Articles tagged with Bones
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
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Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A central neural circuit in the forebrain to the hypothalamus mediates chronic stress-induced bone loss via the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. Isolation significantly increases anxiety levels, inducing bone loss in human subjects.
Researchers found exposure to warmer temperatures improves bone strength, preventing bone density loss typical of osteoporosis. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in this phenomenon, adapting to heat by disrupting polyamine synthesis and degradation, which affects osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
Researchers analyzed fossil bones of Panthasaurus maleriensis, an ancestor of modern amphibians, and found phases of rapid and slow growth depending on the climate. The study provides valuable insight into the prehistoric past, with the Indian site showing evidence of both young and adult animals.
A study found that inhibiting a specific signaling pathway can prevent microgravity-exposed mice from losing muscle and bone mass. The researchers tested this strategy by injecting a decoy receptor into the mice, resulting in similar increases in muscle and bone mass compared to untreated control mice.
Researchers used radiocarbon dating and CT scans to study ancient bones, revealing a Bronze Age tradition of retaining and curating human remains. The findings suggest that Bronze Age people valued the dead in tangible ways, often keeping remains in their homes or displaying them as grave goods.
A new fossil discovery has provided critical evidence for the evolution of the mammalian middle ear, revealing the first unequivocal evidence of the five auditory bones from an extinct group. The findings have narrowed the morphological gap between ancient and modern mammals.
Researchers discovered a new ichnospecies, Karethraichnus zaratan, living on the carapace of an extinct marine turtle during the Late Cretaceous period. The species is believed to be a bivalve that formed symbiotic relationships with its host, revealing new insights into ancient paleoecology and evolution.
A new study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism highlights the impact of anorexia nervosa on young women's growth. The research found that girls with anorexia nervosa tend to have stunted growth, which may affect their overall health and well-being.
Three experts, Professor Maria-Luisa Brandi, Dr. Lee Joon-Kiong, and Professor Ego Seeman, have been awarded the IOF President's Award for their contributions to osteoporosis research, education, and public awareness. The award recognizes their efforts to expand the Foundation's programs and outreach in the scientific and policy spheres.
Researchers found that adolescents who engaged in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity had stronger hips at age 25, while time spent in light intensity activity was less clear. The study suggests that supporting young people to remain active could benefit future bone health and prevent osteoporosis.
A team of archaeologists uncovered evidence of the oldest direct cremation in the Middle-East, found in a pyre pit in Beisamoun, Israel, dating back around 9,000 years. The remains indicate a shift away from traditional burial practices towards shorter rituals.
A study published in Advanced Science has revealed that joint implants can release metals into the surrounding bone tissue, leading to osteolysis and premature loosening. The researchers used a unique synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging setup to determine the concentration and distribution of metallic degradation products.
A study published in The Lancet found that plaster casts are as effective as surgery in healing scaphoid waist fractures in the wrist. Patients who received a plaster cast showed similar outcomes to those who underwent surgery, with no significant difference in pain, function, or complications.
Researchers identified a small protein that mobilizes bone resorbing cells under osteoporotic conditions. Chemical inhibitors targeting this protein show promise in blocking bone resorption without disrupting normal bone turnover.
Researchers find drastic bone and organic matter deterioration since the site's initial excavations in the 1940s, suggesting similar decline may be happening across equivalent sites. The study highlights the urgent need to preserve findings from Ageröd and similar sites due to environmental changes like drainage and pollution.
Researchers at UMass Amherst have identified a key protein component of the Hedgehog signaling pathway as an important player in phenotypic plasticity, allowing cells to sense and respond to environmental inputs. This finding provides insights into how genes and environment interact to shape anatomical traits.
A comprehensive clinical review provides updated guidance on factors affecting peak bone mass, distinguishing low bone mass from proper osteoporosis in young women. The authors outline management and treatment options for premenopausal osteoporosis, including the use of antiresorptive and bone-forming drugs.
A new study analyzing 40 years of Framingham Heart Study data found an association between lowered rates of hip fractures and decreases in smoking and heavy drinking. The study suggests that modifiable lifestyle factors may be beneficial to bone health, along with treatments.
Researchers from the Universities of Bonn and Opole have discovered a fossilized hand with five metacarpal bones in a Late Triassic temnospondyl, Metoposaurus krasiejowensis. This finding is significant because it challenges the long-held assumption that early ancestors of modern frogs and salamanders had only four fingers. The discove...
New research has developed a Lego-inspired scaffolding system using tiny, 3D-printed blocks to promote faster and more efficient healing of broken bones. The study found that growth factor-filled blocks placed near repaired rat bones led to about three times more blood vessel growth than conventional scaffolding material.
A novel genetic measure called gSOS has been developed to assess fracture risk in osteoporosis, which could reduce the need for bone mineral density tests by 37-41%. This cost-effective approach may improve healthcare efficiency and identify individuals at higher risk of diseases like cancer and cardiovascular disease.
A global team of computer scientists developed a novel deep-learning framework to automate precise translation of human motion. The framework can accurately replicate motion retargeting without specifying explicit pairing between varying data sets, enabling the training of stronger models.
Researchers found similarities in dietary patterns between noble families and commoners, despite social differences. They also identified specific trace elements that revealed a person's diet and exposure to certain metals.
A team of archaeologists has discovered the earliest known domestic cat in northern Eurasia, dating back to the late 8th century AD. The well-preserved skeleton revealed that humans cared for the tomcat, suggesting a longer history of human-cat interactions than previously thought.
A recent study published in Communications Biology reveals that osteoblasts use extracellular vesicles to send signaling molecules to immature osteoclasts, triggering their differentiation into mature cells. This process is crucial for bone repair and regeneration after a fracture.
Researchers use advanced X-ray technology to study ancient fish fossils, revealing modern features and challenging previous assumptions about tooth evolution. The findings suggest that the ancestors of modern vertebrates retained a common dental structure, with new teeth added on the inside, contrary to long-held perceptions.
A recent study found that breast feeding during infancy reduces lower limb fracture risk, while maternal smoking increases upper limb fracture risk in young adulthood. Exposures during fetal development and early life have lasting effects on bone health.
Research team found that gut Piezo1 stimulates serotonin production in enterochromaffin cells, regulating gut and bone health. Serotonin is critical for gut function, emotion regulation, and blood pressure control.
Researchers found that a diet dominated by vegetables, cereals, beef, and mutton remained largely unchanged after the Norman Conquest. Only short-term changes were observed, with pork becoming a more popular choice and dairy products used less.
Scientists have identified similarities between ancient New Zealand penguins and Northern Hemisphere plotopterids, suggesting both groups were strong swimmers that used their wings to propel them deep underwater. The study sheds light on how birds evolved to use their wings for swimming instead of flying.
Researchers at Duke University have created a cartilage-mimicking gel that is strong and durable, matching the properties of natural cartilage. The gel has been tested to withstand heavy loads and repeated stress without losing its shape or deteriorating over time.
Forensic investigators can now analyze fragile human remains without excessive handling, thanks to a new 3D printing technique. This approach allows for effective physical fit analysis and demonstrates the potential for improved evidence presentation in court.
Researchers have developed bioactive factors-imprinted scaffold vehicles to promote bone healing by improving the stability and half-life of exogenous biofactors. The vehicles were used in various forms, including rigid bone graft substitutes, soft sponge-like scaffolds, and injectable vehicles, to enhance bone repair.
Researchers at Texas A&M University created superior bone grafts using primitive stem cells, which help create fertile scaffolds needed for bone regeneration. These grafts could reduce inflammation, pain, and the need for revision surgeries, promoting swift and precise bone healing.
Low physical function and muscle mass after hip fracture increase the risk of accelerated bone deterioration in older patients. Substantial decrements in physical function, muscle strength occur after hip fracture, markedly increasing the risk for subsequent fractures.
Researchers analyzed remains from a 30,000-year-old burial site in France, revealing sorted bones and elaborate cave art. The study provides new insights into complex mortuary dynamics of the Gravettian culture.
Researchers have uncovered a previously unknown substructure in healthy bone tissue using new X-ray techniques, revealing deviations in the orientation of nanocrystals. This discovery has significant implications for understanding bone diseases and developing new biomaterials.
Researchers from the University of Nottingham found a rare bone in the hearts of wild chimpanzees, measuring only a few millimeters in size. This discovery could help advance the understanding and management of cardiovascular disease in these endangered animals.
The discovery of the ancient bird figurine from Lingjing site in China sheds light on humanity's earliest three-dimensional art. The figurine, dated to approximately 13.4-13.2 ka cal BP, features a technological and stylistic profile distinct from contemporaneous Western European and Siberian representations.
Material scientists at Friedrich Schiller University Jena have developed a calcium phosphate cement with added carbon fibers that can seal cracks and promote self-healing. This intrinsic ability could expand the use of bone implants to include load-bearing areas, improving outcomes for patients with fractures or defects.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science discovered the significance of protein Cpeb4 in the formation of osteoclasts, bone-dissolving cells responsible for osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. The study found that Cpeb4 plays a critical role in osteoclast differentiation, with its relocalization to nuclei influencing cell behavior.
A genetic risk score has been developed to help identify individuals who are likely to fracture early, even those with normal bone mass density. The study involved 11,351 participants and found that the genetic risk score can predict the timing of fractures in elderly people.
Researchers repurposed two ED medications to boost bone health, with tadalafil and vardenafil enhancing bone formation and preventing resorption. The findings suggest a potential new therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis treatment.
A new study by UC Santa Barbara researcher Douglas J. Kennett and collaborators found that maize had become a staple grain in the Americas 4,700 years ago, exceeding what is considered a staple grain. By 4,000 years ago, maize was persistently used as a staple, continuing through the Classic Maya period until today.
A PLOS study found nearly 29% of Jurassic bones bore theropod bites, with most targeting herbivores but some theropods feeding on each other. Scavenging may have been a response to food scarcity in stressed ecosystems.
Researchers have uncovered thousands of ancient animal bones at three sites in Ethiopia, showing early Muslim communities ate a diverse and sophisticated diet, including luxury goods from around the Red Sea. The discovery provides new insights into halal butchery practices and the spread of Islam in Africa.
A study published in The BMJ found a small increased risk of musculoskeletal malformations in babies born to mothers who took fluconazole during the first trimester, but no association with oral clefts or heart defects. The risk was higher for women taking higher doses.
Researchers at Uppsala University used synchrotron X-rays to study the organ of balance and surrounding blood vessels. The discovery of a drainage system may improve understanding of how Ménière's disease arises from fluid accumulation in the inner ear.
Researchers at Texas A&M University have developed new biomaterials to advance the field of 3D bioprinting functional tissues. They created a highly printable bioink that can be used to engineer 3D-functional bone tissues, which could potentially create new treatments for patients suffering from arthritis and bone fractures.
Researchers analyzed fossil hand joints to find evidence of dual hand use in ancient humans. The discovery supports the idea that the transition to walking on two legs was gradual, with early humans using their hands for both precision grips and branch grasping.
A global survey of 121 fracture liaison services from 31 countries found that adherence to basic DXA quality and reporting procedures was confirmed by less than 50% of services. The study emphasizes the need for targeted education for DXA machine operators and interpreters, particularly in adopting globally-endorsed standards.
A new bone-graft biomaterial supercooled before application could eliminate pain and improve smile outcomes for dental patients. The material, combining octacalcium phosphate with collagen, has shown superior bone regenerative properties compared to earlier substitutes.
Adult skates have a specialized type of progenitor cell that creates new cartilage. Newly healed skate cartilage does not form scar tissue. This discovery may lead to better understanding of how to stop human stem-cell therapies from differentiating into bone, offering hope for cartilage repair therapy.
New discoveries at Bacho Kiro Cave in Bulgaria reveal the earliest evidence of Homo sapiens in Europe, with fossils dating back to 45,820 years ago. The findings indicate that Homo sapiens arrived in Europe and interacted with Neanderthals, bringing new behaviors and tools.
Scientists found dairy residues in ancient pots from hunter-gatherer sites in Lesotho, dating to the 1st millennium AD, confirming contact with farming communities. The discovery suggests that hunter-gatherers adopted animal husbandry techniques from their lowland counterparts.
A new study published in Journal of Bone and Mineral Research found that organic nitrates do not have a clinically relevant effect on bone mineral density or bone turnover in postmenopausal women. The treatment caused significant side effects, casting doubt on previous research reporting large positive effects of nitrates on bone health.
A study published in eLife found that rapamycin, an immune-suppressing drug, reduces bone loss, inflammation, and changes to oral bacteria in older mice with gum disease. The treatment also reversed clinical features of periodontal disease, suggesting a potential approach for age-related dental problems.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have created a self-adapting material that can change its stiffness in response to applied force, mimicking how human bone adjusts to its environment. This advancement holds promise for developing materials that can self-reinforce damaged areas and accelerate treatment of bone-related diseases.
Researchers from Chinese Academy of Sciences develop new strontium-substituted bioactive glass bone cement, optimizing strontium concentration to improve bone formation and implant contact. They find optimal osteogenic characteristics with 6 mol% SrO addition, supporting better peri-implant bone regeneration.
Researchers analyzed ancient potsherds to find clues about the diet and subsistence practices of ancient East African pastoralists. They discovered that ruminant meat, bones, and marrow were a staple, while milk residues were present at low frequencies.