Articles tagged with Gene Regulation
A team of researchers has developed a computer model reproducing population-level variation in complex structures like teeth and organs. The model shows that regulation of tooth development is already well known, with a simple basic formula behind the complex gene puzzle resulting in tooth formations.
Researchers have identified 60 small RNA particles (sRNAs) in Helicobacter pylori, a surprising finding given the pathogen's previously thought lack of sRNAs. The discovery could provide new insights into gene regulation and potentially lead to the development of a vaccine against H. pylori.
Researchers have identified calcineurin as a critical enzyme in controlling normal development and function of heart cells. The near total absence of calcineurin leads to heart arrhythmia, failure and death in genetically modified mice.
A new study reveals that chromatin proteins defective in RTT, CdLS, and ATR-X syndromes are associated with each other and regulate imprinted genes. This cooperation may explain similarities between the associated human syndromes.
Researchers at Dartmouth College have discovered a protein structure controlling Vibrio cholerae's virulent nature. A fatty acid found within the protein appears to inhibit its function, preventing the bacteria from causing life-threatening diarrhea.
Researchers at Salk Institute found that nucleoporins, proteins in nuclear pore complexes, act as transcription factors regulating genes during early development. They also offer new insights into cancer mechanisms and potential markers for causes of cancer.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have shown that small mechanical forces can control gene expression by reducing DNA looping, a common mechanism for gene regulation. The study provides new insights into how cells regulate themselves and could lead to new understandings of diseases such as cancer and cardiac disease.
Researchers at miRagen Therapeutics discovered microRNA-206 plays a crucial role in ALS progression and neuromuscular synaptic regeneration. This finding could lead to novel therapeutic interventions for neuromuscular disorders, offering hope for patients suffering from ALS and other diseases.
Researchers at UBC Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics report detailed structure and function of YEATS domain protein Yaf9, a key player in chromatin regulation. The study reveals conserved function from yeast to humans, shedding light on mechanisms of chromatin modification.
Researchers at Brown University have identified a cellular mechanism that enables cells to transform their state, which could lead to new insights into diseases. The study found that a regulatory protein removes a lid from genes, allowing the cell to change its identity.
Researchers at USC School of Dentistry have successfully reversed a cleft palate in fetal mice by regulating signaling molecules. The study's findings suggest that close monitoring and regulation of the protein Shh during palate formation may one day allow for non-surgical reversal before birth.
Scientists at Hebrew University of Jerusalem have discovered that tiny molecules called miRNAs play a crucial role in regulating our internal clock. This finding has significant implications for treating sleep deprivation and other disorders related to the daily life cycle.
Researchers discovered a gene called ID2 that regulates output from the master circadian clock in the brain and helps generate rhythms in various biological processes. The study found that ID2 plays a key role in modulating both the Circadian and metabolic systems, with implications for understanding shift work's impact on health.
Researchers at the University of Bonn have identified a previously unknown gene in fruit flies that controls fat metabolism. The gene, called 'schlank', is structurally similar to genes found in humans and may play a role in energy metabolism. Introducing mouse Lass genes into mutant flies showed promise for new obesity treatments.
A genetic study has identified a significant link between the TMPRSS6 gene and hemoglobin regulation, with potential implications for treating chronic hemoglobin problems. The research found a strong association between the gene and hemoglobin levels in 16,000 people of European and Indian Asian ancestry.
A Florida State University researcher has discovered two pools of histones: one stable for long-term DNA packaging and another rapidly degraded to ensure protein regulation. This finding may lead to new ways to fight cancer and other diseases by manipulating protein regulation.
A Virginia Commonwealth University study identified a key gene regulating ovarian follicle development in mice, which may help understand human fertility issues. Female mice lacking the Smad-3 gene showed reduced ability to respond to FSH stimulation, leading to infertility.
Researchers Partha Mitra and Josh Dubnau will use their grants to create the first brain-wide circuit diagram for the mouse, aiming to determine alterations in corresponding circuits of neuropsychiatric disorder models. They also aim to trace how brain proteins are regulated at synapses, a complex process that is not well understood.
Researchers at Hebrew University of Jerusalem discover Lysyl-tRNA synthetase's regulatory role in gene expression, potentially leading to new therapies for diseases like AIDS and breast cancer. The molecule is also involved in viral replication and high levels have been observed in certain cancers.
A new study has found that genes regulating insulin also alter the timing of the circadian clock, suggesting novel therapies for metabolic disease. Hundreds of genes were identified as affecting the clock's timing, with seven genes involved in insulin control also influencing its rhythms.
Scientists at VCU School of Medicine have identified a new lipid mediator that regulates genes, a discovery that could lead to the development of drugs to fight cancer and inflammatory diseases. The study found that S1P acts like a histone deacetylase inhibitor, regulating gene expression in the cell nucleus.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet found epigenetic DNA mutations in muscles of diabetics that reduce expression of PGC-1α gene. This could explain how environmental factors influence disease development.
Researchers discovered that genetic material regulators beyond the SHOX gene itself play a crucial role in developing growth disorders. A study of 893 patients with short stature found that enhancer mutations, far from the affected gene, can cause the same clinical symptoms as direct gene mutations.
A study by Jeff Coller and his team reveals that messenger RNA (mRNA) is predominantly degraded on ribosomes, altering the common dogma of how gene expression is controlled within cells. This finding has significant implications for understanding genetic diseases linked to mRNA degradation.
A new study found that a vitamin D-regulated anti-bactericidal protein has been conserved in humans and primates for 60 million years. This suggests its critical role in their survival and highlights the importance of maintaining adequate levels of vitamin D.
Research by Jhumku Kohtz finds Evf2 RNA controls gene expression in brain regions involved in GABAergic interneurons. Altered Evf2 levels may contribute to mental disorders with long-lasting effects through adulthood.
Researchers found a common genetic variation associated with differences in brain structure, including reduced surface area in the cortex, in both healthy individuals and patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders. This variation may be a promising candidate gene for further study.
Researchers have used innovative approaches to deduce the internal structure of chromatin, reconciling a decades-old controversy. The new finding could unlock the mystery behind cancer origins and other diseases. Chromatin's complex combination of DNA and proteins regulates genetic processes like DNA replication and transcription.
University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers found a new site for RNA degradation initiation, challenging existing assumptions about the process. The discovery involves CRD-BP, a protein that prevents RNA from degrading in this location.
A recent study found that lincRNAs have a global role in genome regulation, guiding chromatin complexes to specific genomic locations. By analyzing RNA-protein interactions, researchers identified which lincRNAs are bound by chromatin-modifying enzymes and which genes are affected by their depletion.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine discovered a novel connection between ITCH and NOD2 genes, which may lead to new treatments for Crohn's disease. The study highlights the potential for individually-tailored therapies for patients with the NOD2 mutation.
Researchers found that Period 1 regulates expression of alpha-ENaC in mouse kidney, leading to decreased sodium loss in urine. The study suggests a link between the circadian rhythm and salt balance, with implications for blood pressure control.
The development of genetically modified trees is being obstructed by anti-biotech groups and regulations that prioritize process over product. Researchers argue that a regulatory environment focused on scientific case-by-case assessments is necessary to unlock the full potential of forest biotechnology.
The Xie Lab has uncovered the molecular machinery behind stem cell fate, revealing how BAM protein regulates stem cell differentiation and competition by interfering with eIF4A. This imbalance can lead to tissue degeneration and tumor development.
Researchers at the University of Leeds have discovered a key mechanism governing gene evolution, revealing that protein REST controls gene expression by binding to specific genetic sequences. This process has been shown to play a leading role in the evolution of intelligence in mammals, particularly in the brain.
A recent study found that individuals with rheumatoid arthritis experience significant disturbances in their body clock, leading to worsening of symptoms. The research identified a specific genetic pathway responsible for interactions between the genes regulating the body clock and those exacerbating arthritis symptoms.
Researchers at Northwell Health have identified a new risk factor gene, REL, associated with rheumatoid arthritis. The study found that this gene is common in people in North America and may confer an important survival advantage.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed small molecules that mimic the behavior and function of a natural regulator of gene expression, binding to a key protein and promoting gene activity. This breakthrough could lead to new approaches for treating diseases caused by errors in gene regulation.
Scientists discovered that a protein complex called cohesin plays an important role in regulating genes in humans, particularly in the rare genetic disease Cornelia de Lange syndrome. The study identified hundreds of genes that were dysregulated compared to controls, and also detected gene expression profiles unique to CdLS.
Researchers Ulrich Gerland and Terence Hwa discovered two opposing principles guiding gene regulation in microbes: 'use-it-or-lose-it' and 'wear-and-tear'. These mechanisms adapt to environmental changes, with the latter mitigating detrimental effects of constant use.
A recent study in PLoS Biology has identified the crucial role of cohesin proteins in human gene expression, shedding light on Cornelia de Lange syndrome. The research found that dysregulation of cohesin affects hundreds of genes, leading to unique gene expression profiles.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine identified common genetic changes associated with blood pressure and hypertension, including ATP2B1 and SH2B3. The study may lead to advances in hypertension therapy and the formation of early detection systems.
A comprehensive international study has identified eight previously unknown genes affecting blood pressure in healthy individuals. The study, involving 34,433 Europeans, mapped the human genome using hundreds of thousands of genetic markers and found associations with several genes regulating salt metabolism and smooth muscle signaling.
Researchers discovered how a SUMO protein guides an enzyme complex to alter chromatin structure and regulate gene expression. The interaction between SUMO and the enzyme complex prevents aberrant gene expression, which is common in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
The FANTOM4 consortium has published several milestone papers in Nature Genetics and BioMed Central journals, providing new data on genomic regulatory blocks and chromatin conformation signatures. These findings have the potential to revolutionize our understanding of gene regulation and cell differentiation.
Researchers propose an operational definition of 'epigenetics' to address confusion in the scientific community. They define it as stably inherited phenotypes resulting from changes in chromatin without altering DNA sequences. The proposed definition highlights three signals involved in establishing a heritable epigenetic state.
Researchers identified a new cancer gene, UTX, common to many cancers and affecting gene regulation. The UTX protein modifies chromatin structure, altering histone modification and impacting gene activity.
A nationwide research team has identified and mapped 55,000 gene enhancers, revealing their critical role in cell-type-specific gene expression. The study broadens our understanding of the human genome and its regulation.
Researchers at Whitehead Institute and National University of Singapore have discovered a microRNA, miRNA-125b, that downregulates the tumor-suppressor gene p53. This finding provides new insights into cancer development and highlights the complex regulatory mechanisms controlling critical genes.
Researchers developed a new theoretical model to explain protein-DNA interactions, revealing optimal concentrations of binding proteins and auxiliary binding sites. The findings provide insight into gene regulation and its connection to diseases like cancer.
Biologists have identified a critical protein that links the morning and evening components of plant daily clocks, solving a longstanding puzzle about biochemical mechanisms controlling plant clocks. The discovery provides a new way to increase agricultural crop growth and yield.
A genetic variant on chromosome 8 is found to occur significantly more frequently in people with cleft lip and palate than in the control group. The study suggests that genes may play a far more important role in the formation of clefts than previously thought.
Researchers find that decreased PPAR activity may cause irreversible lung damage and pulmonary hypertension in children with heart defects. Boosting PPAR signaling with existing drugs could help restore healthy blood vessel balance and prevent disease.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet identified a new gene, Wrap53, that regulates p53 activity. The study reveals that damage to Wrap53 can indirectly cause cancer, making it a potential target for future therapies.
Researchers at McMaster University have discovered a new way bacteria evolve into pathogens by rewiring regulatory DNA. This finding has significant implications for identifying and assigning risk to emerging diseases.
Scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine have found that linker histone H1 is necessary for holding together pericentric heterochromatin, a region close to the center of chromosomes. H1 also regulates the expression of genes within this region. The study uses fruit fly larvae to examine H1's role in gene regulation.
Computer models reveal that shuffling gene order has a huge impact on virus growth and interaction with host cells. The study aims to understand how an organism's genome guides its growth and development.
Researchers identified a DNA region controlling HGF gene activity and found shortened regions in most breast cancer patients, who were younger than those with normal lengths. This discovery suggests a potential marker for increased breast cancer risk and may be linked to other cancers overexpressing HGF.
The study found that suppressing the respective genes protects mice from severe anaphylactic reactions. This discovery paves the way for developing new drugs to treat and prevent anaphylactic shock.
Scientists have proposed a novel explanation for a long-standing floral genetic mystery in plants, revealing a complex mechanism that provides a clear selective advantage. The study used computational modeling to investigate potential explanations for the existence of interdependent genes that regulate flower development.