Articles tagged with Gene Regulation
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Studies found that small pieces of genetic material known as miRNAs are more likely to be located near genes affecting cancer susceptibility. This discovery could lead to new insights into cancer risk and potentially inform the development of targeted therapies.
Researchers found that transcription factors bind to different sites in human and mouse liver cells, suggesting distinct regulatory mechanisms. This discovery could help identify patterns in gene expression and provide guidance for researchers using mice to understand human biology.
A study by University of Virginia researchers found that mice lacking the Nocturnin gene were resistant to weight gain on a high-fat diet and had normal liver fat levels. This discovery may lead to new treatments for inhibiting obesity and its effects on health.
Richard Lifton was honored with the prestigious Alfred Newton Richards Award at the WCN 2007, recognized for his outstanding basic research in nephrology. His work has significantly advanced our understanding of the molecular and genetic basis of renal and cardiovascular disease.
A study of 108 individuals with a HNF4A mutation found an average increase in birthweight of 790g, with over half of the babies classified as macrosomic. Low blood-sugar levels at birth were also more common in these infants.
Researchers identified a candidate gene called DARC that may underlie differences in bone density between African-Americans and Caucasians. The study found that the DARC gene negatively regulates bone density in mice, and inhibiting its function could lead to therapies for osteoporosis.
Researchers have mapped nucleosome structures on a genome-wide scale, revealing an intimate relationship between DNA sequences and gene regulation. The study pinpointed critical gateways for transcription, showing how nucleosomes control gene function across the entire genome.
Neurobiologists have found that DNA methylation is necessary for forming memories and regulates the activity of genes involved in memory formation. The study suggests that epigenetic regulation has a significant impact on behavioral changes brought about by environmental stimuli.
Two studies published in The Plant Cell reveal the role of NAC transcription factors NST1 and NST3 in regulating secondary wall thickening in woody tissues of Arabidopsis. These genes are found to be redundantly involved in promoting secondary wall formation, with one gene compensating for the loss of function of the other.
Frank Slack studies genetic switches controlling development and aging, while Sandra Wolin investigates RNA damage contributing to senescence and neurodegenerative diseases. Both researchers aim to improve understanding of aging processes.
Researchers from the Whitehead Institute have discovered that a specific microRNA helps prevent tumor formation by regulating the Hmga2 gene. In mice with compromised immune systems, cells expressing Hmga2 with disrupted let-7 sites developed tumors, highlighting a new mechanism for cancer formation.
Researchers found that the genetic code is nearly optimal for encoding signals of any length in parallel to sequences coding for proteins. The code is also organized efficiently, halting protein synthesis when necessary to conserve energy and resources.
Researchers at University College London have discovered the structure and function of a crucial gene regulating blood pressure. The study reveals that loss of activity in this gene leads to reduced nitric oxide production, a key player in cardiovascular health.
Scientists have developed a powerful method for charting nucleosome positions in the human genome, which could help uncover clues for cancer and other diseases. The technique successfully pinpointed the location of nucleosomes in thousands of promoter regions across seven human cell lines.
Scientists at Thomas Jefferson University have identified a new mechanism for controlling gene expression in fruit flies, involving non-coding RNAs that regulate HOX genes. This discovery could lead to improved understanding of diseases like ALL and its connection to misregulated HOX genes.
University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers discovered novel functions of the Sen1 protein, which acts as a master regulatory switch in yeast. This discovery may help understand human neurodegenerative diseases like ALS and movement disorders.
Gene-bending proteins recognize and bind tightly to bent DNA conformation, suggesting DNA plays a role in guiding correct bending protein to site on DNA. This finding challenges the conventional dogma that it is the protein that bends the DNA.
Researchers used fruit flies to study the genetic basis of species differences, finding that small changes in control regions of genes can result in morphological differences and potentially even the creation of a new species. The study highlights the importance of regulatory sequences in gene evolution.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have identified the Six3 gene as a critical regulator of lens development in mammalian embryos. The study shows that Six3 activation of the Pax6 gene is essential for the formation of the lens, and its absence leads to lens formation failure.
Researchers found that a specific gene variation is associated with lower pain sensitivity and reduced risk of chronic pain. The study suggests that individuals with this genetic marker may be less sensitive to pain and have a lower risk of developing neuropathic pain.
Researchers discovered that the cell cycle's temporal regulation evolves rapidly, with changes occurring every 100 million years. This fast evolution is unexpected for a fundamental process like cell division.
Using multiphoton fluorescence microscopy, researchers have watched chromosomes change their form to activate genes in living fruit fly cells. This discovery could significantly advance our understanding of the basic processes underlying gene expression.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute have determined the three-dimensional structure of a key two-molecule complex involved in long-term gene storage, primarily in non-growing cells. This discovery provides important insights into how cells protect genes that could trigger cancers and other disorders.
A new genetic component of heart disease has been identified, with the ILK protein found to play a critical role in regulating cardiac contractility. Loss of ILK in heart cells results in cardiomyopathy and heart failure, highlighting the importance of this molecule in vital physiological processes.
University of Utah scientists reverse evolution by reconstructing a 530-million-year-old gene from two modern mouse genes. By combining key portions of Hoxa1 and Hoxb1, they effectively recreated a gene with the function that the original Hox1 performed more than 530 million years ago.
Researchers analyzed the mechanism controlling body size in Manduca sexta and found that it is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The study suggests that a balance between growth rate and developmental time determines optimal body size.
Drosha activity plays a fundamental regulatory step in microRNA processing. Blocking this enzyme can suppress miRNA production in cancer cells. This discovery may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for treating cancer by understanding the molecular events of carcinogenesis.
Researchers have determined the life cycle of operons, small groups of genes with related functions co-transcribed in a single strand of messenger RNA. The findings reveal that operon creation and destruction lead to large changes in gene expression patterns, suggesting adaptation to environmental stresses.
Bioengineering researchers found that cells use pairs, trios, and combinations of up to 13 transcription factors to regulate distinct sets of genes. The study predicts 980 as-yet-undiscovered transcription factor-gene binding interactions.
Research using sleepy fruit flies discovered that specific regions of the brain, known as mushroom bodies, regulate sleep. Increasing serotonin activity in these regions promotes sleep, which may help with learning and memory consolidation.
Cross-species DNA sequence comparisons can accurately identify human regulatory DNA sequences when comparing closely related species. The study used a uniform approach to assess the impact of evolutionary distance, finding sensitivity improved by 53-80% and true-positive rates ranging from 53-67%.
Dr. Hammarskjold's team reveals WT1(+KTS) promotes translation by facilitating mRNA transport and stability, highlighting links between transcription and post-transcriptional gene regulation. The study's findings suggest a crucial role for alternative splicing in regulating genes like WT1 during normal development and disease.
Plant biologist Jian Kang Zhu discovered that the high expression of osmotically responsive gene 1 (HOS1) acts as a biochemical gate to cut off the plant's cold protection. The HOS1 protein interacts with ICE1, kicking off a genetic cascade that provides cold protection proteins.
A new study by Harvard Medical School researchers found that visual stimulus turns up the expression of some genes and turns down others, shaping the brain. The study identified distinct sets of genes that respond to visual input at different ages, suggesting a more holistic view of gene function in neural development.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have identified a gene that promotes both disease resistance and pollen development in rice. The xa13 allele, found to be resistant to bacterial leaf blight, has a surprising positive effect on plant fertility.
Scientists have found that the same DNA sequence is present in both humans and an ancient fish thought to be extinct for millions of years, indicating that mobile DNA elements can be adapted to regulate genes. This discovery suggests that mobile DNA may play a role in evolution's toolbox.
Researchers studied gene regulation in fruit flies and beetles, finding that some genes are necessary for both species to make segments. The findings will help better understand the basic process of segmentation and its genetic regulation.
Dr. Varshavsky's pioneering studies revealed ubiquitin's diverse roles in cell cycle, DNA repair, and responses to stress, advancing the field of molecular genetics. The March of Dimes Prize acknowledges his significant contributions to understanding birth defects, neurodegenerative syndromes, cancer, and immune disorders.
Researchers discovered a new therapeutic target for hepatitis C using microRNA-122. The study found that miR-122 binds to a specific region of the virus, suggesting a potential approach for inhibiting viral replication.
The study found that Nrf2 plays a crucial role in regulating the body's inflammatory response and protecting against oxidative stress. Mice deficient in Nrf2 expressed increased levels of cytokines, leading to early death in sepsis cases, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.
Researchers investigated how homeoproteins interact with DNA to determine their binding specificity. The findings reveal new insights into the mechanisms underlying these interactions.
Researchers identified a sequence within the 3' UTR of Her2 mRNA that overrides inhibitory effects of 5' uORF, increasing Her2 translation in breast cancer cells. This mechanism is crucial for understanding post-transcriptional control processes and identifying new molecular targets for cancer treatment.
The UCSB research team will utilize recent breakthroughs to control the expression of any gene, including those that contribute to serious diseases such as cancer. Funding from the W. M. Keck Foundation will support six leading scientists in developing microRNA-based interventions.
Researchers developed a genome-wide map of miRNA-mRNA interactions using the PicTar algorithm, predicting that one-third of C. elegans miRNAs target related genes. The study also found that 3' UTRs contain a largely unexplored universe for gene regulation.
Scientists have identified two blood clotting genes associated with an increased risk of coronary disease, finding that genetic variants of factor V and prothrombin increase thrombin production. The study suggests the need for bigger studies to identify other genetic causes of heart attacks.
Scientists studied mice lacking POMC gene to understand obesity and fat distribution. The research shows that cortisol levels are not the sole factor, but rather part of a chain of hormonal signals associated with obesity. Glucocorticoids were found to accelerate weight gain and diabetes in treated mice.
Researchers propose 'Darwinian debt' as a key factor in fish stock depletion, suggesting that species' inability to adapt to changing environmental conditions leads to population decline. This concept challenges traditional views on conservation and management strategies for marine ecosystems.
Bcl-3 is activated by DNA damage and required for p53 control of Hdm2 gene expression. Constitutive Bcl-3 expression subverts normal p53 regulation, leading to oncogenic potential.
Researchers characterize 161 unique RNA genes in introns of protein-coding genes, revealing new insights into developmental processes and regulatory mechanisms in nematodes.
Scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology have discovered a feedback mechanism involving hormones and regulatory proteins that controls the number of stem cells in plants. The research sheds light on how plants maintain a balance between growth and cell proliferation, preventing stunted or uncontrolled growth.
The Genetics & Public Policy Center urges the government to issue proposed regulations for a genetic testing specialty, citing concerns over the lack of oversight in the industry. The center argues that a genetic testing specialty is achievable with key quality requirements such as analytic and clinical validity.
A team of researchers has discovered a novel form of cancer gene regulation that inhibits the production of GLI1, a protein associated with severe birth defects and childhood cancers. This regulation mechanism involves the Quaking protein and is conserved across humans and worms.
Researchers found a special type of nucleosome bearing protein Htz1 that allows genes to be read by cellular machinery in a regulated manner, enabling gene expression. This discovery has implications for understanding how gene activation and repression is altered in cancer cells and developing targeted treatments.
Researchers found that a protein called Y box-binding protein 1 binds to the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) gene, leading to changes in alternative RNA splicing. This process can result in diverse sets of RNA and proteins being produced from the same gene.
The study classified duplicate pairs of genes involved in yeast metabolism into four functional categories: back-up, subfunctionalization, regulation, and gene dosage. These mechanisms play a substantial role in maintaining duplicate genes in the genome.
Researchers identified a single crystallin gene in sea squirts that likely evolved into the ß?-crystallins responsible for forming the vertebrate eye lens. The study found a regulatory link between these genes, suggesting a co-opted mechanism in early vertebrates.
Dmir-1 is specifically expressed in muscle cells, regulating Twist and Mef2 transcription factors. Muscle integrity and identity are maintained by Dmir-1, ensuring non-muscle gene mRNAs remain inactive.
Researchers have made a crucial breakthrough in understanding Rett Syndrome by identifying the specific genetic targets involved in the disease. The discovery of an A-T stretch required for MeCP2 binding provides a key clue to finding new target genes.
Researchers from the University of Delaware made a breakthrough in studying small RNAs by applying Massively Parallel Signature Sequencing (MPSS) to Arabidopsis. The study identified over 75,000 different small RNA sequences and provided quantitative information on their abundance and regulation.
Experts discuss scientific and regulatory aspects of sports doping, including 'gene doping' that uses genetic elements to enhance athletic performance. The U.S. Anti-Doping Agency is also highlighted as a key player in fighting sports doping through testing, education, and research.