Articles tagged with Bones
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study by University of Exeter researchers found that older mangrove rivulus fish can jump significantly further than younger ones. The study revealed that age itself was the most closely linked factor to jumping distance, contradicting previous findings.
Researchers discovered six new species of pterosaurs with remarkable diversity in size and shape, contradicting previous studies that suggested a decline before the mass extinction. The fossils date to just over 66 million years ago, revealing that these flying reptiles dominated the skies until their extinction.
Researchers used synchrotron microtomography to reveal that Archaeopteryx had adaptations similar to those of modern flying birds, suggesting it could have flown actively. This discovery provides insight into the early evolution of dinosaurian flight and challenges previous assumptions about its lifestyle.
Researchers found that calcium deposits in large arteries increased the risk of heart attacks and mortality. The study suggests bone density tests can also screen for cardiovascular disease, making them a valuable tool in screening.
A University at Buffalo study found that the absence of protein tristetraprolin (TTP) leads to rapid bone loss in mice, with oral bone loss increasing by nearly 20% over nine months. Overexpressing TTP reduced bone turnover by 13%. The research has implications for managing bone health in the elderly.
Mark C. Gebhardt, MD, is recognized for his efforts to increase diversity in orthopaedics, particularly among women and minority groups. He has mentored numerous medical students and residents, and advocates for recruiting and hiring diverse talent into the field.
Researchers found a correlation between flying following hip or knee arthroplasty and an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. VTE is a serious complication that can follow these surgeries, with 10 million cases occurring annually worldwide.
Children with vitamin D deficiency are at a higher risk of having more severe forearm fractures requiring surgical treatment. A new study found that 21% of patients were deficient and 49% had insufficiency, with those treated surgically having a significantly higher incidence rate.
The study projects a significant increase in total joint replacement procedures, with primary THR expected to grow 171% by 2030 and 330% by 2060. Revision TJR procedures are also expected to rise, particularly for TKR, which has been slowing its growth rate since 2008.
A study found that patients undergoing elective total hip arthroplasty (THA) have a slightly improved survival rate compared to the general population. After ten years, higher survival rates were observed among THA patients, particularly those with primary osteoarthritis.
A large randomized controlled trial found screening using FRAX calculator and bone density measurements to be highly cost-effective in preventing osteoporosis-related fractures. The study showed significant savings due to prevention of all fractures, including hip fractures.
Researchers found a connection between oxygen deprivation in bone cells and abnormally heavy bones, as well as low glucose levels. This discovery may lead to new treatments for conditions like osteoporosis, diabetes, and obesity.
A study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine found that ball games and circuit strength training increased bone density by 44% and 46%, respectively, in children aged 8-10. These exercises also improved muscular strength and balance, reducing the risk of osteoporosis later in life.
A possible treatment for Hajdu-Cheney syndrome has been identified, which may also help with age-related osteoporosis. Researchers found that a medication called DAPT blocks osteoclast formation, reversing bone loss in mice with the disease.
Researchers recreated prehistoric projectiles and points from ancient sites in Alaska to understand technological choices made by early humans. The study found that composite microblade points were more effective on smaller prey, while stone and bone points had strengths for larger game.
Dr. Treena Arinzeh's bioactive composite matrix is designed to work alone or with patient's own bone marrow to repair bone defects, offering improved cell attachment, bone ingrowth and formation. The technology aims to reduce recovery time and cost associated with bone grafts.
Researchers found that initial bone parameters significantly correlate with the risk of fracture in postmenopausal women. Peak bone mass and density appear to play a more crucial role in fragility fractures than previously thought.
A new study from the University of Utah suggests that repeated stress from everyday activities like walking can cause microdamage to bones in older adults, leading to a higher risk of breakage. This theory, known as 'cyclic loading,' challenges the common-held belief that bone breaks are caused by single impacts or forces.
Scientists at ICN2 have found that bone's mineral component exhibits flexoelectricity, which triggers the bone repair process. This effect is localized to the tip of microfractures and signals to osteoblasts where damage needs repair.
Researchers develop optimized titanium-mesh scaffolds that promote faster and more effective bone regeneration. The study found that softer implants enhanced healing, with results applicable to various types of bone defects.
Researchers have developed a simplified musculoskeletal model that uses network science to predict how injuries in one area of the body can lead to increased strain on other areas. The model could help clinicians and physical therapists develop new treatments for injury prevention and management.
Researchers uncovered the origins of domesticated turkeys in ancient Mexico, finding they were valued for their cultural significance rather than just for meat. The study suggests a thriving turkey trade along Mesoamerica's expanding trade routes.
Researchers at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg found that a fiber-rich diet can reduce arthritis symptoms by changing the intestinal bacteria and increasing short-chained fatty acids. These fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties and can help slow bone degradation.
Pooled data from 14 osteoporosis clinical trials indicate that reduced bone turnover markers are associated with lower vertebral fracture risks. The findings may aid in developing anti-resorptive drugs by optimizing dose and treatment schedules.
A new study published in Journal of Bone and Mineral Research found that more than 80% of bone loss in post-menopausal women is due to cortical bone, not trabecular. Cortical bone loss is likely to contribute to the occurrence of fractures in these women.
A new study found that an individual's history of past falls can significantly increase their risk of a new fracture. Even after accounting for FRAX and bone mineral density tests, past falls were associated with a 63%-71% increased risk of a new fracture occurring.
Researchers found that genes can be activated in human stem cells to initiate biomineralization, a key step in bone formation. The study used engineered silk derived from golden orb weaver spider webs and supercomputers Stampede1 and Comet to model the folding of proteins and predict osteogenesis.
A Loyola Medicine study found nearly four out of five diabetic patients with severe Charcot foot were able to walk normally after surgery. The study used a stricter standard for treatment success, with 77.6% of patients meeting the criteria, and Dr. Pinzur's Ilizarov circular external fixator technique showed promising results.
A recent study published in The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery found that outpatient total knee replacement surgery is associated with a higher risk of certain complications, including infections, repeat surgery, and blood clots. Patients undergoing outpatient TKA were more likely to experience joint-related complications and medical ...
The oldest plesiosaur, Rhaeticosaurus mertensi, was a strong swimmer with modified limbs and a short tail. It had a streamlined neck and powerful muscles to propel itself through the water.
Researchers have developed a one-stage technology for producing artificial nano-hydroxyapatite with increased biocompatibility and controllable properties. The material can be used in orthopedics, pharmaceuticals, aesthetic medicine and coatings for medical devices.
Researchers developed an antibody called 15D11 that blocks Jagged1, a molecule making it easier for breast cancer cells to metastasize to bone. The antibody allows chemotherapy to keep cancer at bay by eliminating the protective effect of rebuilders in bone tissue.
A new study published in Scientific Reports found that monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) plays a crucial role in bone loss responses to parathyroid hormone (PTH) in hyperparathyroidism. Elevated MCP-1 levels have been correlated with elevated serum PTH levels, and its presence may serve as a marker for PTH's effects in humans.
A team led by Purdue University anthropology professor Erik Otárola-Castillo used 3D imaging, shape analysis, and Bayesian statistics to accurately measure animal bone cut marks with an 88 percent success rate. This technique improves upon existing archaeological methods, enabling a more accurate understanding of human evolution.
Researchers created customized prosthetic replacements for damaged middle ear parts using CT scans and 3-D printing. The technique has the potential to reduce high failure rates of surgical procedures. Custom-designed implants can improve hearing outcomes by providing a more exact fit, decreasing surgical time.
Research from Umea University shows that jawbone loss caused by periodontitis precedes and correlates with rheumatoid arthritis. Elevated levels of RANKL in the blood also indicate a causal link between the two conditions.
A recent study of 27,940 Chinese newborns found that low vitamin D levels at birth were associated with a higher risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) at age 3. The risk was significantly increased in each lower quartile of vitamin D level compared to the highest quartile.
CVDVale's technology enables the use of ultrasonic drills without anesthesia in 70% of cases, allowing for faster and less painful dental procedures. The company's innovative approach to synthetic diamond production has also expanded its applications to orthopedic surgeries.
The LAB-IN-A-BOX portable DNA barcoding kit enables rapid species identification, improving enforcement responses against wildlife trafficking and invasive species. This technology has the potential to greatly impact conservation efforts in developing countries.
Researchers developed a bone-targeted nanoparticle that delivers chemotherapy directly to bone lesions, reducing tumor size and pain. The targeted nanoparticles showed a strong burst release of cabazitaxel and increased binding to bone compared to non-targeted nanoparticles.
A new study found that exposure to air pollution is associated with osteoporosis-related bone fractures, particularly in low-income communities. The researchers suggest that reducing air pollution could help prevent these fractures and improve bone health.
Researchers have discovered a method to identify Vitamin D deficiency through dental X-ray images. The study found that the shape of the pulp horn in a tooth can indicate prior deficiency, allowing for early detection and prevention of related bone health issues.
Bone infection can be debilitating and potentially fatal. Researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center are advancing new treatments for bone infections by understanding how bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus evade treatment and developing new antibiotics to target those mechanisms.
A new study reveals that a population of progenitor cells, marked by high expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9, provides osteoblasts during bone regeneration. These cells are derived from embryonic somites and reserved in niches of bone-forming tissues in adult animals.
A recent study discovered that a bone hormone called osteocalcin regulates appetite and energy expenditure. Researchers found that removing an enzyme responsible for activating osteocalcin reduced mice's appetite and increased blood glucose levels.
Studies found that female athletes in track and field experienced more bone stress injuries and tendon abnormalities than other Olympic events. Researchers recommend early MRI imaging for early detection of bone stress reactions and pre-competition screening data for chronic lesion detection.
A systematic review by the International Osteoporosis Foundation reveals low dietary calcium intake in many Asian and Latin American countries, with the lowest average intake found among China, India, and Indonesia. The study emphasizes the need for increased calcium consumption to promote bone health in these regions.
A new study shows that guppies in low-predation environments, where food is scarce, gestate their young for a longer period to ensure they are born more mature and better equipped to compete for food. This strategy allows them to capitalize on the limited resources available.
Researchers found that Rapamycin significantly reduces heterotopic ossification (HO) in rats, mimicking blast-related limb injury, and decreases progenitor cells and gene expression associated with abnormal bone formation. The treatment has potential as a prophylactic strategy to prevent HO in combat casualties and civilians.
A 120-million-year-old bird specimen from the Early Cretaceous exhibits high skeletal fusion in manus and pelvis bones, features rare in most known birds from that era. Osteohistological analysis indicates that the bird reached maturity in approximately one year, similar to modern birds.
Researchers are developing a 'lab-on-a-chip' platform to study cellular communication in bone remodeling, aiming to improve our understanding of bone health and disease. The platform could also be used to test medications meant to halt bone loss, offering a potential solution for osteoporosis and related conditions.
A new study found that high-intensity resistance and impact training for just 30 minutes, twice a week, improved bone density and structure in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. The exercise program was also associated with enhanced functional performance and reduced risk of osteoporotic fracture.
A 35-million-year-old salamander fossil from France has yielded a unique glimpse into the life of an ancient creature. Researchers have successfully imaged the internal anatomy of the specimen using advanced x-ray imaging techniques, revealing that it fed on frogs - a rare food source for salamanders.
Researchers at the University of Birmingham have discovered a novel approach to tissue regeneration, utilizing extracellular vesicles to stimulate cell production and facilitate tissue repair. The study shows promise in treating bone fractures, osteoporosis, and cartilage damage, with potential applications for widespread use.
A new study analyzing medieval skeletons found that contracting leprosy increased a person's chances of dying, but social status and sex also played roles. The researchers created a model to explore morbidity and mortality through a unique data set, shedding light on the complexities of the disease in the past.
Researchers found significant differences in diet between those buried in dolmens and caves, suggesting possible socioeconomic differences. The study used stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to analyze bone collagen and found a more diverse diet in cave burials.
Researchers found that saber-toothed kittens were born with more robust bones compared to other felines, contrary to expectations. The study suggests that the growth of feline species is tightly constrained, even among species with distinct bone structures.
Researchers found that treating donor grafts with bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMC) before surgery improves bone integration and speeds recovery in biologic joint restoration surgeries. BMC pretreatment resulted in 43% bone integration at six weeks, compared to 25% of untreated grafts.
A new study found that individuals with type 2 diabetes may experience modest deficits in cortical bone, which can increase the risk of fractures. The research highlights the importance of addressing skeletal deficits in individuals with diabetes to reduce fracture risk.
A new study published in the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research found that older adults with type 2 diabetes have deficits in cortical bone microarchitecture, increasing their risk of fractures. This is particularly concerning for hip fractures, which are a significant public health problem.