Articles tagged with Bones
The discovery of Qilinyu rostrata expands our understanding of maxillate placoderms and reveals a complex relationship between marginal jaw bones and gnathal plates. The study finds that the maxilla, premaxilla, and dentary are homologous to the gnathal plates of placoderms, suggesting a shared dental arcade.
Researchers identify SIK2 enzyme as key to improved osteoporosis treatment, reducing bone breakdown and stimulating formation in animal model. A new compound YKL-05-099 mimics PTH effects, safely stimulating bone growth while suppressing bone resorption.
Abaloparatide stimulates bone formation without affecting resorption, reducing fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The study's preclinical data are promising for continued development of abaloparatide as an osteoporosis treatment.
UK adolescents are at high risk of vitamin D deficiency due to limited sun exposure and northern latitudes' insufficient sunlight during winter. A study revealed the necessary vitamin D intake for adolescents is between 10-30 ug/day to maintain adequate levels and avoid deficiency.
A team of researchers used synchrotron x-ray tomography to study a 424 million-year-old fossil fish's jawbone, providing new insights into the origin of tooth replacement. The findings suggest that the process evolved independently in two different groups of early vertebrates, using distinct mechanisms.
A new study published in The FASEB Journal found that early life exposure to a diet high in soy protein isolate can protect against serious bone loss during adulthood. This is the first time scientists have used an animal model to show concrete evidence of a protective effect of an early-life soy protein isolate diet on adult bone loss.
Researchers used genetic profiling to predict osteoporosis risk in individuals with high accuracy, improving classification by 12% compared to traditional clinical risk factors. The findings have the potential to revolutionize bone disease management and treatment for Australia's 1.2 million osteoporosis sufferers.
A new report by the International Osteoporosis Foundation identifies 10 major care gaps that are preventing early assessment and treatment of osteoporosis. The report highlights the need for better case finding, communication, and public awareness to tackle the global healthcare crisis arising from fragility fractures.
The osteotome technique provides a gentle method for immediate dental implant placement, retaining total bone mass and improving its quality. This technique also allows for increased tactile sensitivity, minimally invasive procedures, and faster prosthetic restoration.
A recent expert review from the International Osteoporosis Foundation confirms that both type 1 and type 2 diabetes increase the risk of bone fragility. The mechanisms behind this include hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and microvascular complications, which alter bone turnover and material properties.
A new study found that prevention programs significantly reduce the risk of ankle injuries in soccer players. These programs include neuromuscular, proprioceptive, strengthening, and stretching exercises, and have been shown to be effective in reducing injury rates by up to 40%.
Researchers discovered that fluoxetine, an antidepressant, causes bone loss by increasing epinephrine levels and impairing bone formation. However, co-treating with low-dose beta-blockers may prevent this effect. This finding has significant implications for preventing fractures in peri- and postmenopausal women.
The Artazu VII site contains at least 40 species of micro- and macro-vertebrates, including extinct species like cave lion and steppe bison, preserved in anatomical connection. The site reflects the fauna in the area during the Upper Pleistocene epoch, providing high-resolution palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental insights.
Scientists at University of Würzburg have crystallized an antibody effective against Sclerostin, a protein involved in bone metabolism. The findings offer a promising treatment option for osteoporosis, a condition that affects elderly women and increases the risk of fractures.
A new orthotopic animal model has been created to study metastasis in Ewing sarcoma, allowing researchers to replicate the primary tumor's growth environment. The model provides valuable insights into metastatic processes and may become a tool for analyzing metastatic potential in other sarcomas.
Researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University have successfully stimulated local bone augmentation in mice jawbones using a protein/peptide combination carried by an injectable gel carrier. The study demonstrates the potential for non-surgical treatment of alveolar bone loss, which may lead to tooth loss.
New research from Purdue University suggests that soluble corn fiber can help young women build bone and retain calcium during adolescence, while also preserving bone health in older women post-menopause. The studies found improved bone calcium retention and absorption by 4.8% to 7%.
A Boston research team found that CT attenuation measurements can be used to differentiate between untreated osteoblastic (bone-related) metastases and enostoses (benign bone lesions). This discovery may help avoid unnecessary biopsies and radiologic studies.
Scientists have discovered that melanocortin agonism may effectively control the inflammation in gum tissue, leading to reduced alveolar bone resorption and improved quality of life. This innovative approach has opened new possibilities for treating gum disease.
A team of Osaka University researchers has developed a method to visualize the function of bone-resorbing cells (osteoclasts) in living mice. This allows for the measurement of bone resorption intensity, enabling early diagnosis and screening of new therapeutic drugs.
A study suggests that ancient Teotihuacan residents bred and managed rabbits and hares for their diet, which includes human-farmed crops. This finding indicates small mammal husbandry in Mesoamerica.
The discovery of 25 little bones in India suggests that primates native to the region played a crucial role in the early evolution of primates. The bones, dated to around 54.5 million years ago, show primitive features that do not clearly belong to either clade and may represent an early stage of primate evolution.
Researchers identified human remains on Oronsay island from the Late Mesolithic era, shedding light on Britain's transition to agriculture. The study used innovative bone collagen analysis techniques to determine species and diet of prehistoric groups.
A new study by University of Toronto researchers found that increased Gαq/11 signaling inhibits the anabolic response to PTH and exercise in mice. This suggests that suppressing Gαq/11 signaling could be a promising target for treating bone loss.
Kelly Schultz's NIH-funded project focuses on characterizing how mesenchymal stem cells interact with synthetic material to advance biomaterial design and tissue engineering. By understanding cell behavior in 3D environments, researchers hope to engineer cells to move faster, enabling quicker wound healing and tissue regeneration.
A new review published by the IFCC-IOF Working Group for Standardisation of Bone Marker Assays supports the potential for bone turnover markers to provide clinically useful information. The study highlights the importance of standardization and harmonization of units for reporting serum/plasma CTX and PINP concentrations.
Researchers analyze human bite marks on lamb bones to develop new method for identifying ancient meals. The study found that over half of the bones bore human bite marks, allowing for the differentiation between human and animal consumption.
Researchers at Drexel University discovered that a specific type of ceramic scaffold causes macrophages to transform into an M2c phenotype, promoting bone regeneration. Direct contact between macrophages and scaffolds is essential for this process.
A new study suggests a dual-targeting drug candidate could treat both type 2 diabetes and bone disease by expanding bone formation and turnover. The compound has shown promise in increasing bone mass regardless of body mass index.
A study by University of Wisconsin-Madison professor Laura Hernandez found that increased serotonin levels lead to increased calcium levels in dairy cows, which could help treat milk fever. However, this effect may also cause bone loss in lactating women who take selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) while breastfeeding.
Researchers at the University of Nottingham have secured £1.2m to develop injectable stem cell-carrying materials to treat osteoporosis and other bone-thinning diseases. The targeted therapy aims to promote bone regeneration through a quick, easy, and minimally-invasive treatment.
Scientists at McMaster University have discovered a clear way to measure past changes in vitamin D deficiency, which affects over 1 billion people worldwide. They analyzed the microscopic structure of ancient teeth to reveal anomalies formed in dentin layers during periods of low sun exposure.
Researchers at Hokkaido University have developed a new kind of hydrogel that bonds spontaneously and strongly to defected bones. The gel overcomes the problem of bonding with other surfaces by adding hydroxyapatite to its surface.
A study found that a twice daily program of assisted range-of-motion exercises significantly improves bone strength in very low birth weight pre-term infants. This could lead to a reduced risk of osteopenia and future fractures.
High-risk osteoporosis patients often underdiagnosed and undertreated, despite effective fracture-preventing medications. The authors call for improved diagnosis and therapy to prevent fractures in this high-risk population.
Researchers found that metal ions released by cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloys impair mesenchymal stromal cells' ability to differentiate into osteoblasts. This can lead to premature bone loss and revision surgery. The study's findings highlight the need for improved implant design and composition to optimize patient safety.
Researchers developed a technique to coat polymer implants with a bioactive film that significantly increases bonding between the implant and surrounding bone. The coating improved bone formation, density, and toughness of the implant, leading to better implant fixation.
Columbia University researchers develop groundbreaking technique to repair large bone defects in the head and face with lab-grown living bone. The innovative approach, which uses autologous stem cells derived from a patient's fat, enables precise anatomical replication and active bone remodeling.
Research finds high-impact physical activity strengthens bones in children genetically predisposed to weakness, even at a young age. High-impact activities like gymnastics and soccer show significant benefits for improved bone health.
A recent study found that sodium fluoride (Na-F-18) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (NaF-PET/CT) accurately detects bone metastases in patients with advanced prostate cancer. The imaging modality also correlates clearly with clinical outcomes and patient survival over time.
Researchers at MIT have designed a new bioinspired framework to improve concrete's strength and durability. By studying natural materials such as bones and shells, they have developed guidelines for engineers to design cement with precise control over its internal structure and properties.
Neanderthals in Europe showed signs of nutritional stress due to extreme cold, suggesting climate change was a contributing factor to their demise. Their remains revealed more intense bone processing during colder periods, highlighting the impact of harsh environments on human evolution.
Stem cells can be stimulated to produce special cartilage that aids in repairing severely broken bones. Cartilage production helps bridge larger gaps and even transforms into bone throughout the lesion.
A study of elite Paralympic athletes with cerebral palsy found that exercise improves bone mineral density, but reduces muscle mass on the affected side. The research suggests that high levels of exercise from a young age may be beneficial to individuals with CP.
The study found a positive association between placental size and offspring bone mass at various ages, even after adjusting for factors such as height, weight, and pubertal status. Larger bones in early life are expected to lead to stronger bones in older adulthood, reducing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures.
Researchers found that probiotics tighten gut permeability and dampen inflammatory signals that drive immune cells to break down bone. Probiotic supplements protected female mice from bone density loss after ovarian removal.
A new study links gut bacteria to post-menopausal bone loss, showing probiotics can prevent this condition by attenuating inflammation. Treatment with probiotics also reduced bone loss in normal mice, highlighting therapeutic potential for probiotics in osteoporosis prevention.
Researchers explore contraceptive options for astronauts who want to prevent menstrual bleeding during space missions. Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) appear to have advantages for spaceflight, but more research is needed on the impact of hormone treatments on bone mineral loss.
Analysis of a new fossil suggests that giant dinosaurs like Rapetosaurus krausei were born with adult-like body proportions, allowing for early independence. This finding implies that parental care was less crucial for these species compared to others.
Professor Serge Ferrari has been recognized with the International Osteoporosis Foundation's 2016 Olof Johnell Science Award for his significant work in bone health, genetics of osteoporosis, and bone remodeling. He is a leading thought leader in the field, known for translating new research findings into improved patient care.
Professor Eugene McCloskey was recognized for his significant advancements in vertebral fracture definition, osteoporosis epidemiology, and non-invasive assessments of bone strength. He has contributed to the development of the FRAX tool and published over 250 peer-reviewed publications.
Researchers have identified new molecular targets for treating musculoskeletal diseases such as sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Several promising treatment options are expected to be available in the near future.
A biomechanics team at Trinity College Dublin discovered how insects construct internal bandages to mend damaged limbs, restoring approximately two-thirds of their original strength. This innovative repair mechanism allows insects to function almost normally after a cut, promoting survival in the wild.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have developed a model showing a newer surgical technique results in a stronger, more natural ACL repair. The new suspensory fixation method reduces cell and tissue damage to the graft, allowing for full functional healing.
A new study found that bone fracture rates differ significantly across the UK, with Scotland and Northern Ireland having the highest rates. The risk is also influenced by age, sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic status.
A recent study found that surgery to remove overactive parathyroid glands is associated with significantly fewer bone fractures compared to treatment with bisphosphonate medications. This suggests that medication may not be the most effective option for treating hyperparathyroidism, which is a leading cause of osteoporosis.
Scientists challenge previous findings on the ancient species, concluding they disappeared soon after humans arrived in Flores. New dates suggest Homo floresiensis may have lived until around 50,000 years ago, with evidence of simple stone tools persisting until then.
A new Simon Fraser University study documents taphonomy of a pig carcass in the Strait of Georgia, showing a dramatically different scavenging progression than earlier studies. The research provides valuable information for recovery divers and can aid in estimating minimum submergence times and identifying water exposure.
New fossils from Kenya reveal Australopithecus afarensis lived beyond Great Rift Valley and farther than previously thought. The discovery sheds light on the species' adaptability and distribution range.
Researchers have identified rare genetic changes that significantly increase bone density in girls, which may protect against osteoporosis and fractures in women. The study highlights the importance of promoting bone health during childhood and adolescence to reduce future risks.