Articles tagged with Brain Tissue
A gene variant protecting against Alzheimer's disease significantly decreases plasma beta-amyloid levels in a population cohort. The findings provide support for the amyloid cascade hypothesis and offer insights into future research directions.
Researchers at Ohio State University discovered rapid microscopic swelling along the axons of rodent brain tissue after laboratory-induced mild traumatic brain injury. The study found that these swellings are reversible and disappear within minutes, which could lead to improved treatment for concussions.
A study found that people with multiple sclerosis (MS) have impaired ability to understand others' feelings and intentions, linked to subtle brain changes, particularly in the white matter of the brain. The results suggest a disconnect in the social brain network, affecting quality of life and daily interactions.
A novel study has identified new biomarkers of multiple sclerosis pathogenesis, revealing a central role for interferon gamma in brain inflammation. The research found that high serum interferon gamma levels activate astrocytes, triggering an inflammatory response and promoting the migration of autoreactive T lymphocytes into the brain.
A study suggests that the onset pattern of an epileptic seizure may be determined by characteristics of the surrounding 'healthy' brain tissue, not just the site where the seizure originates. The high amplitude slow pattern is associated with higher excitability in surrounding healthy tissue.
Researchers at Columbia University have developed a new optical microscopy platform with drastically enhanced detection sensitivity, allowing for simultaneous labeling and imaging of up to 24 specific biomolecules. This breakthrough has the potential to transform understanding of complex biological systems, including the human cell map...
Researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center developed a personalized visual training program to reroute visual information around damaged areas of the brain. Patients regained large swaths of rudimentary sight, with some able to recover vision enough to drive again.
A recent Penn State study suggests that aphasia may be a broader cognitive disorder affecting not just language, but also hearing, vision, motor processing, attention, and executive functions. The findings imply that treating aphasia requires a more holistic approach, considering these interconnected brain networks.
Researchers have confirmed that resveratrol metabolites can be detected in ocular tissues, including the conjunctiva and aqueous fluid. This finding opens up new avenues for exploring the therapeutic potential of resveratrol in human eye health.
Engineers at the University of Texas at Austin created ultra-flexible brain probes that achieve more reliable long-term neural recording without causing scar formation. The probes' mechanical compliances mimic brain tissue and enable reliable recording of individual neurons for extended periods.
Researchers develop antisense oligonucleotide to lower tau protein levels in mice, reversing neurological damage and improving survival. The treatment also shows promise in monkeys, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's and other tau-related diseases.
Recent preclinical research suggests microinfarcts can induce prolonged dysfunction in brain areas estimated 12-times larger than the visible injury site, contributing to cognitive decline and dementia. The study used a mouse model to examine the effects of individual cortical microinfarcts on surrounding tissue function in vivo.
A Stanford study suggests that the development of face recognition entails brain tissue growth, particularly in regions that distinguish faces from other objects. The research found microscopic tissue growth in these regions, which continues into adulthood and contributes to the differences between face and place recognition areas.
Scientists at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute discovered that brain and heart tissues in young children are more prone to apoptosis, making them vulnerable to chemotherapy and radiation damage. This understanding may lead to new treatments to selectively block apoptosis in healthy tissues while maintaining sensitivity in cancer cells.
A new tissue culture system has revealed that microglia from aged brains are engulfing amyloid plaques on site, with young microglia secreting factors to rejuvenate older cells. The discovery highlights a potential strategy for removing amyloid plaques and improving cognition in Alzheimer's disease.
Scientists at the Salk Institute have developed a 3D mini-brain model grown from human stem cells, which is structurally and functionally more similar to real brains than existing 2D models. This breakthrough model may help understand brain development and neurological diseases like Alzheimer's or schizophrenia.
Scientists have discovered neural stem cells in epileptic brain tissue outside normal regions, suggesting greater plasticity in damaged brain areas. The study provides new knowledge about molecular characteristics of these cells and may lead to improved treatments for epilepsy.
Astrocytes play a crucial role in brain tissue recovery after injury, with the Ror2 protein promoting their proliferation. The research team discovered that Ror2 is activated by basic fibroblast growth factor, which enables astrocytes to start proliferating and minimizing inflammation around damaged neurons.
Research links kidney damage to impaired cognitive function, including memory and attention, as well as structural brain changes. Higher albumin in urine, indicative of poor kidney function, was associated with worse cognitive performance.
Researchers at UNC School of Medicine have found the Rabep2 gene plays a major role in forming collateral vessels that protect tissues from stroke damage. Variants of this gene may explain individual differences in survival rates after artery blockages.
A new study from Johns Hopkins Medicine found that while training doesn't change neurological repair in chronic stroke patients, it can help them learn new motor skills and achieve more independence. The researchers used a video game-like test to assess the patients' ability to perform tasks.
NTRX-07 targets cause of Alzheimer's disease, reducing inflammation and preserving neurons. The new drug improves removal of abnormal amyloid plaques, memory performance, and cognitive skills in mice.
Researchers have developed new biomaterial scaffolds that incorporate patterned architectures and regional compartments of signaling factors to control tissue development. This technology enables the formation of complex cellular structures and miniature organoid tissues, mimicking natural developmental processes.
Researchers at UTEP have developed a new brain preservation technique that allows for the study of brain tissue in remote locations without specialized laboratory equipment. The technique uses formaldehyde and can be performed with minimal resources, making it accessible to scientists in underdeveloped countries.
A gene signature in healthy brains predicts the spread of Alzheimer's disease and identifies vulnerable brain regions. The discovery may lead to preventative treatments for at-risk individuals.
A Brown University study used a custom-built device to compress neurons in 3-D cell cultures and observed their reaction to traumatic brain injury. The findings suggest that there may be a window for therapeutic intervention aimed at minimizing further damage, with irreparable structural damage occurring after approximately six hours.
A new technique called magnified analysis of proteome (MAP) allows scientists to image brain tissue at multiple scales, preserving proteins within cells and connectivity between neurons. The method enables high-resolution imaging with a resolution as high as 60 nanometers, tracing connections in the human brain more accurately.
Scientists use iDISCO clearing method to visualize brain tissue from deceased patients with Alzheimer's disease, exposing nonrandom structures of beta amyloid plaques. This breakthrough finding may lead to new targeted drugs and a better understanding of the relationship between plaque presence and disease severity.
New studies suggest functional brain scans can help predict recovery and guide treatment for stroke patients. The severity of a person's disability correlates with the extent of disruption to their brain's communication networks, which are not measured by most brain scans.
New research detects Zika virus in brain and placental tissue of deceased babies and spontaneously aborted foetuses, providing early insight into the effect of Zika virus infection on foetuses. The study highlights a potential link between Zika virus infection during the first trimester of pregnancy and severe birth defects.
Researchers from Hokkaido University developed a new method to track the switching on and off of circadian genes in freely moving mice, enabling the monitoring of gene expression patterns in specific tissues. This technique has significant implications for understanding clock gene function and its effects on mouse behavior.
Researchers used advanced MRI to predict which concussion patients would fully recover and identify brain areas involved in the repair process. The study found that high FA white-matter areas correlated with better outcomes, while low FA areas showed axon damage and cognitive impairment.
Researchers found a distinctive pattern of injury in the brains of deceased military personnel who survived high explosive attacks, suggesting a link between blast exposure and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The study's findings highlight the need for further research to understand the underlying pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury.
A recent imaging study found a subtle increase in brain tissue volume in certain regions of patients with schizophrenia, indicating the brain's ability to reorganize and fight the illness. The study suggests that despite severe damage, the brain may constantly attempt to rescue itself or limit the damage.
A study led by Amita Sehgal found that a neuropeptide regulates the expression of detoxification genes in both fruitflies and mice, driving feeding behavior and having implications for chronotherapy. The findings suggest that synchrony between brain and peripheral clocks is crucial for maintaining good health.
Researchers at SDSU used fruit flies to model traumatic brain injuries, finding damage to neurons and changes in sleep patterns. The study suggests that studying these genetic and cellular factors may reveal ways to improve the brain's resilience to injuries.
A new class of technology provides greater resolution for measuring electrical activity in space and time, matching existing methods. The flexible device is made of layers of silicon and molybdenum that can measure physiological characteristics and dissolve at a known rate.
Alcoholics' brains show changes in hormone and neurotransmitter levels, including increased dehydroepiandrosterone and decreased serotonin transporters. Type 1 and Type 2 alcoholics exhibit distinct differences in endocannabinoid and glutamatergic systems.
Brain-region-specific organoids were used to model Zika virus exposure, showing the virus prefers to infect neural stem cells and causing cell death. The technology has potential as a preclinical testing ground for therapies against Zika.
Researchers have developed nanoscale-tipped high-aspect-ratio vertical microneedle electrodes that can record neuronal signals from cells deep within biological tissues. These electrodes have a needle length exceeding 100 µm, allowing for deeper tissue penetration and expanding the range of applications in intracellular recording.
Researchers found genetic material from the Zika virus can be detected in pregnant women months after infection, indicating potential fetal brain damage. The study also isolated infectious Zika virus from fetal tissue and discovered new mutations that may be linked to the virus's impact on the fetus.
Research suggests that a pure maple syrup extract may help prevent the misfolding and clumping of brain proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease. The extract also showed neuroprotective effects in rodent microglial brain cells, potentially benefiting neurological health.
A new process for making brain tissue transparent has been developed at RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, allowing for the creation of super-resolution 3-D images of delicate structures deep in the brain. This breakthrough enables researchers to visualize synaptic changes and neural structures with unprecedented detail.
Researchers created accurate 'maps' of gene networks across 400 human cell types, describing hundreds of thousands of regulatory interactions. This global view provides new insights into disease mechanisms, pinpointing affected genes and tissues in complex diseases.
Researchers have developed a tailored small molecule that dramatically reduces brain damage after a stroke by inhibiting the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the brain. The study shows a 70% reduction in stroke severity when tested in rats.
A new study reveals that mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to an imbalance in B-vitamin metabolism, resulting in genetic damage. This finding opens up new avenues for treatment, particularly targeting specific forms of B-vitamins.
Researchers found that cancerous mutations are linked to stiff tissues, where cells experience more nucleus deformation and damage. This constricted migration causes molecular damage, leading to genomic instability and increased mutation rates.
A University of Texas at Arlington engineer is developing a computational model to measure how and when battlefield blasts can cause devastating damage to neurons in the brain. The research aims to quantify the effects of blasts on brain cells, providing new insight into brain injuries caused by combat scenarios.
A recent study published in PLOS Pathogens found that nitric oxide plays a protective role in the blood-brain barrier, reducing parasite invasion and inflammation. The researchers discovered that NO inhibits inflammatory molecules, such as TNF and MMP-9, which can lead to BBB damage.
A pregnant Brazilian woman infected with the Zika virus had a stillborn baby with severe tissue swelling and central nervous system defects. The case provides evidence that congenital Zika infection may be linked to hydrops fetalis, hydranencephaly, and fetal demise.
A Brazilian woman infected with Zika virus had a stillborn baby with severe tissue swelling and central nervous system defects, suggesting the virus may cause damage outside the CNS. The case raises concerns about the risk of stillbirths and other adverse outcomes in pregnant women exposed to the virus.
Researchers found that 70% of Ebola survivors reported musculoskeletal pain, while 48% experienced headaches and 14% had vision problems. The study highlights the need for further research into Post-Ebola Syndrome to understand its causes and consequences.
Research found that damage to brain connections can impact aphasia severity, with some patients having more severe symptoms despite similar stroke volumes. Investigators used MRI imaging to map neural connections and identified patterns associated with language difficulties.
Researchers found that a longer, more intense period of rehabilitation boosts brain recovery after injury, with rats showing significant restructuring of the brain and dramatic functional recovery. The study highlights the critical role of the basal forebrain cholinergic system in rehabilitation.
Researchers found a disordered mesh-like scaffold in Alzheimer's-affected cells, which surrounds the nucleus and controls brain cell function. This discovery may lead to new treatments for the earliest biological events leading to Alzheimer's disease.
A new study found increased buildup of amyloid plaques in people who had previously sustained a traumatic brain injury. The areas affected overlapped those seen in Alzheimer's disease, but other areas were involved.
Studies of stroke victims with spelling impairments reveal distinct brain regions responsible for long-term and working memory, offering new insights into the mechanics of language and memory. Damage to these regions can lead to different symptoms, including difficulty guessing or assembling words.
Caltech biologists have developed a vector capable of noninvasive delivery of genetic cargo to adult mice brains, holding promise for novel therapeutics. The approach overcomes the blood-brain barrier problem, allowing for efficient gene delivery and targeting specific brain cells.
Lab-grown neural networks can replace damaged axon tracks in patients with severe head injuries, strokes, or neurodegenerative diseases. The micro-TENNS, made of mature cerebral cortical neurons and long axonal projections, integrate into existing brain structures and reconstitute missing pathways.
Researchers found a significant association between poor sleep quality and severe arteriosclerosis in the brain, as well as increased oxygen-starved tissue, among elderly individuals. Sleep fragmentation was linked to higher odds of stroke and cognitive impairment, independent of other cardiovascular risk factors.