DNA mutations linked to diabetes
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet found epigenetic DNA mutations in muscles of diabetics that reduce expression of PGC-1α gene. This could explain how environmental factors influence disease development.
Gene Regulation
Articles tagged with Gene Regulation
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Not only the gene itself, its abnormal regulation can also trigger short stature
Researchers discovered that genetic material regulators beyond the SHOX gene itself play a crucial role in developing growth disorders. A study of 893 patients with short stature found that enhancer mutations, far from the affected gene, can cause the same clinical symptoms as direct gene mutations.
Case Western Reserve University researcher demonstrates that messenger RNA are lost in translation
A study by Jeff Coller and his team reveals that messenger RNA (mRNA) is predominantly degraded on ribosomes, altering the common dogma of how gene expression is controlled within cells. This finding has significant implications for understanding genetic diseases linked to mRNA degradation.
Key feature of immune system survived in humans, other primates for 60 million years
A new study found that a vitamin D-regulated anti-bactericidal protein has been conserved in humans and primates for 60 million years. This suggests its critical role in their survival and highlights the importance of maintaining adequate levels of vitamin D.
Non-coding RNA called Evf2 is important for gene regulation
Research by Jhumku Kohtz finds Evf2 RNA controls gene expression in brain regions involved in GABAergic interneurons. Altered Evf2 levels may contribute to mental disorders with long-lasting effects through adulthood.
Common variation in gene linked to structural changes in the brain
Researchers found a common genetic variation associated with differences in brain structure, including reduced surface area in the cortex, in both healthy individuals and patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders. This variation may be a promising candidate gene for further study.
UC San Diego engineer provides insights to decades-old DNA squabble
Researchers have used innovative approaches to deduce the internal structure of chromatin, reconciling a decades-old controversy. The new finding could unlock the mystery behind cancer origins and other diseases. Chromatin's complex combination of DNA and proteins regulates genetic processes like DNA replication and transcription.
New location found for regulation of RNA fate
University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers found a new site for RNA degradation initiation, challenging existing assumptions about the process. The discovery involves CRD-BP, a protein that prevents RNA from degrading in this location.
LincRNAs serve as genetic air-traffic controllers
A recent study found that lincRNAs have a global role in genome regulation, guiding chromatin complexes to specific genomic locations. By analyzing RNA-protein interactions, researchers identified which lincRNAs are bound by chromatin-modifying enzymes and which genes are affected by their depletion.
Novel genetic finding offers new avenue for future Crohn's disease treatment
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine discovered a novel connection between ITCH and NOD2 genes, which may lead to new treatments for Crohn's disease. The study highlights the potential for individually-tailored therapies for patients with the NOD2 mutation.
Clocking salt levels in the blood: A link between the circadian rhythm and salt balance
Researchers found that Period 1 regulates expression of alpha-ENaC in mouse kidney, leading to decreased sodium loss in urine. The study suggests a link between the circadian rhythm and salt balance, with implications for blood pressure control.
Anti-biotech groups obstruct forest biotechnology
The development of genetically modified trees is being obstructed by anti-biotech groups and regulations that prioritize process over product. Researchers argue that a regulatory environment focused on scientific case-by-case assessments is necessary to unlock the full potential of forest biotechnology.
Xie Lab uncovers molecular machinery related to stem cell fate
The Xie Lab has uncovered the molecular machinery behind stem cell fate, revealing how BAM protein regulates stem cell differentiation and competition by interfering with eIF4A. This imbalance can lead to tissue degeneration and tumor development.
Gene evolution process discovered
Researchers at the University of Leeds have discovered a key mechanism governing gene evolution, revealing that protein REST controls gene expression by binding to specific genetic sequences. This process has been shown to play a leading role in the evolution of intelligence in mammals, particularly in the brain.
Genetic pathway responsible for link between body clock disturbance and worsening arthritis
A recent study found that individuals with rheumatoid arthritis experience significant disturbances in their body clock, leading to worsening of symptoms. The research identified a specific genetic pathway responsible for interactions between the genes regulating the body clock and those exacerbating arthritis symptoms.
Researchers identify new risk factor gene for rheumatoid arthritis
Researchers at Northwell Health have identified a new risk factor gene, REL, associated with rheumatoid arthritis. The study found that this gene is common in people in North America and may confer an important survival advantage.
Small molecules mimic natural gene regulators
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed small molecules that mimic the behavior and function of a natural regulator of gene expression, binding to a key protein and promoting gene activity. This breakthrough could lead to new approaches for treating diseases caused by errors in gene regulation.
In rare disease, a familiar protein disrupts gene function
Scientists discovered that a protein complex called cohesin plays an important role in regulating genes in humans, particularly in the rare genetic disease Cornelia de Lange syndrome. The study identified hundreds of genes that were dysregulated compared to controls, and also detected gene expression profiles unique to CdLS.
The evolution of gene regulation
Researchers Ulrich Gerland and Terence Hwa discovered two opposing principles guiding gene regulation in microbes: 'use-it-or-lose-it' and 'wear-and-tear'. These mechanisms adapt to environmental changes, with the latter mitigating detrimental effects of constant use.
In a rare disorder, a familiar protein disrupts gene function
A recent study in PLoS Biology has identified the crucial role of cohesin proteins in human gene expression, shedding light on Cornelia de Lange syndrome. The research found that dysregulation of cohesin affects hundreds of genes, leading to unique gene expression profiles.
New genes implicated in high blood pressure
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine identified common genetic changes associated with blood pressure and hypertension, including ATP2B1 and SH2B3. The study may lead to advances in hypertension therapy and the formation of early detection systems.
Comprehensive genetic study paves way for new blood-pressure medicines
A comprehensive international study has identified eight previously unknown genes affecting blood pressure in healthy individuals. The study, involving 34,433 Europeans, mapped the human genome using hundreds of thousands of genetic markers and found associations with several genes regulating salt metabolism and smooth muscle signaling.
SUMO protein guides chromatin remodeler to suppress genes
Researchers discovered how a SUMO protein guides an enzyme complex to alter chromatin structure and regulate gene expression. The interaction between SUMO and the enzyme complex prevents aberrant gene expression, which is common in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
FANTOM findings boost for biologists
The FANTOM4 consortium has published several milestone papers in Nature Genetics and BioMed Central journals, providing new data on genomic regulatory blocks and chromatin conformation signatures. These findings have the potential to revolutionize our understanding of gene regulation and cell differentiation.
Ali Shilatifard and colleagues aim to clarify the definition of 'epigenetics'
Researchers propose an operational definition of 'epigenetics' to address confusion in the scientific community. They define it as stably inherited phenotypes resulting from changes in chromatin without altering DNA sequences. The proposed definition highlights three signals involved in establishing a heritable epigenetic state.
Getting down to cancer basics
Researchers identified a new cancer gene, UTX, common to many cancers and affecting gene regulation. The UTX protein modifies chromatin structure, altering histone modification and impacting gene activity.
What's driving specific patterns of gene expression among cell types?
A nationwide research team has identified and mapped 55,000 gene enhancers, revealing their critical role in cell-type-specific gene expression. The study broadens our understanding of the human genome and its regulation.
MicroRNA undermines tumor suppression
Researchers at Whitehead Institute and National University of Singapore have discovered a microRNA, miRNA-125b, that downregulates the tumor-suppressor gene p53. This finding provides new insights into cancer development and highlights the complex regulatory mechanisms controlling critical genes.
Important new model shows how proteins find the right DNA sequences
Researchers developed a new theoretical model to explain protein-DNA interactions, revealing optimal concentrations of binding proteins and auxiliary binding sites. The findings provide insight into gene regulation and its connection to diseases like cancer.
Missing piece of plant clock found
Biologists have identified a critical protein that links the morning and evening components of plant daily clocks, solving a longstanding puzzle about biochemical mechanisms controlling plant clocks. The discovery provides a new way to increase agricultural crop growth and yield.
Cleft lip and palate: Genes more important than thought?
A genetic variant on chromosome 8 is found to occur significantly more frequently in people with cleft lip and palate than in the control group. The study suggests that genes may play a far more important role in the formation of clefts than previously thought.
Pulmonary hypertension in children may result from reduced activity of gene regulator
Researchers find that decreased PPAR activity may cause irreversible lung damage and pulmonary hypertension in children with heart defects. Boosting PPAR signaling with existing drugs could help restore healthy blood vessel balance and prevent disease.
Newly discovered gene plays vital role in cancer
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet identified a new gene, Wrap53, that regulates p53 activity. The study reveals that damage to Wrap53 can indirectly cause cancer, making it a potential target for future therapies.
McMaster researchers discover new mode of how diseases evolve
Researchers at McMaster University have discovered a new way bacteria evolve into pathogens by rewiring regulatory DNA. This finding has significant implications for identifying and assigning risk to emerging diseases.
Roles of DNA packaging protein revealed by Einstein scientists
Scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine have found that linker histone H1 is necessary for holding together pericentric heterochromatin, a region close to the center of chromosomes. H1 also regulates the expression of genes within this region. The study uses fruit fly larvae to examine H1's role in gene regulation.
Mathematical models reveal how organisms transcend the sum of their genes
Computer models reveal that shuffling gene order has a huge impact on virus growth and interaction with host cells. The study aims to understand how an organism's genome guides its growth and development.
A DATE with breast cancer: Shortened gene region linked to breast cancer
Researchers identified a DNA region controlling HGF gene activity and found shortened regions in most breast cancer patients, who were younger than those with normal lengths. This discovery suggests a potential marker for increased breast cancer risk and may be linked to other cancers overexpressing HGF.
Molecular mechanism of anaphylactic shock decoded
The study found that suppressing the respective genes protects mice from severe anaphylactic reactions. This discovery paves the way for developing new drugs to treat and prevent anaphylactic shock.
DREAM: 1 gene regulates pain, learning and memory
The DREAM gene plays a key role in regulating pain perception, learning, and memory. Mice without the gene show reduced sensitivity to pain but improved memory, suggesting a link between calcium regulation and brain function.
A novel explanation for a floral genetic mystery
Scientists have proposed a novel explanation for a long-standing floral genetic mystery in plants, revealing a complex mechanism that provides a clear selective advantage. The study used computational modeling to investigate potential explanations for the existence of interdependent genes that regulate flower development.
Lamin B locks up Oct-1
Perturbation of lamin B1-Oct-1 interactions can affect the expression of genes regulated by Oct-1, leading to increased reactive oxygen species production. This could be a key mechanism underlying the aging process.
Obesity starts in the head? 6 newly discovered genes for obesity have a neural effect
The study identified six new genes associated with obesity, including TMEM18, KCTD15, and GNPDA2, which show a neural effect. These genes are active in brain cells and have been validated in multiple studies.
CSHL scientists discover new way in which ubiquitin modifies transcriptional machinery
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have identified a protein called Asr1 that 'glues' ubiquitin to specific spots in the DNA-copying enzyme, causing it to be jettisoned and inactivating gene transcription. This discovery sheds light on how ubiquitin regulates gene activity.
Model unravels rules that govern how genes are switched on and off
Researchers created a model that explains how genes are turned on and off by analyzing DNA sequences and transcription factor interactions. The study found that simple rules govern gene expression patterns, accounting for 65% of variation between cells.
Scientists shed light on evolution of gene regulation
Researchers at Penn State have discovered that not all DNA segments bound to the GATA1 protein are conserved across mammals, challenging previous assumptions. They found that 45% of these segments retain their identical form in other species, suggesting purifying selection maintains most regulatory regions.
Researchers at IRB Barcelona produce more data on key genes in diabetes
Researchers at IRB Barcelona have discovered the relation between genes that affect a cell's capacity to generate energy. The study highlights the importance of Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) in regulating mitochondrial fusion, which is crucial for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Dalmatian bladder stones caused by gene that regulates uric acid in humans
A genetic mutation in Dalmatians causes high uric acid levels leading to bladder stones, a problem also affecting humans. Researchers identified the SLC2A9 gene responsible and plan to offer DNA testing for breeders to eliminate the trait.
Montana State University researchers find gene that regulates mold's resistance to drugs
Researchers at Montana State University have identified a gene called srbA that allows molds to resist drugs and thrive in low-oxygen environments. The gene is found in both humans and molds, and its removal makes the mold more susceptible to antifungal drugs and oxygen deprivation.
'Junk' DNA proves functional
Researchers at the Genome Institute of Singapore found that 'junk' DNA plays a crucial role in distinguishing humans from other species. These repeats provide a source of evolutionary variability and may hold the key to understanding physical differences between humans and other organisms.
Penn scientists map molecular regulation of fat-cell genetics
Researchers mapped thousands of positions where PPAR gamma regulates genes in fat cells, potentially leading to new therapies for reducing fat cell numbers or altering function. The findings aim to decrease side effects associated with antidiabetic drugs.
Seasonal affective disorder may be linked to genetic mutation, study suggests
A recent study suggests that seasonal affective disorder (SAD) may be linked to a genetic mutation in the eye's melanopsin gene. Individuals with this mutation are five times more likely to experience SAD symptoms, highlighting a potential genetic predisposition to the condition.
Estrogen and progesterone receptor isoforms expression in the stomach of Mongolian gerbils
Research detects ER-alpha and PR isoforms in Mongolian gerbil stomach, but their regulation by E2 and P4 varies between tissues. The study sheds light on the mechanisms behind these receptors' roles in gastric health.
MSU scientists find new gene that helps plants beat the heat
Researchers found a novel gene, bZIP28, regulating heat stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana. This discovery may lead to creating crops more resilient to warmer climates.
Study finds genetic variant plays role in cleft lip
Researchers have identified a genetic variant associated with isolated cleft lip, which affects approximately one in five cases. The study found that the variant disrupts proper expression of the IRF6 gene, leading to disruptions in AP2 binding and contributing to the development of cleft lip.
Caltech scientists find cells coordinate gene activity with FM bursts
Researchers found that cells tune gene expression using discrete bursts of activation, proportional to the frequency of nuclear localization pulses. This 'bang bang' regulation controls gene expression, with genes affected in proportion to the number or frequency of these jumps.
Simple twists of fate
A novel Brandeis University study reports on molecular gymnastics performed by a protein involved in regulating DNA transcription. The research uses state-of-the-art tools and simple methods to observe the shape and behavior of individual DNA molecules.
Conaway Lab identifies novel mechanism for regulation of gene expression
The Conaway Lab identifies a new way in which the proteasome helps regulate gene expression through its interaction with the chromatin remodeling complex INO80. This mechanism involves the deubiquitinating enzyme Uch37, which can remove protein tags from other proteins.
Formula discovered for longer plant life
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute found that certain microRNAs regulate growth and aging processes in plants by inhibiting TCP transcription factors. This results in slower aging and increased lifespan, with potential applications for cultivating longer-lived and faster-growing plants.
When leaves fall, more is occurring than a change of weather
Researchers at the University of Missouri have uncovered the genetic pathway that controls abscission in plants, shedding light on this fundamental physiological process. The discovery has significant implications for regulating fruit quality and pre-harvest fruit drop in commercial industries.
Primordial fish had rudimentary fingers
Researchers at Uppsala University used medical x-rays to find rudimentary fingers in the fins of Panderichthys, a transitional animal between fish and tetrapods. This discovery indicates that fingers evolved earlier than previously thought, contradicting the long-held theory that they emerged in tetrapods.