Articles tagged with Bones
Research reveals that major increases in environmental moisture caused widespread glacial-age grasslands to be replaced by peatlands and bogs, fragmenting populations of large herbivore grazers. The study found distinctive biochemical signals reflecting massive increases of moisture on the landscape.
A new species, Teleocrater rhadinus, discovered in Tanzania, has a long neck and tail, but walks on four legs like a crocodile. The finding sheds light on the distribution and diversity of ancestors of birds, crocodiles, and dinosaurs.
A HKU palaeontologist and his team reconstructed the first highly detailed body outline of a feathered dinosaur using high-definition images of its preserved soft tissues. The technique, known as Laser-stimulated fluorescence (LSF), reveals the shape of the dinosaur's wings, legs and foot scales with unprecedented detail.
The Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging has published appropriate use criteria (AUC) for bone scintigraphy in patients with prostate or breast cancer. The new AUC aim to improve healthcare outcomes by making the use of bone scintigraphy more consistent and reducing unnecessary imaging costs.
Researchers from Russia and US collaborate on radiocarbon dating of ancient porcupine fossils, revealing a 40,000-year-old record in the Urals. The study shows thermophilic porcupines disappeared from the region around 27,000 years ago due to climate change.
New research finds that lead bullets used at shooting ranges can cause serious health problems, particularly for women of child-bearing age. The study suggests a transition to copper bullets and lead-free primers is necessary to mitigate these risks.
A recent study found that high-calorie diets cause similar levels of bone loss in mice regardless of fat content. Glucocorticoid signaling in the skeleton plays a crucial role in diet-induced metabolic disturbances. Disrupting this signaling pathway may protect against obesity and related health issues.
A team of researchers has discovered a unique assemblage of prehistoric artefacts, including disc-shaped beads and pendant objects, dated to between 30,000 to 22,000 years ago. The findings challenge the theory that Pleistocene human culture declined in sophistication as Homo sapiens ventured beyond India into Southeast Asia.
A new measurement technique has reanalyzed vitamin D levels and lowered the estimated Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) from 800 to 400 International Units (IU) per day. This change may have significant public health implications, with easier-to-achieve daily intake of 400 IU recommended.
A study found that prolonged sleep disturbance can lead to reduced bone formation and increased osteoporosis risk. After three weeks of cumulative sleep restriction, healthy men had lower levels of a bone formation marker, indicating a potential bone loss window.
A decorated raven bone from the Zaskalnaya VI site in Crimea features two intentionally made notches, suggesting a visually consistent pattern. Researchers believe these modifications may have been symbolic additions used by Neanderthals to display a specific design.
Researchers discovered that clusters of specialized skin cells migrate over reforming bones and escort bone cells into the right positions to form a branched skeletal network. The process is driven by Sonic hedgehog protein, which interacts with bone-building cells to promote bone patterning.
Scientists analyzed seabird bones to find evidence of a significant change in the North Pacific's food web, likely caused by human activities such as industrial fishing. The study found that petrels' trophic level had declined over time, suggesting a shift in the structure of the ocean's ecosystem.
A new study by UBC researchers found that inactive teenagers have weaker bones than their active peers. The four-year study measured bone strength and found that kids who didn't meet daily physical activity recommendations had significantly weaker bones.
A large study of 309 adolescent boys and girls found that moderate to intense physical activity during growth spurt years significantly increases bone mass and strength. The study suggests a balance between physical activity and recovery time is needed to enhance bone health.
A study published by Pamela Hinton at the University of Missouri-Columbia found that weight-bearing exercises decrease sclerostin, a protein made in the bone, and increase IGF-1, a hormone associated with bone growth, promoting bone formation and increasing bone density.
Analysis of isotopes in bones and teeth from fifth-century cemeteries reveals hybridity among nomads and settlers, suggesting cooperation and coexistence. This challenges the traditional narrative of the Huns' violent attacks on settlements on the edge of the Roman Empire.
Researchers discovered that pre-menopausal South Asian women have higher levels of 'urinary N terminal telopeptide', indicating elevated bone resorption, making them more susceptible to osteoporosis and fractures. Fluctuating Vitamin D levels were also linked to increased bone resorption in white Caucasian women.
Researchers found that whole body vibration reduced body fat, improved insulin resistance, and increased muscle and bone strength in a mouse model of morbid obesity and diabetes. Circulating osteocalcin levels also rose, indicating potential benefits for glucose regulation.
Researchers found whole-body vibration (WBV) to be as effective as regular exercise in improving bone formation and insulin sensitivity in obese mice. WBV was shown to mimic the metabolic effects of exercise, with benefits seen in both genetically normal and obese mice.
A WSU researcher has discovered that activated enzyme MAOA facilitates the spread of prostate cancer to bones by activating osteoclasts and enhancing bone degradation. Treatment targeting this enzyme shows promise in reducing bone metastasis.
A new study introduces a steel alloy with a laminated nanosubstructure, inspired by bone structure, which is more resistant to cracking under repeated stress. This development has potential to improve the safety of buildings and components that experience cyclic loads.
Adults over 60 years old face a significantly increased risk of death following a pelvic fracture, particularly within the first four weeks. The study emphasizes the severity of these fractures and highlights the need for improved preventive strategies to reduce mortality rates.
Researchers at Columbia University Medical Center have discovered a bone-derived hormone that regulates food intake and blood sugar. The study found that the hormone, lipocalin 2, turns on brain neurons involved in appetite suppression, potentially leading to new targeted therapies for obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Early Mesolithic humans practiced selective hunting to conserve certain species, such as red deer, and hunted wild boars independently of age. A fish fermentation facility at the settlement revealed a more settled community than previously believed
Researchers at Tufts University found that exercise-induced irisin increases bone formation and thickness in mice, mimicking the effects of exercise on the skeletal system. The study suggests a potential new mechanism for regulating bone metabolism.
Scientists discover a tissue layer with extremely thin protein fibers at the interface between tendons and bones, explaining why athletes can withstand tremendous loads without damaging the bond. This breakthrough could lead to innovative connections in material research and tumour surgery.
A panel of international experts recommends abandoning the costly and ineffective treatment, citing a lack of benefit for outcomes important to patients. The guideline advises against using ultrasound therapy for bone healing after fracture, suggesting future research focus on other interventions that may speed up healing.
Researchers from Stanford University review biomimetic strategies to heal bone defects, focusing on cell transplantation and grafts based on soluble bone minerals or structural proteins. The study highlights the potential of biomimetics in regenerative medicine.
A new review identifies four main themes addressing gaps in osteoporosis care, including public awareness, reimbursement, and epidemiology. The authors stress the need for increased implementation of systematic approaches to prevent secondary fractures and improved management of patients with medicines negatively affecting bone health.
Long-term bisphosphonate therapy for Paget's disease of bone found no significant clinical benefits, increasing fracture risk instead.
Researchers have developed silver ion-coated scaffolds that can slow the spread of MRSA and even regenerate new bone. The biodegradable scaffolds were seeded with stem cells and found to inhibit MRSA while supporting bone tissue formation, offering a potential solution for treating osteomyelitis.
A new method of repairing injured bone using stem cells from human bone marrow and a carbon material with photocatalytic properties has been developed. The research team found that the material accelerates bone regeneration by activating key transcription factors, leading to increased osteoblast differentiation.
Researchers estimate dinosaur age by analyzing bone structures and repair procedures, with a similar process occurring in humans. The study's findings have implications for understanding the natural life span of dinosaurs.
Researchers discovered lipocalin-2 and prolactin proteins regulate mesenchymal stem cell activity in the lab and in mice with calvarial defects. This discovery aims to improve culture conditions for growing bone cells and develop therapies for bone repair.
The Endocrine Society has honored 21 outstanding researchers with the Early Investigators Award, recognizing their contributions to endocrine research and women's health. The award recognizes achievements in metabolic bone research, women's health, menopause, and endocrine disorders.
The IOF-ECTS Position Paper proposes measuring specific bone turnover markers to detect low adherence to oral bisphosphonates, a common issue in chronic diseases. This early identification enables discussion and intervention with patients, potentially improving treatment efficacy.
Researchers at the University of Missouri found that limiting maternal myostatin levels improved bone strength and density in mice with osteogenesis imperfecta. The study suggests a potential therapeutic approach to treating brittle bone disease.
A new study suggests that an anti-inflammatory diet rich in vegetables, fruits, fish, and whole grains can help prevent bone loss and fractures in post-menopausal white women younger than 63. The researchers found a correlation between lower-inflammatory diets and lower risk of hip fracture in this subgroup.
Researchers found that medaka fish lose bone density rapidly in space due to microgravity, which affects osteoclasts and osteoblasts differently than on Earth. The study suggests the participation of NO-GCR signal pathway in microgravity stress.
A 1-year football training program significantly reduces blood pressure, body fat percentage, and improves bone density in women with mildly high blood pressure. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of Football Fitness as a broad-spectrum medicine for women with high blood pressure.
A new method of repairing injured bones using stem cells and a carbon material with photocatalytic properties has been developed, showing promising results in accelerating bone regeneration. The technique uses red-light absorbing carbon nitride sheets to activate key transcription factors associated with osteoblast differentiation.
Researchers have revised the earliest known human settlement in North America to 24,000 years ago based on new radiocarbon dating from the Bluefish Caves in Yukon. The findings confirm the 'Beringian standstill hypothesis' suggesting that humans inhabited Eastern Beringia during the last ice age.
Researchers are conducting a £1.5 million trial to test two therapies on 390 people with Osteogenesis Imperfecta, aiming to reduce fracture risk. The six-year study will track participants for five years to assess the combination of teriparatide and zoledronic acid.
Researchers found immediate changes in gene expression of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in medaka fish exposed to microgravity. The study suggests a new area of research in gravitational biology, exploring the molecular mechanisms behind bone structure changes.
Researchers developed biocompatible scaffolds with controlled-release silver ions to inhibit MRSA bone infection. The antimicrobial properties of silver combined with bone-forming stem cells offer a potential implant system for treating and preventing bone infections.
Researchers linked RBC size to oxygen delivery efficiency in extinct mammals and birds using fossilizable indicators. They found that these organisms had smaller RBCs and were likely better athletes than earlier terrestrial vertebrates.
A new study found that consuming gelatin supplements combined with intense exercise can improve collagen synthesis and strengthen engineered lab-grown ligaments. The research suggests a potential role for gelatin and vitamin C in injury prevention and tissue repair.
The current approaches to preventing hip fractures have shown limited efficacy, with only a 50% reduction in risk. A new review suggests exploring complementary approaches and surgical interventions for patients at high risk, including prophylactic nailing and bone grafting.
Scientists have identified over a dozen genes linked to bone density and strength, using a novel approach that could speed up the development of new osteoporosis treatments. By mapping these genes onto existing genome-wide association study locations, researchers predicted 33 genes controlling bone mineral density.
Researchers at Kazan University have developed a novel gene therapy approach that combines demineralized bone with genetic material to stimulate blood vessel and bone growth. The treatment shows promise in treating pseudarthrosis and other bone defects, with plans to offer innovative treatments at the Kazan University Clinic.
Brown University's XROMM technology has been upgraded with new software and fluoromicrometry methods, allowing researchers to track muscle contractions and bone movements with precision. This advancement has led to discoveries such as the use of body muscles to power swimming in fish.
A UBC study shows that targeted email messages can increase calcium intake among Canadians, with participants consuming an extra 200mg of calcium per day. The research highlights the effectiveness of providing salient information and relevant strategies to promote healthy habits on a limited budget.
A recent study found that obesity in adolescence is associated with weakened bone structure, including increased cortical porosity and decreased trabecular density. This suggests that adolescents with high visceral fat mass and low muscle mass are at risk for permanent bone loss.
A new study found that small calcium deposits in fetal membranes may cause preterm births, which could be prevented through dietary changes. Researchers identified a link between calciprotein particles and the development of osteoblasts in fetal membrane tissue.
Researchers have found that suppressing a bone-specific protein via its neutralizing antibody can alleviate radiation-induced bone loss in an animal model. Weekly treatment with the protein blockage accelerated DNA repair and protected bone cells from turning into fat cells.
Breast cancer cells may use mesenchymal stem cells in bone marrow to spread to bone tissue. A study using a 3D scaffold model found that tumor-derived factors can promote maturation of MSCs into bone cells, with mechanical compression stimulating further bone development.
Archaeologists have discovered the oldest known physical evidence for chickens in Africa, dating back over 2,700 years. The discovery sheds new light on how domesticated chickens were introduced to Africa via trade routes along the Red Sea and East African coast.
Research shows vitamin D engages with genes influencing longevity, slowing aging-related protein misfolding and increasing lifespan by 33%. The study provides a link between aging and disease, offering new insights into the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation.
A recent analysis of the ACTIVE trial results shows that abaloparatide-SC provides consistent protection against bone fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, regardless of baseline bone density or age. The therapy has been found to reduce fractures and increase bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.