Articles tagged with Neurotransmitters
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Researchers found that administering nitric oxide to preterm mice after birth can reverse symptoms of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, including sensory and cognitive disorders. A clinical trial is now underway to test this treatment in human preterm infants.
Researchers developed an AI-based tool to calculate harmful effects of medicines, reducing risks of confusion, blurred vision, and falls. The International Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Tool (IACT) provides a more accurate scoring system, supporting personalized medicine approaches.
A study published in PLOS Biology reveals that glutamate signaling regulates the seasonal response of bean bugs' reproduction, controlled by circadian rhythm genes. The researchers found that extracellular glutamate levels were higher under short-day conditions and disrupted when reduced or increased.
A KAIST research team has discovered a new role for somatostatin, a protein-based neurotransmitter, in reducing the toxicity caused by Alzheimers disease. When somatostatin is met with copper and Aβ proteins, it attenuates the toxicity and agglomeration of metal-Aβ complexes.
Researchers have developed a groundbreaking 'toolbox' to study receptor mobility in the brain, revealing its critical role in certain types of memory. The study used high-resolution imaging and manipulation techniques to observe receptor dynamics in intact brain tissue, providing new insights into the mechanisms controlling memory.
A recent study published in eLife has revealed that high levels of soluble tau protein impair signaling between neurons, leading to cognitive decline. The research suggests that targeting the binding site of dynamin, a protein that binds to microtubules, may rescue synaptic transmission and prevent memory impairment.
Researchers at Colorado State University have found a way to alter the type of synapses between brain cells using enzymes. This breakthrough could lead to new treatments for brain disorders caused by faulty synaptic information processing and exchange.
Researchers at Hokkaido University discovered that ATP secreted from sensory neuron-interneuron crosstalk triggers inflammation spread across joints, acting as a neurotransmitter and inflammation enhancer. Blocking this pathway prevents the spread of inflammation.
A new study reveals that running increases dopamine release and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, leading to improved learning, memory, and motor skills. The findings provide insight into the long-term effects of exercise on the brain and may lead to new treatments for Parkinson's disease.
A new study suggests that supplementing a diet with Ascidiacea, also known as sea squirts, reverses some main signs of aging in animal models. The researchers found that plasmalogens, vital to body processes, decrease with age and contribute to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Researchers at University of Bonn identified a key enzyme, RIM1, that maintains synaptic homeostasis and prevents excessive brain activity. The discovery has implications for understanding diseases such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, and autism.
A new study published in Nature Immunology finds that B cells produce the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which blocks white blood cell production and reduces cardiovascular inflammation. This discovery may lead to new treatments for conditions such as atherosclerosis and heart failure.
Researchers have solved atomic-level structures of the muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, a crucial step in understanding its function. The new findings could lead to breakthroughs in treating neurological disorders such as congenital myasthenic syndrome and myasthenia gravis.
The locus coeruleus, a tiny cell structure in the brainstem, regulates our brain's sensitivity to relevant information. Noradrenaline, produced by the blue spot, modulates alpha oscillations, allowing us to focus attention.
Researchers have identified a key protein in the brain that regulates habituation, a mechanism essential for focus and attention. The study found that a decrease in this protein leads to hypersensitivity and symptoms similar to those seen in Autism Spectrum Disorder.
A study in young psychiatric outpatients with episodic or chronic depression found differences in one-carbon and energy metabolism, which could aid in diagnosis and targeted treatments. The preliminary results suggest potential mechanisms behind chronicity, highlighting the need for larger cohorts to confirm findings.
Scientists have uncovered the structure of a Black Widow neurotoxin using cryo-electron microscopy, which could lead to the development of an antidote and new pesticides. The findings are a major breakthrough in understanding the molecular mechanism of the toxin.
Researchers found that packaging neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles is a major source of energy consumption, even when the vesicles are filled and inactive. The process, known as proton efflux, continues to consume energy due to a 'leaky' energy threshold set by evolution.
Researchers have genetically engineered bacteria to detect specific chemicals in the gut, which can help maintain balanced neurotransmitter levels. The bacteria, called Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, produce enzymes that degrade or synthesize target chemicals, potentially alleviating mental health issues.
A study at the University of Turku found that brain function regulating satiety and appetite is altered before obesity develops, with family background risk factors contributing to these changes. The findings suggest the brain and central nervous system are key targets for treating obesity.
A team of researchers at the Marine Biological Laboratory has developed a system called HySyn, which uses neuropeptides from Hydra to synthetically reconnect neural circuits in the C. elegans brain. This allows for the creation of an artificial synapse that rewires a behavioral circuit, enabling the worm to communicate more effectively.
Researchers found impaired neurotransmitter release and synaptic signaling in human-derived neurons from patients with schizophrenia and a rare genetic mutation. This discovery provides insight into the cellular pathways perturbed in schizophrenia and offers a lead for studying this biology.
Researchers found that scorpion venom triggers a systemic neuroimmune reaction leading to pulmonary edema and cardiac alterations. Administration of corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone, can quickly inhibit the inflammatory process and prevent death in mice.
A study found that a molecular system regulates electrical signals in the brain, enabling learning and memory. The research also identified a molecule that controls this process, which could lead to new treatments for conditions like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's.
Researchers discovered that Synaptotagmin 7 (SYT7) constrains neurotransmitter release at synapses, acting as a volume dial to regulate signal output. The study found that reducing SYT7 increases neurotransmitter release, while increasing it reduces release significantly.
Researchers have discovered a potential treatment for synaptotagmin-1-associated neurodevelopmental disorder, a rare condition affecting neurotransmitter release. By analyzing mutated proteins and their effects on neuron communication, the team identified a familiar drug, 4-AP, as a possible therapeutic option to alleviate symptoms.
Researchers found that isoflurane weakens the transmission of electrical signals between neurons, particularly at higher frequency impulses. The anesthetic preferentially blocks these high frequency signals, while having minimal effect on low frequency impulses that control life-supporting functions.
A study modelled psilocybin's interaction with the brain, explaining its therapeutic effects on depression, anxiety and addiction. The research integrated data from various imaging techniques to reveal the stimulation of serotonin receptors 5-HT2A involved in psychoactive modulation.
A study modeling psilocybin's effects on brain activity reveals the importance of coupling neuronal and neurotransmitter systems at the whole-brain level. The findings support the development of treatments for depression, anxiety, and addiction using this psychedelic drug.
A new preclinical study reveals that a lack of BIN1 leads to defective neurotransmitter transmission, impairing brain cell communication and memory consolidation. The study suggests that BIN1 plays a crucial role in regulating synaptic transmission and may be involved in the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers developed innovative methods to image and reconstruct mitochondria at the synaptic level, revealing higher mitochondrial volumes in mature calyx of Held. This finding supports the idea that increased mitochondrial volume enables the high energy demands of a more active mature calyx.
A WPI biologist has discovered that a key component in a worm's communication system can be repurposed to take on a different function, providing insights into the workings of evolution. This finding could have significant implications for drug interaction research, agricultural bio-engineering, and our understanding of genetic inherit...
Researchers have discovered that immune cells produce brain chemicals like acetylcholine to fight off infections and control chronic virus infections. This breakthrough, published in Science, solves a puzzle scientists have pondered for over a century.
Researchers have discovered that protein droplets, which self-organize into liquid-like structures inside cells, enable neurons to transmit signals quickly and efficiently. In the immune system, droplets of a danger-sensing enzyme trigger an immune response by generating signals that launch defense mechanisms.
The University of Hong Kong research team developed a C-reactive protein sensor integrated onto a medical catheter, enabling real-time CRP sensing with a thickness less than one micrometer. This allows doctors to take immediate actions, speeding up testing and curing of inflammation by 30 times.
A study by NC State University researchers reveals that brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), a neurotransmitter involved in itching sensations, plays no role in pain transmission. This finding could lead to the development of specific drugs or therapies to block pain signals closer to their source.
Researchers have visualized the intricate three-dimensional structure of three neural proteins and discovered their surprising cooperation in releasing chemical messages. The study suggests that the complex interaction locks down the SNARE proteins, requiring synchronization of neurotransmitter release.
Researchers at MPFI uncovered the role of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in determining neurotransmitter release and brain function. The team developed new methods to directly monitor channel impact, revealing a previously unknown region of the alpha subunit controlling channel positioning.
Researchers elucidate mechanisms behind synaptic vesicle motion, finding that type, size of synapse and vesicle composition impact motility. Tracking vesicles reveals active transport to specific destinations, providing clues for neuronal diseases.
Researchers found that a single docking site uses a single cluster of calcium channels and that both numbers change with brain age, establishing the first clear link between morphology and function of docking sites.
A Penn expert is investigating the neurological basis of loss of smell, which can be an early indicator of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The researcher found evidence suggesting damage to neurotransmitter and neuromodulator receptors in the forebrain may be a common factor behind smell loss.
Researchers at the University of Buffalo discovered that short-term hearing loss can cause auditory nerve cells to change their behavior and shape. The study found that these changes are related to neurotransmitters, with cells depleting their reserves and decreasing vesicle storage space when it's quiet.
Researchers have successfully developed three novel approaches to restoring vision in individuals with severe eye injuries. Dr. Rizzo's team aims to bypass the damaged optic nerve, while Dr. Weitz's team focuses on generating precise images without causing inaccurate visual field distortions. Meanwhile, Dr. Kao explores using optical p...
Gasotransmitters, such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, play a crucial role in regulating human behavior, neurophysiological processes, and mental disorders. These gaseous substances are produced by both the host cells and gut microorganisms, influencing energy metabolism, immune function, and cognitive activities.
University of Utah researchers discovered how certain brain cells compute sound length and detect short sounds. The study found that for a frog brain cell to recognize a short sound, it is inhibited from firing while the sound occurs, then excited into firing when the sound ends.
A new study reveals GIT proteins as critical presynaptic regulators of synaptic strength, uncovering previously unknown roles in regulating neurotransmitter release. This finding has significant implications for understanding neuronal communication and the development of neurological diseases.
MIT neuroscientists have discovered a new way that the brain strengthens connections between neurons. The presynaptic neuron plays a crucial role in this process, releasing neurotransmitters to stimulate growth of new connections and enhancing synaptic function.
Researchers have identified an age-related cause of arterial dysfunction, finding that older arteries have fewer sensory nerves and are less sensitive to a key neurotransmitter. This discovery could lead to future treatments for age-related vascular diseases such as stroke and cardiovascular disease.
Researchers have mapped the 3-D atomic structure of a two-part protein complex that controls the release of neurotransmitters from brain cells. This discovery could help launch new research on drugs for treating brain disorders such as depression, schizophrenia and anxiety.
A study by Northwestern University researchers found an intrinsic biological difference in the molecular regulation of synapses in the hippocampus between males and females. The drug URB-597 increased inhibitory effect in females, causing a decrease in neurotransmitter release, but had no effect in males.
Research found that prolonged noise exposure alters cells connected to the brain in mice, enabling them to conserve neurotransmitters and better cope with loud conditions. The cells also changed their structure to increase storage capacity for these chemicals.
Scientists at OIST Graduate University have determined that distance from calcium channels to vesicles impacts neuron's signaling precision. As rat subjects mature, the distance between gated channels and vesicles shrinks, increasing signal efficiency by 30%.
Researchers at OIST Graduate University found that extrasynaptic receptors are essential for establishing a plateau in the membrane potential of neurons, allowing them to signal more effectively. Blocking these receptors with memantine reduces the frequency and synchrony of neural activity.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute discover that neurotransmitter vesicles are already in close contact with the cell membrane before fusion occurs. This discovery provides insight into how synapses rapidly transmit information and could lead to new medical research benefits.
Alpha-synuclein regulates neuronal communication by self-association, clustering synaptic vesicles and restricting neurotransmission to manage communication. This newfound understanding may be critical for therapeutic interventions targeting alpha-synuclein levels and activity in Parkinson's disease.
Researchers found that anandamide, a cannabinoid compound, directly causes Ca2+ influx and triggers an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The study discovered two independent mechanisms involving protein kinase C signaling pathway for anandamide's inhibitory effects on voltage-gated calcium channels.
A new study published in PNAS reveals how the GAD65 protein changes shape when activated, potentially linking it to type 1 diabetes. The research found that antibodies interact with the protein differently depending on its state, which may affect vaccine development for the disease.
A study by Columbia University Medical Center researchers found that miniature neurotransmission regulates synapse development and contributes to the growth of synapses. The findings suggest that abnormalities in this process may contribute to neurodevelopmental diseases.
Researchers discovered ultrafast recycling of synaptic vesicles in nerve cells, allowing for rapid signal transmission and potentially protecting against neurodegenerative diseases. This process enables the brain and muscles to function continuously without interruption.
Researchers at the University of Bristol discovered that a specific protein called RIM1α is modified by SUMO, acting as a 'molecular switch' to regulate neurotransmitter release. This finding has implications for understanding neurological disorders such as epilepsy and schizophrenia.