Articles tagged with Bones
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A new study published in the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research found that older adults with type 2 diabetes have deficits in cortical bone microarchitecture, increasing their risk of fractures. This is particularly concerning for hip fractures, which are a significant public health problem.
A new treatment for osteoporosis has shown significant improvements in bone density and fracture protection. The study found that romosozumab reduced the risk of vertebral fractures by 48% and clinical fractures by 27%, offering better protection against fractures for high-risk patients.
Researchers discovered N-glycolyl groups in ancient fossils, suggesting a link between glycans and the evolutionary history of Homo genus in Africa. The study also found degradation of sialic acid led to selective incorporation into chondroitin sulfate in human tissues.
Researchers develop bone marrow models to study hematological and musculoskeletal disorders, focusing on regeneration and disease disturbance. The project aims to understand the relationship between blood and bone, leading to new regenerative therapies.
Researchers will investigate the role of Mustn1 in cartilage regeneration and skeletal repair using genetically altered mice. The study aims to elucidate a new protein family important for cartilage and bone biology.
A massive genetic study has identified 153 new gene variants linked to osteoporosis, which could lead to the development of a new treatment. The study found that removing a strongly implicated gene GPC6 in animal models resulted in increased bone thickness.
Researchers used an improved dating technique to date Neanderthal remains from Vindija Cave in Croatia. The dates obtained were significantly older than previously reported, pushing back the timeline of Neanderthal presence in Central Europe. This challenges previous theories about the coexistence of Neanderthals and modern humans.
Researchers at the University of British Columbia have developed a new osteoporosis treatment using a compound derived from red sage, selectively blocking Cathepsin K enzyme activity in bone tissue. This approach may prevent negative side effects associated with current treatments.
Researchers found that osteocytes, tiny bone cells with delicate membranes, experience membrane tears in response to mechanical loading. This tear triggers an increase in calcium levels, leading to bone remodeling and strengthening. The discovery sheds light on how bones adapt to gravity and physical activity.
Researchers discovered a causal link between senescent cells and age-related bone loss in mice. Targeting these cells increased bone mass and strength. The study's findings suggest that senolytic drugs may have widespread application in treating multiple chronic diseases, including osteoporosis.
A UBC Okanagan researcher has developed a new artificial bone design that can be customized and printed with a 3D printer. The designs strike a balance between porosity and strength, offering potential for more effective bone replacements.
Researchers discovered a blood marker that can predict the risk of bone fractures in postmenopausal women, independent of other measures. High levels of periostin protein fragments were found to be associated with an increased risk of fractures, suggesting they reflect additional bone properties.
A new chewing gum-based diagnostic test can detect inflammation in the oral cavity within five minutes, allowing for early diagnosis and treatment. The test uses bittering agents to identify inflammatory conditions, which can help prevent serious complications such as bone loss.
Researchers found intentional engraving on human bone from Gough's Cave, indicating a multi-stage cannibalistic ritual. The zig-zagging cuts hold symbolic connotations and represent an early example of cannibalistic funerary behavior.
Increases in bone marrow fat are associated with a decline in bone density after gastric bypass surgery, while improvements in blood sugar control are linked to reduced marrow fat levels. The study suggests that weight loss and blood sugar metabolism may influence bone health through changes in bone marrow fat.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that both bisphosphonates and denosumab improve bone mineral density in men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy. Further trials are needed to confirm fracture reduction outcomes.
A new study suggests a European stockfish trade existed for 1,000 years, with cod bones from Haithabu providing evidence of fish caught in northern Norway being consumed on mainland Europe. The findings support the idea that traded fish played a significant role in knitting the European continent together economically.
Scientists at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute propose a therapeutic strategy to suppress formation of bony tumors in multiple hereditary exostoses, a rare disease affecting 1 in 50,000 people. Researchers identify BMP signaling as the culprit and demonstrate success with an inhibitor compound.
Researchers analyzed human remains from 40 individuals at a 5000-year-old passage tomb complex, revealing evidence of dismemberment and cremation. The study suggests that the ancient Irish had a complex burial rite involving 'deconstruction' of the body to aid soul transition.
Researchers found that early exercise can alter the way bones metabolize energy from food, reducing inflammation-linked genes. This 'bone memory' effect persists into mid-life, setting up a healthier response to high-fat diets.
Researchers at Vetmeduni Vienna have identified bone lining cells as the primary target of oestrogen in regulating bone density and preventing pathological changes. The study found that oestrogen binding to these cells controls the expression of RANKL, a key factor in bone turnover.
A UTA professor has received a grant to design a biomedical device that stimulates bone growth and could be used to treat osteoporosis. The device aims to strengthen bones of people with low bone mass conditions.
A new study found that bone strength is an inherited measurement that can be used to identify genes important for skeletal health. High-resolution images allowed researchers to estimate bone strength, revealing a significant link between genetic determinants of bone mineral density and fracture risk.
A new study suggests bone strength is hereditary, with its genetic determinants similar to those affecting bone mineral density. This discovery has implications for understanding fracture risk and developing prevention strategies.
Researchers have identified a universal mechanism behind bone cell organization, revealing a quantitative framework to assess bone quality. The study shows that different bone types exhibit varying levels of connectivity but similar efficiency in intercellular transport and communication.
A study of over 2,500 women found that even brief bursts of high-intensity exercise, equivalent to a 1-2 minute run, can improve bone health. The research suggests that short periods of weight-bearing activity are more beneficial than longer continuous periods.
Researchers have identified a rare pterosaur pelvis in Alberta's Dinosaur Provincial Park, showing that these ancient reptiles were well adapted for walking on land. The study provides evidence that azhdarchids likely used their powerful hindlimbs to transport themselves on the ground.
A new study led by University of Pennsylvania researchers found a link between diabetes and changes in the oral microbiome, which increases pathogenicity and leads to inflammation and bone loss. The study showed that transferring the oral microbiome from diabetic mice to normal mice induced rapid bone loss.
Researchers at NYU College of Dentistry have identified succinate as a promising target to prevent bone fractures in people with type 2 diabetes. The study found that hyperglycemic mice had significantly higher levels of succinate, leading to more fragile bones and increased risk of fractures.
The late adolescent years are a critical period for bone growth, with 10% of bone mass continuing to accumulate after adult height is reached. A study found that bone mineral density develops at different rates in different parts of the skeleton, highlighting the importance of considering growth trajectories when interpreting data.
Researchers discovered that pain neurons produce CGRP, a neuropeptide that inhibits osteoclast and cytokine production, to suppress fungal inflammation. The study found that Jdp2 transcription factor is necessary for this immunosuppression and that pain neurons are more potent at producing CGRP in response to β-glucan than LPS.
Researchers have demonstrated a new therapeutic approach that can re-build and strengthen bone, offering hope for individuals with the debilitating bone cancer, multiple myeloma. The treatment targets a protein called sclerostin, which halts bone formation, and found to double bone volume in some mice.
Researchers have discovered that Pramel7 protein is responsible for maintaining embryonic stem cells' perfect pluripotency. This discovery holds promise for developing treatments for complex bone fractures.
A new study found that starting HIV treatment early is associated with accelerated bone loss of about 2-4%, which can increase the risk of fragility fractures. Despite this, the benefits of antiretroviral therapy in preventing HIV transmission and adverse health outcomes prevail.
A comprehensive review highlights the most effective treatment options for co-managing type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis. Researchers suggest using medications like Metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors to protect bone health. Meanwhile, insulin therapy is recommended for achieving glycemic control in patients with T2D and fractures.
The prevalence of daily supplemental vitamin D use above 1,000 IU increased from 0.3% in 1999-2000 to 18.2% in 2013-2014. Intake of 4,000 IU or more daily also rose, with 3.2% of participants using such supplements in 2013-2014. The trend was observed across most age groups, race/ethnicities, and sexes.
A new study reveals how mass wildebeest drownings impact the ecology of the Mara River. The research found that wildebeest carcasses provide a rich source of nutrients to the river's food web, supporting fish and scavenger populations. This subsidy delivers terrestrial nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon to the river.
Researchers found that dual-agent PET/MR with time of flight detects more bone metastases in breast and prostate cancer patients, improving detection accuracy and reducing radiation dose. The study used combined imaging agents <sup>18</sup> F-FDG and <sup>18</sup> F-NaF to enhance image quality.
Researchers found over 20,000 animal bones, stone tools, and portable art objects from 10 sedimentary layers spanning 28,000 to 50,000 years ago. This timeline provides evidence of modern human activity in Europe during a period of significant change in species behavior.
A new study from The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center reveals that female runners with a body mass index (BMI) of less than 19 are more likely to develop stress fractures. Lighter women who suffered stress fractures took longer to recover, highlighting the importance of maintaining a healthy BMI through resistance training.
A new study published in PeerJ introduces modern techniques to understand the landmark site's history, revealing that dinosaur bones were introduced to the deposit after death. The research suggests a combination of drought periods and flood events led to the accumulation of Allosaurus fossils, with environmental factors contributing t...
Aging stem cells lose their ability to make bone and muscle, leading to frailty and falls. Researchers are targeting the metabolite kynurenine and IDO inhibitors to reverse age-related damage and improve healthspan.
A recent genetic study has challenged long-held assumptions about the relationship between extinct and living elephant species. The research found that a species of giant elephant, Palaeoloxodon antiquus, is more closely related to African forest elephants than previously thought.
A recent study found that long-term bisphosphonate therapy did not significantly reduce the risk of bone fractures in older women. The research team examined data from over 5,000 women and discovered that those taking bisphosphonates for 10-13 years had higher fracture rates compared to shorter-term users.
Long-term malaria infections can cause chronic inflammation in the bone marrow, leading to increased bone resorption and substantial bone loss. Oral supplementation with alfacalcidol may reverse this side effect, suggesting a potential treatment strategy for improving bone health in malaria-infected individuals.
Researchers discovered that fish can modulate fin stiffness by applying a u-shaped curvature at the base of their fins, altering force generation on the water. This allows them to swim with varying speeds and maneuverability in different currents. The study's findings could inspire the design of more agile robotic swimmers.
A new study reveals that Teleocrater rhadinus, a 3-meter-long, crocodile-shaped dinosaur, challenges earlier hypotheses on early dinosaur evolution. The discovery suggests that the most ancient dinosaurs' ancestors were quadrupedal, contradicting the long-held image of bipedal, chicken-like creatures.
Researchers aim to genetically modify human bone marrow cells to produce more bone morphogenetic protein, a key factor in bone healing, to tackle challenging bone repairs such as extensive fractures and failed spinal fusions. The five-year grant will support the study's efficacy and safety assessment.
Researchers found that exercising burns fat in bone marrow, leading to improved bone health. The study suggests that exercise is beneficial even more so for obese individuals, who may experience greater bone formation and strength.
Researchers found T. rex could generate forces equal to three small cars while simultaneously applying world-record tooth pressures. The dinosaur's long conical teeth allowed it to drive open cracks in bone and produce catastrophic explosions.
Researchers have developed a novel gene therapy method that utilizes microbubbles and ultrasound to promote bone growth and healing in nonunion fractures. The technique, which involves injecting genetic material for a bone growth factor into the affected area, has been shown to completely heal broken bones in pigs within eight weeks.
Researchers at UPV/EHU develop biodegradable gelatin scaffolds that release growth factors to promote bone tissue regeneration. The scaffolds successfully imitate the body's natural processes, including protein release profiles and angiogenesis.
The study analyzed umbilical cord tissue from 669 babies and found a link between higher DNA methylation in the CDKN2A gene and lower bone mass at four and six years. This suggests that epigenetic modifications early in life may play a role in determining skeletal growth.
A new study found that elite rowers who engage in intense training sessions without adequate recovery periods may experience decreased osteoprotegerin levels and increased inflammation, leading to potential bone loss. The research suggests that very intense training without sufficient rest can compromise bone health.
The International Osteoporosis Foundation has released new position statement guidelines for managing aromatase-inhibitor related bone loss in breast cancer patients. The guidelines recommend regular assessment of fracture risk, calcium/vitamin D supplementation, and bone-directed therapy to prevent fractures and improve bone health.
Researchers developed a laboratory technique to test the effectiveness of treatments for breast cancer metastases in bone, mimicking interactions between cancer cells and bone cells. The 'bone-in culture array' model found that danusertib inhibits bone metastasis while other drugs stimulate growth of slow-growing cancer cells.
A study by Vanderbilt University researchers reveals that man-eating lions' actions were not driven by desperation, but rather a solution to a problem. The analysis found that the lions' teeth showed wear patterns similar to those of zoo lions fed soft foods.
A new study analyzing the teeth of Tsavo's famous man-eaters reveals that dental disease played a significant role in their unusual behavior. The researchers found that the lions' teeth showed less wear and tear than expected, contradicting the hypothesis that they turned to human prey due to food shortages.
Research reveals that major increases in environmental moisture caused widespread glacial-age grasslands to be replaced by peatlands and bogs, fragmenting populations of large herbivore grazers. The study found distinctive biochemical signals reflecting massive increases of moisture on the landscape.
A new species, Teleocrater rhadinus, discovered in Tanzania, has a long neck and tail, but walks on four legs like a crocodile. The finding sheds light on the distribution and diversity of ancestors of birds, crocodiles, and dinosaurs.