Articles tagged with Bones
The ancient archosaur Smok wawelski exhibited bone-crushing behavior, consuming prey bones for their salt and marrow content. Researchers linked coprolites to the species through synchrotron microtomography and found crushed teeth and bite-marked bones.
Researchers at RCSI have developed a new treatment for osteomyelitis using a copper-rich glass implant. The implant attracts blood vessels and bone cells, accelerating bone repair and preventing bacterial growth. This breakthrough treatment has the potential to reduce antibiotic use and improve outcomes for patients with bone infections.
Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine suggest narrow searcher spacing and double passes can increase detection rates. This new methodology aims to improve the recovery of skeletal remains, making it easier to find missing individuals.
Researchers studying opioid addiction effects on bones are exploring how it impacts microscopic bone structures used to estimate age-at-death. Opioids upset the balance of bone remodeling towards more destruction and less formation of bone, leading to severely compromised age-at-death estimates.
Scientists use 3D printing to create articular cartilage and subchondral bone from mesenchymal stem cells. This technique shows promise in repairing osteochondral defects in mini-pigs' knees.
Researchers discovered that white blood cells respond to microparticles from prosthetic devices as harmful invaders and engulf them, leading to inflammation, tissue damage, and bone destruction. The study may lead to new therapies to reduce pain and prevent follow-up surgery for joint replacement patients.
Researchers have made a groundbreaking finding that blocking specific brain signals in female mice can lead to enhanced bone growth, resulting in stronger bones and reduced risk of osteoporosis. This discovery has the potential to develop new treatments for women and older individuals with fragile bones.
Researchers at Medical University of South Carolina found that antibiotic disruption of the gut microbiome leads to increased osteoclast activity, dysregulating post-pubertal skeletal development. The study also revealed changes in immune cell populations, including an increase in myeloid-derived suppressor cells.
Researchers have discovered that dry-cured ham bones contain peptides with cardioprotective effects, inhibiting enzymes involved in cardiovascular disease. The use of ham bones to make broths and stews could have a positive impact on cardiovascular health.
Researchers have identified two functional populations of hematopoietic stem cells: 'primed' and 'reserve', which act under normal conditions and during times of stress, respectively. The reserve cells are protected by N-cadherin+ bone-lining cells, which provide survival factors to support their function.
A new study from the University of Copenhagen suggests that early dogs helped humans hunt smaller prey like hares and foxes, driving them into enclosures. This technique may have led to an increase in hare populations at the site of Shubayqa 6 in northeast Jordan.
A new study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that vitamin D supplements have no significant impact on bone mineral density or falls among older adults. However, higher doses may improve bone metabolism and be safe for those over 70.
Researchers at North Carolina State University and the University of South Florida found significant flaws in forensic software DXAGE, which estimates age-at-death based on bone mineral density. The software's accuracy was off by an average of 14.25 years for women who died between 30s and 70s.
Researchers have identified a surprising role for brain cells in controlling bone density, suggesting a new approach to preventing osteoporosis. Blocking estrogen signals in the brain causes female mice to build extraordinarily strong bones and maintain them into old age.
Researchers from Skoltech and MIPT analyzed the protein and lipid composition of a Siberian mammoth bone, identifying 98 proteins and 73 lipids. The study provides insights into the mammoth's diet, health, and nervous system development, complementing paleogenomics and paleoproteomics.
Researchers have created an atlas of genetic factors associated with estimated bone mineral density, explaining 20% of the genetic variance linked to osteoporosis. The study identifies over 500 genetic determinants, providing promising targets for novel therapeutics to prevent or treat the disease.
Biofabricated tissues with micropores allow for efficient nutrient and oxygen diffusion, enabling the growth of larger tissue samples. The novel approach uses stem cells derived from human fat and sodium alginate porogens to create porous tissue strands that can be implanted in bone or cartilage defects.
Researchers will assess bone strength and nutrition among men and women in the Boston area to develop interventions for preventing bone loss and fracture risk. The study aims to provide insight into the impact of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on bone health.
Researchers found children born in the 1990s are reaching skeletal maturity faster than those born in the 1930s. The 'new normal' for bone maturity timing directly impacts pediatric orthopaedic care for conditions like leg-length differences and scoliosis.
Scientists have discovered that irisin, a hormone released by muscles during exercise, directly acts on key regulatory cells that control the breakdown and formation of bone. Treating osteocytes with irisin protected them from age-related death and increased their production of sclerostin, a protein that triggers bone remodeling.
Researchers discover that exercise-induced hormone irisin activates cells responsible for bone remodeling in mice. The study reveals irisin's impact on sclerostin, a major cellular regulator of bone structure, and holds promise for future osteoporosis treatments.
Modern broiler chickens are a defining feature of the Anthropocene, shaped by human biology and consumption. The rapid evolution of these chickens reflects a biosphere dominated by human activity.
A recent study found that treatment with active vitamin D did not decrease cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Researchers tested oral alfacalcidol, an active form of vitamin D, to see if it improved clinical outcomes. The results showed no significant benefit for patients without secondary hyperparathyroidism.
A team of scientists has found medullary bone in a Cretaceous bird fossil, providing the first occurrence of this tissue outside of modern birds. The discovery links birds and dinosaurs, challenging previous assumptions about their relationship.
New research reveals that a species of ancient primate, Teilhardina brandti, found in Wyoming, is as old or older than its Asian and European relatives. This discovery challenges the prevailing hypothesis that Teilhardina first appeared in China. The study analyzed 163 teeth and jaws to determine the species' origins and migration patt...
A new imaging method, HR-pQCT, predicts fracture risk by analyzing bone microstructure. This method provides additional information beyond traditional BMD assessments, identifying deficits in trabecular and cortical bone density and structure as independent risk factors.
Researchers at the University of Arizona are working on a groundbreaking study to regenerate long bone segments using 3D printing and adult stem cells. The goal is to improve treatment outcomes for military personnel with devastating injuries, where current surgical treatments often fail.
Researchers have determined the three-dimensional structure of the PTH-1 receptor, a protein fragment involved in bone loss. This breakthrough enables the development of new drugs that may slow down or reverse osteoporosis without its current treatment's disadvantages.
The study reveals how calcium phosphate molecules crystallize and build up into a perfectly arranged bone structure. Researchers used an artificial biomaterial to mimic natural bone tissue functions, allowing them to study the phenomenon at an atomic level.
A new study reveals that women can be as resilient to extreme physical activity as men, contrary to previous claims about gender differences. The research found no significant negative health effects in six female participants who completed a transantarctic expedition.
A study published in Immunity found that Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supplementation increased bone formation in female mice by stimulating the growth of butyrate-producing gut bacteria. This activation led to the expansion of regulatory T cells, which secrete a protein called Wnt10b, critical for bone development.
Researchers have found a potential Achilles' heel in micrometastasis that could be targeted with medications to reduce the risk of full-blown metastasis. Blocking calcium transfer through gap junctions and mTOR pathway results in cancer cell death or growth inhibition.
A recent study found that pregnant women who gained normal weight had slightly increased bone mass in their children at age 7, while overweight mothers saw no benefit. The findings suggest following US pregnancy weight gain guidelines may not harm children's skeletal health.
A novel technique uses 3D analysis to study bone wear patterns, providing controlled experimental protocol for archeological investigations. The study sheds light on the manufacturing and use of early human tools, revealing that duration of use is the largest determinant affecting surface wear.
Researchers analyzed ancient animal bones using ZooMS to discover that people were herding sheep, goat, and cattle by at least 4300 years ago. This technique provides new insights into the human story across Central Asia and opens up a whole new world of archaeological research possibilities.
A new imaging process will enable x-ray microscopy on living subjects, facilitating more detailed analysis of bone structure changes in osteoporosis. The European Research Council funds the project with a €12.3 million grant.
A Stanford-led study identifies uhrf1 and s100a10 as key genes driving rapid deer antler growth, a process that could inform new approaches for treating human bone conditions like osteoporosis. The researchers hope to apply the underlying biology of deer antlers to develop more efficient therapies.
An interdisciplinary team will create a novel X-ray microscope to analyze bone microstructure in living individuals, enabling the study of osteoporosis and its progression. The '4D+ nanoSCOPE' will make it possible to monitor bones over time and assess the effects of aging and other factors on bone health.
A new study identifies Th17 cells as drivers of periodontitis, a common disorder affecting nearly half of American adults over age 30. The research found that an unhealthy oral microbiome triggers the accumulation of these immune cells, leading to inflammation and bone loss.
Researchers at University of Michigan discovered that a mineral-supplemented diet has a greater impact on bone mass and strength than exercise. The mice retained bone strength gains even after the exercise stopped, highlighting the long-term benefits of nutrition over exercise.
A study published in PLOS ONE reveals that modern humans colonized Madagascar thousands of years later than previously thought. The research, led by Atholl Anderson, analyzed animal bone material and found evidence of megafaunal extinction starting around 1200 years BP.
Consuming too much vitamin A may decrease bone thickness and increase fracture risk in humans. A recent study found that mice exposed to lower doses of vitamin A equivalent to 4.5-13 times the recommended daily allowance showed significant weakening of bones over a 10-week period.
A new DNA tool created by Michigan State University can accurately predict people's height and potentially assess their risk for serious illnesses like heart disease and cancer. The tool uses machine learning and analyzes the complete genetic makeup of nearly 500,000 adults in the UK to build predictors for complex traits.
A study published in Journal of Bone and Mineral Research found that 8.3% of patients with total hip replacements experienced atypical femoral fractures, a type of rare stress fracture. The researchers also discovered a strong association between bisphosphonate use and the risk of these fractures.
Researchers uncover evidence of ancient goiter and thyroid disease using science and art in a 2,000-year-old carved statue. The discovery challenges traditional theories about the statue's representation of achondroplasia, providing new insights into the health and diet of Native Americans.
A new approach using umbilical cord blood stem cells has shown promising results in repairing cleft palates in infants. The procedure, performed as part of reconstructive surgery when the infant is a few months old, provides good results in growing new bone to close the upper jaw cleft and may avoid the need for later bone graft surgery.
A new study found that exercise minimizes changes in muscle mass, bone density, and belly fat when estrogen levels drop, but does not protect against metabolic changes. Researchers discovered that while exercise reduces the risk of osteoporosis, it does not affect resting metabolic rate or energy balance in women with menopause.
Researchers analyzed ancient DNA from a human skeleton in Scandinavia to determine the genomic blueprint of the louse-borne relapsing fever pathogen Borrelia recurrentis. The study found that the ancient strain had fewer genes for antigenic variation and retained a regulatory gene, suggesting reductive evolution.
Researchers discover Jinguofortis perplexus, a Pygostylia species with both bird-like and dinosaur-like features, providing insight into the evolution of modern birds. The study highlights the role of developmental plasticity in shaping the avian shoulder girdle.
Human skeletal stem cells have been isolated from fetal and adult bones, providing a breakthrough in understanding the molecular diagnosis and treatment of skeletal diseases. The discovery enables researchers to create a detailed lineage map of stem-cell-mediated formation of skeletal tissues in humans.
The discovery of the human skeletal stem cell could lead to treatments for regenerating bone and cartilage in people. The researchers created a family tree of stem cells important to the development and maintenance of the human skeleton.
Hematologic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) survivors are at risk of bone loss and osteoporosis, increasing the likelihood of fragility fractures. The IOF expert Working Group on Cancer and Bone Disease provides clinical guidance for monitoring, evaluation, and treatment of bone loss in these patients.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed an injectable-targeted drug that demonstrates accelerated and improved bone fracture healing. The grant will support human trials for this novel treatment, which could also be used for other conditions such as dental implants and spinal fractures.
Scientists discover that as we age, a small molecule called microRNA-141-3p increases and silences key signaling molecules like SDF-1 in stem cells, leading to weaker bone formation. Restoring a youthful balance could be a novel approach to reducing age-related problems like osteoporosis.
Scientists have discovered that humans arrived on Madagascar more than 6,000 years earlier than previously thought. Analysis of ancient bird bones found in the island reveals cut marks and depression fractures consistent with hunting and butchery by prehistoric humans.
A new study led by Dr. Tishya Wren at Children's Hospital Los Angeles aims to understand bone loss in ambulatory individuals with cerebral palsy. The research will assess the bone health of 148 participants, identifying critical periods for intervention and guiding future interventions to maximize bone strength.
Researchers from the University of Bradford analyzed Anglo Saxon children's milk teeth to identify modern children at risk for conditions like diabetes and heart disease. The study found that teeth provide a more reliable indicator of diet and health than bones, revealing biomarkers for stress in early life.
Researchers at the University of Kansas have developed two novel imaging procedures that enable better, more useful digital pictures of Earth's biodiversity. The techniques involve 'cleared and stained' specimens and fluorescent microscopy, allowing scientists to capture intricate anatomical structures in new ways.
A new study reveals that humans may have cultivated plants as far back as 4,800 years ago in Southern Brazil. The analysis of ancient human remains found teeth and bones rich in carbohydrates, suggesting a diet rich in cultivated yams and sweet potatoes.
A recent genome-wide association study found that only two factors - bone mineral density and muscle strength - contribute to fracture risk, while vitamin D levels do not directly predispose people to fractures. Increasing bone strength is more effective in preventing fractures than widespread vitamin D supplementation.