Articles tagged with Bones
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A comprehensive study from Aarhus University finds that conservative treatment with a sling is as effective as surgery for shoulder fractures. The study involved 88 patients over 60 who were either treated with surgery or a sling, and found no significant difference in function, pain, or quality of life between the two groups.
Engineers create bone-like tissue in a dish to study disease processes and potential treatments for large bone injuries. The material has a 3D mineral structure populated with living cells, providing insights into cancer initiation, metastasis, and bone regeneration.
Researchers discovered a link between cochlear shape and sex, enabling reliable sex determination from ancient remains. This breakthrough technique uses the cochlea's unique spiral shape to identify male and female individuals, including children and cases with DNA degradation.
A new study discovers complex hyoid bones in a 165-million-year-old mammaliaform species, suggesting the evolution of a loose tongue in early mammals. The discovery sheds light on the evolutionary origins of hyolingual structures, which enable advanced food and liquid swallowing in modern mammals.
Researchers have developed a new cancer treatment that targets and kills bone metastases using engineered stem cells, preserving the bone in the process. This approach could reduce the need for chemotherapy and improve quality of life for patients with bone metastases.
Researchers at UMass Lowell have discovered that eggshell particles can increase bone cells' ability to grow and harden, potentially resulting in faster healing. The technique uses crushed eggshells in a hydrogel mixture to support bone growth, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional methods.
A new IOF review emphasizes the importance of long-term follow-up to maintain bone health in childhood cancer survivors. The study highlights the need for careful monitoring and management to prevent premature onset of low bone mineral density and improve fracture risk.
The BioSA project aims to create a more attractive option for filling defects in load-bearing areas with biodegradable metals. The team is working on designing an implant that corrodes at a controlled rate, reducing the need for second surgical interventions.
Romosozumab increases serum markers of bone formation and decreases those of bone breakdown, leading to improved bone mass and microarchitecture. The therapy also reduces the risk of bone fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
A recent study published by The Endocrine Society found that women exposed to triclosan are more likely to develop osteoporosis. The study analyzed data from over 1,800 women and discovered that those with higher levels of triclosan in their urine were more prone to bone issues.
Researchers have developed a double-duty hydrogel that both kills bacteria and promotes bone regrowth using lysostaphin and BMP-2. This breakthrough therapy shows promise in treating orthopedic bone infections with fewer surgeries and accelerated healing.
A study published in Nutrients found that over half of adults aged 50+ have inadequate serum vitamin D levels, with 26% classified as deficient. Factors contributing to deficiency include female gender, advanced age, smoking, non-white ethnicity, obesity, and poor self-reported health.
A new study found that the protein CCN3 is a key factor promoting prostate cancer invasion of bone and predicting poor outcomes. High CCN3 expression correlated with shortened overall survival and bone metastases, while low-expression groups had better survival rates.
A team of UK scientists has identified the mechanism behind hardening of the arteries, which is associated with dementia, heart disease, high blood pressure, and stroke. They found that a generic medication normally used to treat acne could be an effective treatment for the condition.
A team of researchers discovered that Antarctic fishes evolved genetic changes long before the continent cooled, mirroring human bone diseases like osteoporosis. This finding highlights that some adaptations used by fishes are similar to disease states in humans.
Researchers use cutting-edge techniques to extract ancient protein sequences from fossilized bones, revealing a common ancestor between two-toed sloths and giant ground sloths like Megatherium. The study challenges decades of scientific opinion on sloth evolution and provides new insights into the evolutionary history of animals.
IUPUI researchers used FRET sensors to monitor the force dynamics during cell movement, finding that cancer cells exhibit low tensions and slow mobility when interacting with bone cells. This study aims to provide clues for controlling cell migration and potentially stopping breast cancer spread.
A Rutgers study has found that facial bones in black adults maintain higher mineral density as they age, resulting in fewer changes to their facial structure. This difference can affect how plastic surgeons approach facial rejuvenation, with black individuals seeking cosmetic procedures double the amount of whites.
A study by Tokyo Medical and Dental University found that mice eating harder foods showed increased bone formation and changes in jawbone shape. The researchers used a novel mouse model to investigate how masticatory force affects bone structure, revealing new insights into the mechanisms of bone adaptation.
Researchers found orang-utan knuckle joints consistent with branch grasping, while chimpanzee and gorilla joints matched knuckle-walking patterns. The study's findings enhance understanding of human evolutionary history.
Researchers discovered that reprogrammed fat cells release enzymes that suppress bone formation and promote bone breakdown in multiple myeloma. Targeting a molecular complex may help heal bone lesions by restoring PPARγ activity.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center discovered how prostate cancer cells develop to mimic bone-forming cells, enabling proliferation in the bone microenvironment. This understanding could lead to more effective use of radium-233 and development of new therapies to treat or prevent prostate cancer spread to bone.
A recent archaeological discovery in Barbados sheds new light on the island's early European settlement, revealing a previously undetected historic peccary introduction. The findings suggest that Europeans altered New World environments by introducing non-native species, contradicting accepted colonial history.
Researchers discovered a type of bone cell that can subdue cancer cells, slowing their growth in breast cancer patients. Osteoblasts release factors that halt cancer cell growth, restoring production of the cell-cycle checkpoint protein p21 and putting cancer cells to sleep.
Recent advances in focal and sclerotic bone diseases have led to a clearer characterization of conditions like Paget's disease, fibrous dysplasia, and Camurati-Engelmann disease. This improved understanding has enabled the development of new therapeutic approaches for these disorders.
Scientists discovered two instances of flightless rail species colonizing Aldabra island, evolving independently after tens of thousands of years. The study provides the first evidence of iterative evolution in rails, revealing how a single species from Madagascar gave rise to two distinct species on the island.
Research in southern Italy found that otters eat 12% of their prey items, including 28 species, with increased predation in Alpine regions during winter and spring. This suggests a previously underestimated threat to small amphibian populations.
A new study reveals that damage to mitochondria leads to an increased production of osteoclasts, which break down bone. This process is triggered by stress signaling in cells, leading to greater rates of bone resorption and potentially contributing to osteoporosis.
The FRAX tool accurately determines fracture risk for women with breast cancer treated with aromatase inhibitors when combined with bone mineral density measurements. However, using the tool alone without bone mineral density can lead to overestimation of fracture risk.
A multidisciplinary study reveals that most ornithopod dinosaurs were young individuals with similar internal structures to unfossilized bones, while ankylosaurs showed various traces associated with specific groups. The research also found evidence of rapid burial, microbial activity, and a wetland ecosystem supporting a diverse fauna.
Stroke survivors are at up to four times greater risk of osteoporosis, bone breaks, and falls. Despite this, less than one-third of older women in the US are screened for osteoporosis.
A team of researchers discovered human skeletons on forest islands in southwestern Amazonia that date back up to 10,000 years, indicating the presence of hunter gatherers with early signs of agriculture. The findings provide strong evidence for the antiquity and origin of these sites.
Researchers found E-selectin in bone vascular environment supports early growth of cancer cells, promoting metastasis. Using sugar-mimetic compound Uproleselan, they show reduced bone metastasis and survival advantage in mice with human breast cancer cells.
Professor Jonathan D. Adachi was awarded the prestigious Herbert A. Fleisch ESCEO-IOF Medal for his exceptional contributions to bone and osteoporosis research. He has advanced knowledge about risk factors and therapies for osteoporosis through epidemiological research and clinical studies.
The IOF Calcium Academy Awards honored five researchers for their new research on calcium and its role in bone health. The awards aimed to advance scientific knowledge in the field of bone nutrition and support the next generation of researchers.
Primary care dentists missed 67% of bone loss and 40% of tooth decay on dental x-rays when given limited time to assess them. When not under pressure, the participants diagnosed correctly, all pathologies related to bone loss and tooth decay, on average.
The discovery of the largest Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton ever found sheds new light on the lives of these massive predators. The specimen, weighing over 40% more than the next largest known taxon, suggests that different types of dinosaurs may have grown to significantly greater sizes than previously thought.
Researchers at Rice University have created 3D-printed scaffolds that can mimic the physical characteristics of osteochondral tissue, a hard bone beneath a compressible layer of cartilage. The scaffolds are designed to promote healing and potentially treat common sports injuries.
The Endocrine Society's Clinical Practice Guideline recommends treating postmenopausal women with pharmacological therapies to reduce fracture risk, outweighing the risks of rare side effects. Guidelines also provide recommendations for monitoring and reassessing fracture risk after initial treatment.
Research presented at ENDO 2019 found that walking downhill after eating reduces bone resorption in postmenopausal women with diabetes. The study suggests combining exercise after meals with downhill walking may help reduce the need for osteoporosis medication.
Researchers at UCLA have developed a new membrane class that can regenerate gum tissue and bone, offering a viable solution for periodontitis. The membranes have tissue and bone regeneration properties along with a flexible coating that adheres to biological surfaces.
Researchers have developed a nanofibrous membrane that enhances periodontal tissue regeneration and is absorbed by the body when healing is complete. The membrane, made from biocompatible polymers, promotes bone mineralization and regrows lost gum tissue in rats with periodontal defects within eight weeks.
Plant cellulose-based aerogel implants have shown 33% more bone growth in rats at three weeks and 50% more at 12 weeks compared to controls. The innovation has the potential to fill a $2-billion market with economical raw materials and applications in dental and joint replacement surgeries.
Researchers from NUST MISIS created a nanomaterial that enhances the rate of bone cell division by 3 times, enabling the growth of new bone tissue. This breakthrough could potentially abandon bone marrow transplantation, offering hope to patients with osteoporosis and osteomyelitis.
Chronic inflammation, not aging, is the main reason why bones heal more slowly with age. Researchers found that exposure to older mice's blood serum reduces stem cell multiplication and increases inflammation. Treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs restored skeletal stem cell function and bone healing ability in aged mice.
A new study suggests that combining blood flow restriction (BFR) therapy with traditional rehabilitation efforts may slow bone loss and reduce return to function time after ACL reconstruction. The addition of BFR was found to minimize muscle mass loss, preserve bone density, and improve functional outcomes in patients.
A new injectable bone healing drug has been developed to accelerate fracture healing by 50% and reduce recovery times. The technology, licensed through Purdue University's Research Foundation, has shown promising results in preclinical studies and is expected to transform treatment for broken bones.
A survey of 91 different multivitamins and vitamin D supplements for children in the UK found that many do not provide the recommended daily dose of 400 IU of vitamin D. Only one multivitamin was suitable for use from birth, while between a quarter and a third of available products supplied at least 400 IU/day for children over 6 months.
A new study confirms that obesity impairs vitamin D conversion in the liver, affecting its major form in the blood. This finding highlights the need for targeted treatment approaches, such as calcidiol, to address vitamin D insufficiency in obese individuals.
Scientists developed a new hybrid bone implant combining the properties of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK). The implant's unique structure allows for improved strength, elasticity, and affordability.
A high-protein, low-calorie diet has been shown to help older adults with obesity lose more weight while maintaining muscle mass and improving bone quality. Participants lost about 18 pounds, mostly fat, without losing bone density.
A recent study published in The FASEB Journal revealed that Static Magnetic Field treatment can significantly enhance osteogenesis in human bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The researchers observed improved bone formation potential and better osteogenic markers in the SMF-treated cells compared to the control group.
A recent study published in the Journal of Biomechanics used advanced MRI techniques to track wrist bone movement in 18 individuals, revealing gender-based differences. The researchers found that while individual left and right wrists are similar, there are distinct differences between male and female wrists.
Researchers sequenced mitochondrial genomes to understand penguin evolution, revealing two new extinct species on the Chatham Islands. The discovery sheds light on how humans impacted New Zealand's marine biodiversity in the past.
A new review highlights the need for targeted approaches to address cancer therapies' impact on bone health. Efforts to limit these effects have largely relied on anti-resorptive agents with limited assessment of fracture risk reduction.
A new paper in Current Anthropology proposes that early human ancestors acquired a taste for fat by eating marrow scavenged from large animal skeletons. This fatty diet provided the necessary calories to develop bigger brains, contradicting the widely held view that meat consumption was crucial for human evolution.
Researchers at Hokkaido University found that inhibiting a bone receptor protein called Siglec-15 can increase bone mass and strength without impairing growth in young rats. This suggests that anti-Siglec-15 therapy could be an alternative treatment for juvenile osteoporosis, potentially with an ideal safety profile.
Researchers have identified a previously unknown blood vessel system in bones, which supplies bones with oxygen and nutrients. The 'trans-cortical vessels' connect bone marrow to the bloodstream, allowing immune cells to quickly reach the source of inflammation.
The ancient archosaur Smok wawelski exhibited bone-crushing behavior, consuming prey bones for their salt and marrow content. Researchers linked coprolites to the species through synchrotron microtomography and found crushed teeth and bite-marked bones.
Researchers at RCSI have developed a new treatment for osteomyelitis using a copper-rich glass implant. The implant attracts blood vessels and bone cells, accelerating bone repair and preventing bacterial growth. This breakthrough treatment has the potential to reduce antibiotic use and improve outcomes for patients with bone infections.