Articles tagged with Neurons
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have identified the specific step in the neurogenesis pathway that Prozac (fluoxetine) stimulates, increasing the number of neurons in the brain. The study's findings lay the foundation for future cell replacement therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers have discovered a new compound that specifically targets FKBP38 receptor, reducing programmed cell death in neuronal cells. The compound protects neurons and promotes neural stem cell proliferation, offering potential therapeutic application for stroke and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers have discovered that neurons can produce a key protein linked to Alzheimer's disease under certain conditions. The study uses a unique mouse model to show that apoE production is regulated by the brain's response to injury, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying this complex disorder.
Dr. McCluskey receives the Ajinomoto Award for Young Investigators in Gustation for her work on taste bud regeneration and its relation to the immune system. She aims to understand how macrophages, a type of immune cell, affect neural function in injured nerves.
A study by Harvard Medical School researchers identifies specific neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex that assign values to different goods. This discovery sheds light on choice deficit disorders such as eating disorders and compulsive gambling.
Researchers at Princeton University discovered that retinal ganglion cells organize their actions based on pair interactions rather than group discussions. This finding could shed light on how brain cells work together to make decisions.
Researchers confirm ventral word-form area's causal role in recognizing words by studying a patient whose surgery disrupted the region. The patient showed impaired reading skills but retained object recognition and naming abilities.
Researchers discovered a new mechanism in nerve cells that enables them to filter and transfer signals rapidly, contrary to the traditional Hodgkin-Huxley model. This allows for high precision in transmitting fast-changing signals while ignoring slowly varying stimuli.
Researchers find that growth factor SCF promotes tumor angiogenesis by interacting with normal neurons, leading to worsened prognosis in patients. Decreased SCF expression improves survival in mouse glioma models, highlighting the importance of considering normal cells in cancer treatment.
In a study on Huntington disease, researchers found that cystamine increased brain levels of protective protein HSJ1b and BDNF, suggesting a promising candidate for treatment. The study also revealed that cystamine raises BDNF in an HSJ1b-dependent manner.
A new study published in Neuron suggests that facial recognition relies on a similar neural mechanism as other object recognition, rather than specialized processing. The researchers used computational modeling and fMRI to find that a small group of neurons in the fusiform face area is highly selective for different faces.
Researchers propose a theory that the fusiform face area (FFA) recognizes faces based on selective processing of shapes of facial features. Their computational model and experimental studies support this idea, suggesting that face recognition can be achieved by hierarchical shape detectors.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis used a network of interconnected pendulums to demonstrate that introducing disorder can lead to order and synchronization in chaotic systems. The findings have potential applications in understanding neuronal activity and may help explain previously unexplained observations.
Research findings clarify microglia's induction and blockage of oligodendrogenesis in MS, shedding light on disease mechanisms. The study highlights the complex interplay between microglial activation and oligodendrogenesis in MS.
Researchers found that serotonin levels in pacemaker cells are crucial for gasping and auto-resuscitation in babies. Disturbed serotonin levels can lead to a decrease in gasping, making it difficult for the baby to wake up and initiate movement.
A mutation in the EAAT2 gene, which regulates glutamate levels in the brain, is associated with elevated plasma glutamate and increased risk of post-stroke neurological problems. Stroke patients with the mutated allele had higher plasma glutamate levels and more severe neurological outcomes than those with the normal allele.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine have created a detailed map of the lateral wall of the subventricle zone, suggesting the potential existence of human brain stem cells. The discovery also reveals displaced ependymal cells that may be related to cancer or neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers found that adding neurotrophins to human embryonic stem cells increases cell survival by 36-fold. This discovery could enable mass production of stem cells for disease treatment and prevent tumor formation.
A subset of brain cells with pacemaking abilities has been identified as essential for gasping in infants, resolving a 15-year-old controversy. The discovery highlights the importance of autoresuscitation and gasping in maintaining oxygen supplies and heart rate during critical low-oxygen conditions.
Researchers at UF identified neural crest cells as the source of sharks' electrical ESP, a previously unknown function. This discovery fortifies the idea that early ancestors may have had the ability to detect electric fields.
Dr. Liu has discovered a mechanism underlying immune system modulation of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and will optimize therapy using NKT cells. The Muscular Dystrophy Association fellowship award supports her three-year research project.
New research reveals that blackcurrants' anthocyanins and polyphenolics have a protective effect against Alzheimer's disease in cultured neuronal cells. The effects are likely to be reproduced in the human body, potentially preventing or delaying the onset of the disease.
A team of researchers at Johns Hopkins University has discovered that neurons in the brain's visual center respond to different components of a shape and fit them together like a puzzle to create an image. The brain constructs an internal representation of an object from disparate pieces, allowing for quick recognition of objects.
Researchers have discovered a new key area in the brain that responds to the fat hormone leptin, which plays a crucial role in resisting high-fat-diet-induced obesity. The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) region, previously thought to only be involved in appetite regulation, was found to also respond to leptin and is essential for maint...
Researchers have identified a genetic mutation in the calnexin gene that can lead to degenerative blindness, providing new insights into retinal degeneration. The study's findings may one day enable doctors to deliver tailored treatments to patients with specific calnexin mutations.
A study published in Nature reveals that a molecular mechanism directs cells to migrate to the correct location within the developing neural tube of vertebrates. The research, conducted by Mount Sinai School of Medicine, identifies specific molecules involved in restoring polarity and guiding cell migration.
Researchers found that the loss of caspase-8 protein promotes neuroblastoma metastasis by allowing cancer cells to break away from the primary tumor and spread to other sites in the body. Novel treatments that restore the tumor-suppression role of caspase-8 may prevent metastases and improve patient outcomes.
Researchers at UCSD develop mouse model for lissencephaly, a severe brain disorder in newborn children. The study shows that removing two genes from the mouse replicates human lissencephaly features, shedding light on the condition's causes and potential treatment.
A study published in Neuron found that the CB1 receptor is integrated with leptin signaling to control appetite, with implications for obesity treatment. Blocking CB1 receptors may offer a promising approach to treating obesity, and recent antiobesity drugs like rimonabant may also work by reducing endocannabinoid signaling.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have developed an antibody therapy that successfully targets and kills cancer cells in laboratory models of neuroblastoma. The treatment, which combines antibodies with immune system cells, has shown promise for treating low initial tumor levels or small cancer cell populations.
The study proposes a novel model of neural circuitry that fine-tunes behavior through feedback inhibition, potentially explaining regulatory mechanisms like temperature control and satiety. This framework provides a new tool for exploring working memory complexities and understanding mental health and disease.
Researchers introduce a modified form of ChR2 in C. elegans neurons and muscle cells, allowing blue-light activation to trigger strong contraction and backing behavior. Electrophysiological experiments confirm the effects are due to ion flow caused by light exposure.
Scientists have engineered human brain progenitor cells to produce a growth factor that has shown clinical promise for treating Parkinson's disease. The cells were transplanted into rats and monkeys, delivering the drug where it is needed, promoting nerve fiber growth and improving survival of defective cells.
Researchers found that specific fragments of the apoE4 protein are neurotoxic and accumulate in mitochondria, leading to neuronal death characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. Blocking interaction of these fragments with mitochondria may be a potential new strategy for inhibiting detrimental effects.
Researchers evaluated the effect of unilateral implantation of human RPE cells attached to gelatin microcarriers in six patients with advanced Parkinson disease. The study showed a 48% average improvement in motor symptoms at 12 months, sustained through 24 months, with no off-state dyskinesias observed.
Researchers estimated that 150 blood group compatible donors, 100 O donors, or ten highly selected donors could provide maximum benefit for HLA matching. The study aims to establish a hESC bank with sufficient HLA diversity for the UK population.
A memory trace is formed in a pair of neurons called the dorsal pair medial neurons, but only 30 minutes after the fact and through the mediation of a gene called amnesiac. The change can last about two hours, challenging the common-held precept that memories are stored in the same place.
Researchers found that BPA can mimic estrogen's actions in developing neurons, leading to potential harm to the brain. The study suggests that even low concentrations of BPA may be hazardous, as they are comparable to human fetal exposures and water supply levels.
Research reveals a novel role of serotonin transporters in controlling left-right asymmetry, with implications for embryonic development and potential side effects of certain antidepressant medications. The study also highlights the importance of dynamic serotonin movement within cells.
Researchers found that progressive loss of two types of hypothalamic neurons, Pomc and Agrp, leads to altered food intake patterns in mice. This discovery provides a potentially informative model for studying human age-related obesity and the regulation of energy homeostasis.
Researchers discovered that disrupting p53 activity in neurons extends lifespan and increases stress resistance in adult fruit flies. The study suggests that targeting p53 activity in different cell types may offer a way to prevent tumors while preserving healthy aging.
Researchers at Brown University have discovered that reducing p53 protein activity in neurons can increase lifespan in fruit flies by 58%, a finding that suggests a potential mechanism for slowing aging through the caloric restriction pathway.
Researchers at EMBL and universities in Heidelberg and Ulm found that blocking a specific signal within brain cells may help prevent cell death after a stroke. The study suggests new therapies could be developed by controlling a molecule involved in passing the signal.
A new perspective on cortical development suggests that genetic and environmental factors interact to shape brain regions. Researchers, led by Mriganka Sur, have discovered that transcription factors play a key role in controlling cell growth and connectivity during early prenatal development.
Researchers found that morning cells set pace for entire system, resetting evening clock daily without changing its intrinsic speed. Flies' circadian clocks are conserved with mammals, but studying them provides valuable insights into human brain anatomy.
A study by researchers at the University of Chicago found that activating specific cells in the brain stem allows animals to suppress pain while performing essential tasks. This mechanism, known as
A study published by University of Iowa researchers has identified the CHIP protein as a crucial component in managing neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington's and Alzheimer's. By suppressing misfolded proteins, CHIP may provide a promising route to therapy for these devastating brain disorders.
Researchers have discovered that NPY/AgRP neurons are crucial for regulating eating behavior and body weight. Eliminating these neurons in adult mice resulted in reduced appetite and significant weight loss, highlighting their importance in maintaining normal feeding behavior.
Researchers analyzed brain activity of rhesus monkeys to infer what they knew, finding novel nerve cells representing correct memory associations that persisted even after incorrect choices. Human memory relies on association, and behavioral performance may be influenced by external factors.
The study used repetitive triplet sequences of tones with alternating frequencies to explore how the brain perceives auditory streams. The researchers found that at intermediate frequency separations and speeds, listeners' perceptions shifted from a single stream to two separate streams.
Researchers have discovered that neural stem cells in adult mice can respond to Shh signaling and give rise to other neural cell types, including glial cells. The study also found that quiescent stem cells can self-renew after a year, with implications for tissue repair and cancer progression.
Researchers found that gene Math1 plays a pivotal role in forming neurons important for carrying hearing, vestibular, and balance signals. The gene is required for many components of a neuronal network that coordinates various sensations, including balance and position in space.
Researchers found that adult stem cell therapy significantly improves recovery of motor function and balance in an animal model of cerebral palsy. The treatment, which involves injecting stem cells directly into the brain, showed a 20% reduction in favoring the unaffected side and a 25% improvement in balance.
The study identifies aquaporin-4 as the target molecule of the NMO antibody, a significant finding that deviates from previous research on multiple sclerosis. The discovery may lead to the development of new therapies for neuromyelitis optica and other autoimmune disorders.
A team of researchers, including Brandeis University, is studying the role of glial cells in individual synapses and neural networks. The project aims to deepen understanding of glial cell function and its potential impact on diseases originating from malfunctioning glial cells.
A study published in Nature Neuroscience reveals that AgRP neurons play a crucial role in regulating eating behavior and body weight. The research found that these neurons are essential for acute regulation of eating, and their destruction leads to anorexia and changes in blood glucose levels.
Scientists have identified four sugar-coated faces made by stem cells as they develop into brain cells, which may help navigate the adult brain and repair brain injury or disease. These glycoconjugate markers could aid in functional recovery and controlling stem cell proliferation.
Scientists at EMBL and IRB-PCB found that disrupted genes in stem cells can lead to deadly tumors. The study shows that specific molecules control cell division and differentiation, and their disruption can result in cancer.
Researchers found that distinct brain regions were active when rats chose between environments associated with pups or cocaine. This discovery may provide insight into the neural basis of decision-making and preference formation in mammals.
Scientists have developed techniques to analyze the chemical composition of brain cells, enabling them to map the distribution of biologically important molecules like vitamin E. This breakthrough may lead to a better understanding of brain function in healthy and diseased brains.