Articles tagged with Bones
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers found evidence of malaria in ancient hunter-gatherer skeletons in Vietnam dated to approximately 7000 years ago. This discovery changes the entire understanding of the relationship between humans and malaria, suggesting that the disease was a threat to human groups long before farming.
Researchers from the University of Bonn have developed a new method to identify and separate individual dinosaur fossils by analyzing bone tissue. By examining the growth patterns, vascularization, and annual rings in fossilized bones, scientists can now determine whether a particular bone belongs to a specific animal or skeleton.
Scientists at the University of Chicago have developed a gel material that strengthens when exposed to vibration, increasing its strength by 66 times. The material selectively strengthens itself in specific areas where it is stressed to a higher degree.
Researchers have successfully grown a lifelike piece of bone tissue from human stem cells, providing unprecedented understanding of the complex process of bone formation. The new organoid contains two types of cells that are essential for successful bone development and offers promising possibilities for personalized medicine.
Researchers analyzed nationwide data to find a strong correlation between kidney stones and osteoporosis or bone fracture diagnoses. The study suggests that bone density screening may be necessary for individuals with kidney stones, particularly middle-aged and older men at risk of osteoporosis or fracture.
A RUDN University professor has developed a method to calculate the permeability of bone implants by biological fluids. The study found that both porosity and pore size affect material permeability, with higher porosity leading to increased permeability.
Researchers have discovered a new type of bone cell called 'osteomorphs' that may reveal new therapeutic approaches for osteoporosis and other skeletal diseases. The cells have a unique genomic profile, suggesting promising targets for therapy.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center identified a mechanism by which exercise strengthens bones and immune function. Movement-induced stimulation creates a specialized environment in the bone marrow that promotes the formation of new bone cells and immune cells.
A new study followed 30,446 middle-aged individuals and found that older age, female sex, and low leisure-time physical activity are associated with a higher likelihood of experiencing a fracture. The study highlights the importance of these factors in public health initiatives for fracture prevention.
A University of Oregon scientist has identified myeloid-derived suppressor cells and immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 as early predictors of treatment response in trauma cases. Abnormal immune suppression may lead to poor bone healing, motivating the need for biomarkers that can predict patient outcomes.
Researchers found that delayed treatment improved surgical outcomes and reduced complications for facial bone injuries. The 'Critical Revascularization Period' allows for healing and formation of new blood vessels, improving oxygen supply and reducing morbidity.
Researchers have discovered that abnormal skeletal differentiation and remodelling are key causes of ciliopathic micrognathia in a chick model. The study sheds light on the etiology of human ciliopathic micrognathia, highlighting distinct cellular processes impaired during its onset.
Scientists identify critical enzyme KDM4B as key factor in skeletal aging and bone loss, leading to brittle bones and fractures. The study provides promising insights into the development of strategies to reverse bone-fat imbalance and prevent osteoporosis.
Researchers developed a bioactive coating that sequentially turns on and off inflammation on bone implants under osteoporotic conditions. The coating harnesses the power of immune responses to enhance implanting efficacy without increasing the number or stimulating function of bone cells.
A study at the University of Helsinki found that replacing animal protein with plant-based proteins can increase bone resorption, potentially harming bone health. Ensuring adequate calcium and vitamin D intakes is crucial when adopting a plant-based diet.
Researchers at NYU Tandon and NYSF have developed a system to sculpt bone tissue with features smaller than a single protein, opening doors for disease modeling, cell research, and targeted therapies. The technology could revolutionize drug discovery and develop better orthopedic implants.
Researchers developed a computational model to calculate 'skeletal age', a personalised estimate of an individual's risk of bone fracture and premature death. The skeletal age calculator aims to better identify those at risk of a first bone fracture and subsequent fractures, as well as estimates how fractures impact life expectancy.
A team of researchers from Osaka University has identified a novel mechanism by which the protein Smurf2 regulates bone formation through the BMP signaling pathway. The study found that Smurf2 uses ubiquitination to mark messenger proteins for destruction, leading to reduced bone mass and formation rates in mice without Smurf2.
Harvard scientists engineered zebrafish with limb-like appendages through a single genetic mutation, revealing the beginning formation of limb structures and their potential to evolve from fins. The discovery sheds light on vertebrate evolution, fin-to-limb transition, and the complex structures that enable land movement.
Researchers have uncovered evidence of what may be the earliest-known use of symbols, dating back to around 120,000 years ago. The discovery was made on a bone fragment in central Israel and features six similar etchings that are believed to hold symbolic or spiritual significance.
Researchers analyzed human, animal skeletons and plant remains to study the evolution of the Swiss diet during the Bronze Age. They found no differences in diet between men, women, or children, but a shift towards more intense agriculture and the introduction of new cereals like millet.
Researchers found that pentosidine and carboxymethyl-lysine, two types of advanced glycation end products, are significantly associated with prevalent vertebral fracture in postmenopausal women. The study suggests that these AGEs may impact bone status via different mechanisms, contributing to impaired bone quality.
Researchers at the University of New South Wales have created a novel ceramic-based ink that enables 3D printing of bone-like structures complete with living cells. This breakthrough technology allows for in-situ fabrication of bone tissue, which may revolutionize bone repair and regeneration techniques.
Researchers have discovered fossils of tiny tyrannosaur embryos that provide insight into the early stages of these colossal animals. The discovery sheds light on the size and appearance of baby tyrannosaurs, which could grow up to 40 feet in length and weigh eight tonnes.
A new review describes the current status of commercial assays for Procollagen type I N-propeptide (PINP) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) in blood. The authors recommend harmonization or standardization of these assays to improve clinical implementation and international multicentre trials.
Researchers identify a unique population of skeletal stem cells that mark a transitional phase in bone growth and maintenance, which may hold clues to preventing osteoporosis. The study's findings provide new insights into the regulation of these cells and their potential role in bone health.
A novel taxonomic classification of rare congenital diseases with an impact on bone physiology has been established. The classification system groups disorders according to systemic disease, genetic defect, pathophysiology of bone phenotype, and therapy, providing a framework for diagnosis and treatment.
A new study found that gut microbes can affect bone mass and structure in mice, with treatments altering the gut microbiome potentially aiding healthy skeletal growth. The findings suggest that microbes can be inherited or transmitted between individuals and impact skeletal development.
Researchers found that osteoporosis drug denosumab can protect patients from osteolysis, reduce the need for re-operations and decrease the health burden of this disease. This could lead to a significant reduction in the number of repeat hip replacement operations.
A new study published in the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research found that living alone after experiencing a hip fracture may further elevate this risk. Living alone was associated with a 37% higher risk of death in men and a 23% higher risk in women, compared to those living with a partner.
A long-term study has discovered dozens of new genetic markers associated with bone mineral accrual, which could help identify causes of osteoporosis earlier in life through genetic testing. The findings suggest that risk of fractures occurring later in life may be identifiable in childhood and could lead to tailored interventions.
Researchers have identified a rare genetic bone disorder by using precision medicine strategies, uncovering mutations in the LAMA5 gene that cause extreme bone fragility and skeletal deformity. The study also revealed a new signaling pathway governing skeleton formation, which could be used for common bone conditions.
A team of researchers has found evidence that Neandertals buried their dead, with a two-year-old child discovered at the Ferrassie site in France. The discovery dates back to around 41,000 years ago and provides new insights into the burial practices of our ancient relatives.
Researchers create a sodium cathode material inspired by mammal bones, featuring a porous system with a dense shell of reduced graphene oxide. The design enhances stability and allows for ultrahigh rate charging and long cycle life.
Females who participated in competitive sport during adolescence had better fitness at midlife, with higher lean mass and bone density. A later age of menarche was associated with lower bone density, regardless of physical activity levels.
Researchers Marco Fielder and Arun Nair found that water and mineral content variations significantly impact collagen fibril behavior, leading to bio-composites with improved mechanical stability. Composites with 40% mineralization were twice as strong as those without minerals, regardless of water content.
Researchers from UIC have discovered distinct pathways for bone and teeth formation, which can be manipulated to enhance healing processes. This breakthrough has significant implications for developing new treatments to cure dental diseases and bone injuries.
A 25-year follow-up study found that obese women have an increased risk of hip fracture before age 70, especially those with below-average bone density. Women at the borderline between normal weight and overweight had the lowest risk all the way until old age.
Researchers induced KLF2 in dental pulp-derived stem cells to promote osteoblast differentiation and increase bone growth. The study aims to reduce the occurrence and severity of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and other bone diseases.
A team of researchers has discovered a new species of Polynesian sandpiper, the Prosobonia sauli, from fossilized bones found on Henderson Island. The bird is believed to have gone extinct soon after humans arrived on the island, which archaeologists estimate happened no earlier than the eleventh century.
Researchers propose that declining hip fracture rates may be linked to generational differences in lifetime lead exposure, with bone mineral density and risk of fractures decreasing as lead levels decrease. The authors suggest that assessing lead levels in bones removed during hip replacements could help validate this hypothesis.
Researchers analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 to find a high burden of musculoskeletal disorders across the globe. The team found approximately 1.3 billion prevalent cases and 121,300 deaths due to these conditions.
A large-scale study found that LDCT scans can identify a significant number of adults with low bone mineral density, equating to 49 million and 22.8 million Chinese citizens, respectively. The study revealed an unexpectedly high prevalence of osteoporosis in men, which may impact management strategies.
Researchers found that measures such as grip strength and lean mass are associated with bone density in premenopausal women, particularly those who engage in substantial physical activity. The study also highlights the importance of considering lifestyle factors beyond just body size and age.
A new ceramic artificial bone coating has been developed with improved adhesion strength, enabling robust coating on metal and polymer surfaces. This breakthrough reduces production cost and time for implant procedures, addressing issues such as inflammation and loose implants.
Researchers have discovered that the iconic Clovis spear-point and other distinctive tools were created by North America's earliest inhabitants for only a brief 300-year period. This finding provides new insights into the origin and demise of the Clovis culture, which once occupied the continent at the end of the last Ice Age.
Research published in Thorax finds a clear association between steroid treatment and an increased risk of osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Patients prescribed high doses or multiple courses of steroid tablets were more likely to develop these conditions, highlighting the need for bone protection guidance in asthma management.
A new study from the University of South Australia reveals that children need a specific balance of physical activity, sleep, and sedentary time to optimize their bone health. The ideal combination includes 1.5 hours of moderate-to-vigorous exercise, 10.9 hours of sleep, and careful moderation of sedentary activities.
Researchers developed biocompatible tissue grafts that repaired both bone and cartilage in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of pigs. The study showed promising results with intact grafts after 6 months, outperforming existing designs.
A study found that carnivores near people consume over half of their diets from human food sources, disrupting ecosystems. This reliance increases competition among predators, potentially leading to conflicts and detrimental ecological consequences.
Researchers discovered that immobilizing extremities alters the way stem cells interact with their extracellular environment, switching their fate from becoming debilitating bone to benign fat. This finding could help doctors optimize healing in patients with extremity injuries.
A new study reveals that stem cells contribute to the formation of osteophytes, or pathological bone spurs, in arthritis patients. The researchers identified a specific type of stem cell with activity in the Sox9 gene as the major culprit behind this process.
Researchers at Radboud University Medical Center have redefined bone formation, finding that it does not require complex biomolecules in collagen. This breakthrough simplifies the production of bone substitutes and biomaterials.
A new study from Kanazawa University finds that combining antibiotics with antibiotic-laden stem cells effectively treats implant-related bone infections. The researchers used mesenchymal stem cells to deliver ciprofloxacin, which showed strong antimicrobial effects and improved outcomes in animal models of osteomyelitis.
A new study by Nagoya University reveals that narrow-range ultraviolet LED irradiation increases serum vitamin D levels and prevents the loss of bone and muscle mass in aging mice. This safe and stable method could be a promising approach for preventing and treating osteosarcopenia, a condition affecting daily life.
A research team led by Steven Emslie discovered an ancient Adélie penguin colony at Cape Irizar, Antarctica, which has been preserved for thousands of years under the ice. The study found three occupation periods of the cape, with the last one ending around 800 years ago.
A survey of 250 women orthopaedic surgeons found that 68% reported experiencing sexual harassment during their training, with common types including obscene images, unwanted touching, and invitations. Despite efforts to recruit more women and increase leadership positions, the problem persists, emphasizing the need for targeted trainin...
A new material has been developed to transplant bone-forming stem cells into severe bone fractures and speed up the healing process. The bone-like bandage is coated in a protein used for growth and repair, allowing it to enhance the natural ability of bones to heal.
WSU researchers have developed a new approach using soy-based compounds to reduce bone cancer cell viability and promote healthy bone cell growth. The slow release of these compounds from 3D-printed scaffolds showed promise in reducing inflammation and improving overall recovery.
Researchers found Botox short-term use in low doses does not cause significant bone loss, while higher doses were associated with reduced bone density. Long-term studies are needed to track potential cumulative effects.