Articles tagged with Bones
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A recent study highlights the risk of catastrophic complications from failure of modular head-neck prostheses in hip-replacement surgery. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery has issued a 'Watch' to raise awareness and encourage further research into this issue.
Researchers are developing 3D-printed biodegradable polymer scaffolds to accelerate bone growth in head and neck injuries. The technology has the potential to produce mechanically strong replaced bone with minimal inflammation and within a short healing period.
Researchers investigate how mechanical loading affects bone strength and disease-related fragility by studying collagen's biological mechanism. The study aims to deliver new understanding of mechanically-induced adaptation in bone and provide ways to target bone disease through collagen modulation.
A new test measures changes in calcium isotope ratios to monitor bone diseases like osteoporosis and multiple myeloma. The test, validated on NASA space shuttle astronauts' blood samples, shows promise for near-time monitoring of bone health.
A Vanderbilt study found that breaking down fibrin is essential for fracture repair, contradicting previous assumptions. The study also suggests that impaired fibrin clearance may be a key factor in conditions like obesity and diabetes impeding fracture healing.
A team of Vanderbilt investigators has discovered that fibrin breakdown is essential for fracture healing, contradicting previous assumptions. The findings have significant implications for efforts to promote fracture repair and may lead to new treatments by reducing or enhancing fibrin levels.
Two classes of inexpensive generic drugs, aromatase inhibitors and bisphosphonates, have been shown to improve survival prospects for postmenopausal women with early breast cancer. The combination of the two types of drug may also increase benefits while decreasing some side-effects.
A new study found that the administration of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic component of cannabis, significantly enhances the healing process of bone fractures. The study, conducted on rats with mid-femoral fractures, showed that CBD markedly improves bone healing after just eight weeks.
A study found that GPR40 deficiency leads to an aggravated OA phenotype characterized by higher cartilage breakdown and subchondral bone sclerosis. Activation of GPR40 protects joints from OA, providing new insights into innovative strategies for OA management.
Researchers found that hibernating black bears suppress resorption of bone tissue to maintain their skeleton, protecting bones by reducing resorption. This discovery provides insights into how these animals conserve energy and bone mass during long periods of inactivity.
Scientists have developed a novel technique for bioprinting at ambient temperatures, creating a paste capable of incorporating cells and proteins. This innovative material can sustain stresses similar to cancellous bone and is being explored as an injectable bone defect filler or scaffold for larger reconstructions.
Researchers found two distinct gene signals associated with bone strength, one specific to girls and another for boys. These genetic variants are linked to lower bone mineral density, increasing the risk of wrist fractures in children. The study's findings may inform targeted recommendations for children carrying these genetic risks.
A special issue of Calcified Tissue International & Musculoskeletal Research explores the relationship between bone material properties and skeletal fragility. The collection of reviews provides a comprehensive overview of the latest findings on mineral, collagen, and water compartments in bone.
Researchers discovered a link between heart disease and lower bone mineral density, with women more affected. The study suggests that heart disease may weaken bones, increasing risk of fractures.
Researchers at NYU Polytechnic School of Engineering and NYU School of Medicine are exploring a new method to amplify the body's signaling system for recruiting bone-forming stem cells to injured areas. They plan to focus on a single recruitment factor, CXCL12, which they hypothesize plays key roles in promoting osteogenesis.
A comprehensive classification of rare genetic metabolic bone disorders has been developed, categorizing them into four major groups based on their metabolic pathway. This taxonomy provides valuable information for diagnosis, genetic testing, and the development of orphan drugs.
Use of bisphosphonates declined by 50% from 2008 to 2012 following media reports on rare fractures. The study published in Journal of Bone and Mineral Research reveals a dramatic drop in osteoporosis medication use.
A genetically engineered mouse with weaker bones has a strong metabolism, suggesting a potential link between bone health and obesity-related type 2 diabetes. The study highlights the endocrine role of bone in regulating metabolism, and its exploration may lead to new avenues for treatment.
Researchers discovered a statistically significant increase in osteoblast formation when human mesenchymal stem cells were treated with the compound SR2595, which targets PPARy. The findings demonstrate a new therapeutic application for drugs targeting PPARy and may have broader implications for treating metabolic and bone diseases.
A new study from the University of Copenhagen found that using the intestinal hormone GLP-1 in obesity treatment prevents bone loss and increases blood levels of bone formation markers. This has significant implications for future obesity treatment, particularly for menopausal women at risk of osteoporosis.
Research published in BMJ Open found that weekend screen time is associated with lower bone mineral density in teen boys, while teenage girls with different body fat distribution may be protected from the negative effects of screen time on their bones. The study suggests that persisting associations between sedentary activities and bon...
Researchers at the University of Liverpool use digital modeling to reassess the mass of Dreadnoughtus, a massive plant-eating dinosaur. They find that estimates of 60 tonnes and above are unlikely, suggesting it may have weighed between 30-40 tonnes.
Researchers discovered an enzyme called LysYl Oxidase (LOX) that enhances the spread of breast cancer to the bone. Treatment with bisphosphonate, a class of existing drugs for osteoporosis, has shown promise in preventing bone damage and tumour cell metastasis.
A recent study published in the BMJ finds that anti-osteoporotic medication is not effective in preventing hip fractures among older adults. The research highlights that falls and balance disorders are more significant contributors to hip fractures than bone brittleness, challenging current treatment strategies.
The dominant approach to hip fracture prevention is neither viable nor cost-effective, according to experts. The focus on drug treatment overlooks feasible alternative strategies like physical activity, which can have little to do with osteoporosis but are often overlooked.
Researchers found a 35,000-year-old wolf bone in Siberia that reveals the most recent common ancestor of modern wolves and dogs. The discovery sheds light on the early origins of dog domestication, with implications for our understanding of human-wolf relationships.
A study found that osteoporosis screening rates increased among women at age 50, despite guidelines suggesting screening at age 65 unless risk factors are present. The presence of risk factors had a modest influence on screening decisions.
Researchers used chemical signatures on otoliths to track Alaska's Bristol Bay salmon, revealing birthplaces and life histories. The technique can help scientists understand freshwater habitats and conservation efforts for Chinook salmon populations.
A team of researchers has developed a novel method to regenerate bone tissue using the protein signals produced by stem cells. The approach is more sustainable and less risky than current standard therapies, which rely on ground-up bones from cadavers.
A green dye called TAPP can kill bacteria on bone fragments and break up biofilms when exposed to light, reducing the risk of infections during reconstructive surgery. The study found that the dye binds tightly to bone without leaching out into surrounding fluid, suggesting a safe and non-toxic application.
A new University of Alberta study reveals that older workers (65+ years old) are more susceptible to severe injuries but less likely to receive modified work duties or rehabilitation. Researchers call for a revised approach to assess and treat injured workers, prioritizing their return to work.
Researchers at the University of Toronto's Faculty of Dentistry have identified Adseverin as a key driver behind bone loss associated with periodontitis and other inflammatory diseases. The protein plays a critical role in generating larger osteoclasts, leading to rapid bone loss.
Researchers at University of Cincinnati uncover evidence that bison, deer and other present-day species survived Ice Age climate change, while mammoths and mastodons perished. Fossil analysis reveals radical shifts in environmental temperature and vegetation, forcing animals to adapt or die.
A study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that people with osteoporosis are at a 1.76-fold higher risk of developing sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Researchers analyzed medical records of over 10,600 individuals with osteoporosis and found that they were more likely to be diag...
Researchers at Arizona State University are working with the University of Tennessee's Anthropological Research Facility to analyze human remains using isotopic analysis. The team aims to determine a person's diet, birthplace, and travel history using oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, strontium, and lead isotopes.
Scientists discovered that a species of bone-eating worm, Osedax, originated at least 100 million years ago and subsisted on prehistoric reptile bones. The discovery suggests that Osedax may have prevented many skeletons from becoming fossilized, affecting our knowledge of extinct marine life.
A study found that dialysis patients with high parathyroid hormone levels and subsequent bone loss are at risk for worsening coronary artery calcification. Monitoring these factors could help prevent cardiovascular problems and early death in dialysis patients.
A newly developed drug may also be effective in treating brittle bone disease, a rare genetic disorder that affects bone formation. The therapy has shown promising results in young mice with the condition, with no reduction in midshaft bone strength after treatment stopped.
A UNSW Australia collaboration uses previously top-secret technology to image whole body organs at a cellular level, reducing analysis time from 25 years to weeks. The technology, developed with Google algorithms, explores osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, revealing connections between blood, bone, lymphatics, and muscle.
A recent study found that over one-third of Division I college athletes have low vitamin D levels, with male and darker-skinned athletes at greatest risk. The study suggests that correcting these levels may improve performance and reduce injury risk through modifications to diet, sunlight exposure, and supplementation.
A Swedish study shows that implementing Fracture Liaison Services can prevent a significant number of fractures, saving lives and reducing healthcare costs. The model predicts a reduction in fractures by 50% among patients identified with bone mineral testing, resulting in 19 quality-adjusted life years saved.
A study by the University of Adelaide reveals that black bream in the Coorong estuary employ a 'bet-hedging' strategy to survive, migrating between locations based on water and food availability. This adaptation helps the species resist climate change and human impacts.
A new hand-held instrument called OsteoProbe measures the bone material strength index (BMSi), which predicts bone fracture risk. The device is more sensitive than standard measurement techniques and can detect changes in cortical bone indentation following treatment with osteoporosis therapies.
Researchers at Children's Hospital Los Angeles have identified a new role for VEGFA in the metastasis of neuroblastoma. The study found that an increase in bone deposition occurs when NB cells metastasize to the bone, driven by VEGFA, leading to increased bone resorption and severe bone loss.
A new study has identified protein modification needed to treat IBMPFD, a rare and deadly genetic disorder. The researchers found that changing the p47 protein could lead to proper cellular functions in cells with mutated p97, opening the door for potential treatments or prevention.
A new study found that gastric bypass surgery in adolescents significantly improved bone density, which returned to normal levels within two years. The results suggest that obesity surgery may have favorable effects on the adolescent skeleton.
A new study has uncovered seven different species of crocodiles co-existing in the same place and time, filling gaps in understanding the Amazon's rich biodiversity. The research suggests that a peak in mollusk diversity was correlated with the rise of 'durophagous' crocodiles, which went extinct when the mega-wetlands transformed.
Researchers tracked over 2,500 Newark children to chart the progression of localized aggressive periodontitis, a genetic disease affecting 2% of African-American adolescents. The study aims to pinpoint biological markers in saliva that can predict bone loss and identify affected teeth.
Researchers report a breakthrough in treating hypophosphatasia, a fatal genetic bone disease, by combining bone marrow transplants with mesenchymal stem cell transplants. The treatment has shown promising results in improving bone mineralization and survival rates for infants with severe hypophosphatasia.
Recent research suggests sleep apnea impacts bone metabolism through sleep duration and quality disruptions. Daily rhythms play a crucial role in maintaining normal bone health.
A study found that people with recurrent kidney stones have more calcification in their arteries, increasing their risk for heart disease. Additionally, kidney stone formers tend to have less dense bones, elevating their risk for osteoporosis.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute discovered that removing water from collagen fibers dramatically increases their tensile forces, generating up to 300 times more force than human muscles. This finding suggests a more active role for collagen in living organisms and opens new possibilities for developing novel materials.
Researchers found that Australopithecus africanus, a 3-2 million-year-old species from South Africa, had a human-like trabecular bone pattern in the hand bones consistent with forceful opposition of the thumb and fingers. This suggests that early humans used their hands to exert precision and power, similar to modern humans.
Early human ancestors, such as Australopithecus africanus, used human-like hand postures for forceful precision and power gripping 3-2 million years ago. This discovery supports archaeological evidence for stone tool use among fossil australopiths.
Researchers found evidence of arboreality playing a key role in primate evolution, suggesting subtle changes allowed for easier navigation and better access to food in the trees. The discovery challenges traditional textbook illustrations and provides the oldest fossil evidence to date for this concept.
Researchers at Columbia University Irving Medical Center have discovered a stem cell capable of regenerating both bone and cartilage. The discovery, published in the journal Cell, suggests that this stem cell could be exploited to treat osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Further study is needed to determine if this technology can be appl...
New research from the University of Surrey found that potassium salts improve bone health by reducing bone resorption. The study showed a significant decrease in bone resorption and an increase in bone strength, potentially preventing osteoporosis.
A recent study published in Psychosomatic Medicine found that women with good life satisfaction had higher bone density and lower rates of osteoporosis compared to those with poor life satisfaction. Life satisfaction was positively associated with bone health, even after controlling for other risk factors.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati and Boston University explored the decline of ancient civilization using modern biology techniques. They found that soil formation after abandonment led to poor preservation of historic remains, including the survival of thicker cattle bones.
Researchers found that modern human skeletons have significantly lower bone density than other animals and even ancient ancestors. The decrease is especially pronounced in lower limbs, suggesting a link to humans' shift from foraging to agricultural lifestyles.