Research on bone health and repair. Covers bone healing, mineral density, skeletal evolution, and radiopharmaceutical trials.
Breast cancer researchers at the University of Notre Dame have identified a pair of proteins, CXCL5 and CXCR2, critical for spreading breast cancer to bone. These proteins cause cancer cells to rapidly reproduce and spread throughout the bone and marrow.
A multistakeholder coalition has issued clinical recommendations to prevent secondary fractures in older adults with osteoporosis. The guidelines recommend increased communication with patients regarding fracture risk and mortality outcomes, as well as fracture risk reduction strategies.
A team of researchers has developed a method to screen bone samples for collagen using near-infrared spectrometry, reducing the need to destroy valuable remains. This breakthrough could enable scientists to analyze ancient DNA and gain insights into human history.
New research suggests that mosasaurs used a unique swimming style that combined elements of both tail and forelimb movement. This dual approach may have allowed them to swim faster and more efficiently than previously thought, with powerful bursts of speed adding to their cruising ability.
A new report highlights the limitations of cell-based therapies for treating musculoskeletal diseases like arthritis and osteoporosis due to insufficient clinical evidence. The task force recommends specific guidelines for preclinical and clinical investigations to develop more effective treatments.
A study published in JCI Insight found that Apolipoprotein E interferes with bone healing in older individuals, leading to weaker bones and increased risk of re-fracture. Researchers discovered that reducing ApoE levels can reverse aging effects on the bones, promoting faster and more effective healing.
Researchers develop non-invasive method to evaluate bone structure using ultrasound, potentially enabling early osteoporosis detection and treatment assessment. The technique also shows promise in distinguishing between tumors and healthy tissue in laboratory rats.
A recent study of a 10 million-year-old fossil has revealed that human ancestors may not have been as ape-like as previously thought. The Rudapithecus pelvis suggests that early human ancestors had more flexible lower backs, allowing them to stand upright and walk efficiently on two legs.
Researchers analyze fish bones from Early Neolithic Jiahu site in Henan Province, China, and find evidence of managed carp aquaculture from 6200-5700 BC. The study's findings suggest a sophisticated system of aquaculture development in prehistoric East Asia.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin discovered that Komodo dragon armor is designed to protect against other dragons, not predators. The unique bone structure, featuring four distinct shapes, provides extensive coverage and suggests that young Komodo dragons do not have armor until adulthood.
A recent study published in the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research found that calorie restriction can have negative effects on bone health, even when paired with regular exercise. Mice subjected to calorie restriction experienced an increase in bone marrow fat and a decrease in overall bone density.
Researchers discovered how breastfed babies absorb large amounts of calcium, building healthy bones. This mechanism could be key to treating osteoporosis and other bone diseases later in life.
A new study found that weight loss interventions among older adults with obesity result in persistent loss of hip bone mineral density, regardless of subsequent weight regain. Losses in both fat mass and lean mass contribute to reduced bone health.
Researchers investigated melatonin's role in preventing bone loss during space flight using cultured goldfish scales. They found that melatonin suppresses bone resorption by stimulating osteoblasts to produce CALCITONIN. This suggests melatonin could serve as a prophylactic drug to prevent bone loss of astronauts.
Researchers discovered a dose-related decrease in bone density with high doses of vitamin D, contrary to initial predictions. Vitamin D supplementation above recommended levels (400-2000 IU daily) was not associated with an increase in bone density or strength.
Researchers analyzed strontium, carbon, and nitrogen isotopes in jaguar scat to identify prey habitats. The study found that jaguars in Belize were not competing with livestock for resources, providing reassurance for conservation efforts.
Researchers analyzed ear ossicles from 20 juveniles excavated in 18th-19th century burial grounds to understand maternal pre-pregnancy and late pregnancy diets. The study provides a unique link between diet and early pregnancy health.
Duke researchers identify biochemical receptor that can reverse bone degradation caused by osteoporosis, offering new potential treatment option. The study found that activating the adenosine receptor A2B can halt and even reverse bone deterioration in mouse models of osteoporosis.
Researchers at the University of Birmingham found that fortifying wheat flour with vitamin D alone would save the public purse £65 million by reducing healthcare demands. Combining this with targeted supplementation could prevent 33% of cases, particularly among vulnerable groups.
Two studies found that nitrogen-bisphosphonates reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures and premature mortality by 34% in individuals aged over 50. The treatment is particularly beneficial for those at risk of osteoporosis, with a significant reduction in bone loss contributing to the overall benefit.
A comprehensive study from Aarhus University finds that conservative treatment with a sling is as effective as surgery for shoulder fractures. The study involved 88 patients over 60 who were either treated with surgery or a sling, and found no significant difference in function, pain, or quality of life between the two groups.
A new study from the University of Bristol has linked puberty timing to bone strength, finding that teens who mature later may catch up on bone density but continue to have lower bone density into adulthood. The study suggests that late-maturing individuals may be at increased risk of fractures and osteoporosis later in life.
Engineers create bone-like tissue in a dish to study disease processes and potential treatments for large bone injuries. The material has a 3D mineral structure populated with living cells, providing insights into cancer initiation, metastasis, and bone regeneration.
Researchers discovered a link between cochlear shape and sex, enabling reliable sex determination from ancient remains. This breakthrough technique uses the cochlea's unique spiral shape to identify male and female individuals, including children and cases with DNA degradation.
A new study discovers complex hyoid bones in a 165-million-year-old mammaliaform species, suggesting the evolution of a loose tongue in early mammals. The discovery sheds light on the evolutionary origins of hyolingual structures, which enable advanced food and liquid swallowing in modern mammals.
Researchers have developed a new cancer treatment that targets and kills bone metastases using engineered stem cells, preserving the bone in the process. This approach could reduce the need for chemotherapy and improve quality of life for patients with bone metastases.
Researchers at UMass Lowell have discovered that eggshell particles can increase bone cells' ability to grow and harden, potentially resulting in faster healing. The technique uses crushed eggshells in a hydrogel mixture to support bone growth, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional methods.
A new IOF review emphasizes the importance of long-term follow-up to maintain bone health in childhood cancer survivors. The study highlights the need for careful monitoring and management to prevent premature onset of low bone mineral density and improve fracture risk.
The BioSA project aims to create a more attractive option for filling defects in load-bearing areas with biodegradable metals. The team is working on designing an implant that corrodes at a controlled rate, reducing the need for second surgical interventions.
A recent study published by The Endocrine Society found that women exposed to triclosan are more likely to develop osteoporosis. The study analyzed data from over 1,800 women and discovered that those with higher levels of triclosan in their urine were more prone to bone issues.
Romosozumab increases serum markers of bone formation and decreases those of bone breakdown, leading to improved bone mass and microarchitecture. The therapy also reduces the risk of bone fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
Researchers have developed a double-duty hydrogel that both kills bacteria and promotes bone regrowth using lysostaphin and BMP-2. This breakthrough therapy shows promise in treating orthopedic bone infections with fewer surgeries and accelerated healing.
A study published in Nutrients found that over half of adults aged 50+ have inadequate serum vitamin D levels, with 26% classified as deficient. Factors contributing to deficiency include female gender, advanced age, smoking, non-white ethnicity, obesity, and poor self-reported health.
A new study found that the protein CCN3 is a key factor promoting prostate cancer invasion of bone and predicting poor outcomes. High CCN3 expression correlated with shortened overall survival and bone metastases, while low-expression groups had better survival rates.
A team of UK scientists has identified the mechanism behind hardening of the arteries, which is associated with dementia, heart disease, high blood pressure, and stroke. They found that a generic medication normally used to treat acne could be an effective treatment for the condition.
A team of researchers discovered that Antarctic fishes evolved genetic changes long before the continent cooled, mirroring human bone diseases like osteoporosis. This finding highlights that some adaptations used by fishes are similar to disease states in humans.
Researchers use cutting-edge techniques to extract ancient protein sequences from fossilized bones, revealing a common ancestor between two-toed sloths and giant ground sloths like Megatherium. The study challenges decades of scientific opinion on sloth evolution and provides new insights into the evolutionary history of animals.
IUPUI researchers used FRET sensors to monitor the force dynamics during cell movement, finding that cancer cells exhibit low tensions and slow mobility when interacting with bone cells. This study aims to provide clues for controlling cell migration and potentially stopping breast cancer spread.
A Rutgers study has found that facial bones in black adults maintain higher mineral density as they age, resulting in fewer changes to their facial structure. This difference can affect how plastic surgeons approach facial rejuvenation, with black individuals seeking cosmetic procedures double the amount of whites.
A study by Tokyo Medical and Dental University found that mice eating harder foods showed increased bone formation and changes in jawbone shape. The researchers used a novel mouse model to investigate how masticatory force affects bone structure, revealing new insights into the mechanisms of bone adaptation.
Researchers found orang-utan knuckle joints consistent with branch grasping, while chimpanzee and gorilla joints matched knuckle-walking patterns. The study's findings enhance understanding of human evolutionary history.
Researchers discovered that reprogrammed fat cells release enzymes that suppress bone formation and promote bone breakdown in multiple myeloma. Targeting a molecular complex may help heal bone lesions by restoring PPARγ activity.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center discovered how prostate cancer cells develop to mimic bone-forming cells, enabling proliferation in the bone microenvironment. This understanding could lead to more effective use of radium-233 and development of new therapies to treat or prevent prostate cancer spread to bone.
A recent archaeological discovery in Barbados sheds new light on the island's early European settlement, revealing a previously undetected historic peccary introduction. The findings suggest that Europeans altered New World environments by introducing non-native species, contradicting accepted colonial history.
Researchers discovered a type of bone cell that can subdue cancer cells, slowing their growth in breast cancer patients. Osteoblasts release factors that halt cancer cell growth, restoring production of the cell-cycle checkpoint protein p21 and putting cancer cells to sleep.
Recent advances in focal and sclerotic bone diseases have led to a clearer characterization of conditions like Paget's disease, fibrous dysplasia, and Camurati-Engelmann disease. This improved understanding has enabled the development of new therapeutic approaches for these disorders.
The FRAX tool accurately determines fracture risk for women with breast cancer treated with aromatase inhibitors when combined with bone mineral density measurements. However, using the tool alone without bone mineral density can lead to overestimation of fracture risk.
Scientists discovered two instances of flightless rail species colonizing Aldabra island, evolving independently after tens of thousands of years. The study provides the first evidence of iterative evolution in rails, revealing how a single species from Madagascar gave rise to two distinct species on the island.
Research in southern Italy found that otters eat 12% of their prey items, including 28 species, with increased predation in Alpine regions during winter and spring. This suggests a previously underestimated threat to small amphibian populations.
A new study reveals that damage to mitochondria leads to an increased production of osteoclasts, which break down bone. This process is triggered by stress signaling in cells, leading to greater rates of bone resorption and potentially contributing to osteoporosis.
A multidisciplinary study reveals that most ornithopod dinosaurs were young individuals with similar internal structures to unfossilized bones, while ankylosaurs showed various traces associated with specific groups. The research also found evidence of rapid burial, microbial activity, and a wetland ecosystem supporting a diverse fauna.
Stroke survivors are at up to four times greater risk of osteoporosis, bone breaks, and falls. Despite this, less than one-third of older women in the US are screened for osteoporosis.
A team of researchers discovered human skeletons on forest islands in southwestern Amazonia that date back up to 10,000 years, indicating the presence of hunter gatherers with early signs of agriculture. The findings provide strong evidence for the antiquity and origin of these sites.
Researchers found E-selectin in bone vascular environment supports early growth of cancer cells, promoting metastasis. Using sugar-mimetic compound Uproleselan, they show reduced bone metastasis and survival advantage in mice with human breast cancer cells.
Professor Jonathan D. Adachi was awarded the prestigious Herbert A. Fleisch ESCEO-IOF Medal for his exceptional contributions to bone and osteoporosis research. He has advanced knowledge about risk factors and therapies for osteoporosis through epidemiological research and clinical studies.
The IOF Calcium Academy Awards honored five researchers for their new research on calcium and its role in bone health. The awards aimed to advance scientific knowledge in the field of bone nutrition and support the next generation of researchers.
Primary care dentists missed 67% of bone loss and 40% of tooth decay on dental x-rays when given limited time to assess them. When not under pressure, the participants diagnosed correctly, all pathologies related to bone loss and tooth decay, on average.
The discovery of the largest Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton ever found sheds new light on the lives of these massive predators. The specimen, weighing over 40% more than the next largest known taxon, suggests that different types of dinosaurs may have grown to significantly greater sizes than previously thought.
Researchers at Rice University have created 3D-printed scaffolds that can mimic the physical characteristics of osteochondral tissue, a hard bone beneath a compressible layer of cartilage. The scaffolds are designed to promote healing and potentially treat common sports injuries.
Research presented at ENDO 2019 found that walking downhill after eating reduces bone resorption in postmenopausal women with diabetes. The study suggests combining exercise after meals with downhill walking may help reduce the need for osteoporosis medication.