Articles tagged with Plants
A new COF sensor can detect pH changes in plant xylem tissues, providing early warning of drought stress up to 48 hours before traditional methods. This technology enables timely detection and management of drought stress, optimizing crop production and yield.
Luke McCormack, a Tree Root Biologist at The Morton Arboretum, has been recognized as one of the most cited and influential researchers worldwide. He leads the Root Biology Lab, examining root strategies to help trees cope with waterlogging and drought stress.
A new study found that residential garden produce grown near the Fayetteville Works fluorochemical plant can contain high levels of GenX and other PFAS, posing an exposure risk to consumers. Water-rich produce like berries and figs exhibited the highest PFAS levels, with daily intake estimates suggesting a significant health concern.
Researchers discovered that a change in gene expression of SPL13 is crucial for root development, altering cell division orientation and morphology. This 'root puberty' phase has significant implications for climate-resilient agriculture, as it may enable crops to grow more deeply or widely, making them more resistant to drought.
A Dartmouth-led study reveals the fundamental genetic pathways and biological mechanisms behind the corpse flower's heat production and odorous chemicals. The researchers identify a new component of the corpse flower's odor, an organic chemical called putrescine, which is released when the plant blooms.
Scientists have identified a crucial gene, StCDF1, that regulates both tuberization and nitrogen assimilation in potatoes. The discovery offers new insights into enhancing nitrogen utilization, allowing for breeding of climate-smart potato varieties less dependent on chemical fertilizers.
Researchers at Penn State developed a new method to turn stripped-down plant cells into other types of cells, revealing the banding patterns in plant cell walls that increase stability. The study's findings provide insights into how cell walls are created and can inform methods to break down plant cells for biofuels.
A study by Macquarie University researchers found that plants can salvage resources from wilting flowers and reuse them to promote future reproduction. The study showed that plants transfer resources underground in corms and roots to produce new flowering stems in the subsequent season, often a year later.
Binghamton University researchers have created artificial plants that can capture 90% of carbon dioxide from indoor air, reducing levels and generating oxygen. The plants use photosynthesis to drive the process, with an additional power generation capability of around 140 microwatts.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University have discovered a key protein involved in transporting boron into plant cells. The protein complex, containing KNS3 and its homologs, facilitates the movement of boric acid channels from endoplasmic reticulum to plasma membrane.
A new study reveals that increasing plant diversity in agriculture can significantly improve soil carbon retention by fostering stronger positive interactions between microbes. This practice not only promotes healthier ecosystems but also offers a viable solution for maintaining crop output while sequestering more carbon in soils.
A long-term study found that nitrogen input from fertilizers reduces the diversity of nitrogen-fixing plants in temperate forests. The forestREplot database revealed a significant decrease in these plants' abundance with increasing nitrogen levels, regardless of temperature changes and aridity trends.
Plant guard cells use calcium signals to regulate stomatal movement in response to environmental stimuli. By counting up to six consecutive calcium transients, guard cells can close their stomata and conserve water.
A new study has revealed that 90 species of plants from the Centinela range were not extinct as previously thought. The researchers found abundant evidence of the flora's presence in remaining forest fragments and discovered over 50 new plant species, including eight newly described species.
Plant cells use a mechanism called telescripting to monitor and control protein production, preventing premature completion of gene expression. This process is crucial for maintaining accurate gene function and has potential applications in making plants more resistant to climate change.
Researchers used deep learning to correlate citizen science data with remote sensing images, predicting plant distributions down to scales of a few square meters. The AI model, Deepbiosphere, outperformed previous methods in accuracy and showed potential for global monitoring of vegetation change.
A newly discovered species of carnation family has been identified and collected using drone technology on inaccessible cliffs in Hawaii. The discovery, published in PhytoKeys, highlights the potential for future discoveries through drone technology and advances conservation efforts in preventing plant extinctions.
Researchers at the University of Würzburg discovered that plants use an energy-saving mechanism to adapt their potassium uptake based on soil conditions. By building a pH gradient across cell membranes, plants can transport potassium into cells without expending energy.
Scientists have created a system that allows for the production of essential amino acids and peptides commonly found in animals, such as creatine, carnosine, and taurine, within living plants. This technology has the potential to boost nutrient production in edible plants and other organisms.
The study found that chestnut blight has significantly impacted the American chestnut population, leading to a shift in forest composition. Decades may pass before floristic changes become apparent, highlighting the need for continued monitoring and conservation efforts.
A team of researchers found that the use of microbial biofertilisers and algae-based biostimulants can significantly enhance both the yield and quality of organic tomatoes. The treatments improved processes like nutrient absorption and stress tolerance, supporting overall crop performance.
Researchers are developing soybeans that can handle extreme weather conditions, allowing farmers to maintain yields under pressure. By studying plant adaptation strategies, scientists aim to create more resilient soybean varieties.
A study found increased antioxidant content and activity in Japanese apricot pickles made with salted red perilla leaves. The phenolic compounds' release was highest before digestion, but a significant increase occurred between 60 minutes and 120 minutes of small intestinal digestion.
Scientists have developed a strategy for optimizing light intensity to minimize electricity costs while maintaining plant growth. The study found that varying light intensity can cut electricity costs by 12% without compromising plants' carbon fixation.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge found that flowers like hibiscus use an invisible blueprint to dictate the size of their bullseyes, which can significantly impact their ability to attract pollinating bees. Larger bullseyes are preferred by bees and can potentially boost efficiency for both bees and blossoms.
Research published in New Phytologist reveals that long stems on flowers provide an evolutionary advantage for bat pollination. In complex backgrounds, bats take nearly twice as much time to locate short-stemmed flowers, indicating the importance of visible floral cues for successful pollination.
Researchers led by Kathrin Schrick discovered a new type of molecular interaction between a protein and a phospholipid molecule, which regulates gene expression levels. This finding has significant implications for developing crops that can efficiently use phosphorus, essential for plant growth, to withstand drought and climate change.
Two groundbreaking studies provide structural and functional insights into the chloroplast protein import system. The research revealed the assembly, function, and evolutionary diversity of the Ycf2-FtsHi complex, a crucial player in preprotein translocation.
The UofL Green Heart Louisville Project found that residents living in neighborhoods with more trees showed lower levels of general inflammation, a risk indicator for heart disease. The study showed a 13-20% reduction in inflammation, corresponding to a nearly 10-15% reduced risk of heart attacks and certain cancers.
Researchers have discovered that sunflowers wiggle to find patches of sunlight, forming a zig-zag pattern that maximizes access to light. This movement allows the plant to explore its surroundings and settle into configurations that provide maximum light exposure.
A new research project aims to create a highly effective and selective biological herbicide targeting Palmer amaranth. The researchers will use synthetic biology techniques to develop RNA molecules known as Ribozymes that can influence specific gene expression, eliminating the weed through a specific infection.
A recent study reveals unexpected plant diversity in drylands, enabling adaptation to extreme climates. Plants exhibit a wide range of individual strategies to tolerate water scarcity and heat stress, with trait diversity doubling in arid zones compared to temperate regions.
Researchers from Insignum AgTech and Purdue University have developed a collaboration to detect tar spot disease in corn using drone imagery. The technology aims to enable farmers to identify early stages of the disease, allowing for timely treatment and reducing yield losses.
A new study by Salk scientists reveals a key gene that enhances plants' zinc tolerance, allowing them to thrive in toxic conditions. The discovery enables the development of crops more resilient to soil contamination, a major goal of Salk's Harnessing Plants Initiative.
Archaeologists have uncovered evidence of early plant farming in east Africa, revealing a pattern of gradual introductions of different crops that originated from different parts of the continent. The study found domesticated cowpea, sorghum, and finger millet seeds dating back to around 2,300 years ago.
Researchers at University College Cork have discovered three new species of Theobroma sect. Herrania in the rainforests of South America, which are closely related to the cocoa tree. These findings could lead to the development of climate-resilient cacao trees, helping sustain chocolate production.
A new legal requirement for developers to demonstrate a biodiversity boost in planning applications may not be effective in improving bird and butterfly populations. Despite this, researchers suggest that the metric can capture plant biodiversity well, but needs improvement to reflect ecosystem intricacies.
Scientists have discovered three new extinct walnut species on a Canadian island above the Arctic Circle, preserved in a unique form of fossilization known as mummification. The fossils provide valuable information about the Earth's climate and ecosystems during the middle Eocene period, when forests covered the region.
New research from Edith Cowan University found that dietary nitrate may play a role in preventing cardiovascular disease, dementia, and diabetes. Moderate to high intakes of plant and vegetable sourced nitrate were associated with a lower risk of all-cause, CVD-related, and cancer-related mortality.
A new family tree of Solanum plants clarifies the evolution of diverse fruits, showing that size and color are linked and not driven by fruit-eating animals. The study provides insight into breeding agriculturally important plants with desirable traits.
A new study by RIKEN CSRS shows that biomass from purple photosynthetic marine bacterium Rhodovulum sulfidophilum is an excellent nitrogen fertilizer, effective as inorganic synthetic fertilizers but with lower environmental side effects. The biomass boosts plant growth without altering soil pH or salinity.
Researchers developed a method to collect and plant genetically diverse red spruce seeds, resulting in higher establishment success and increased forest resilience. The approach pools multiple seed sources, increasing evolvability and minimizing deleterious mutations.
The University of Bonn has developed an AI software that can simulate the growth of field crops using drone photos. This allows farmers to estimate parameters such as leaf area or yield with high accuracy, and even predict the outcome of certain interventions. The software also focuses on polycultures, which can boost yields by reducin...
Research found that weeds in cities have significantly more mildew than those in suburbs or countryside. Urban heat islands and human activity may contribute to the phenomenon. Potted plants placed in shaded areas had more mildew than full sun, but extreme summer heat is lethal to powdery mildew.
The study found that existing corn varieties are not ideal for future climates and that new crops with specific traits will be necessary. The research suggests that warmer temperatures, drier air, and increased CO2 will lead to decreased yields unless adaptations are made.
Researchers analyzed ancient plant and animal remains to study historic food chains in ancient Syria. The analysis revealed a diet rich in grains, olives, grapes and dairy products, similar to the modern Mediterranean diet.
A new, tiny plant species has been discovered on the western Andean slopes of Ecuador, shattering the preconception that multitudes of life had vanished entirely. The discovery is a testament to conservation efforts and the heroic actions of local landowners who maintained small patches of forests.
Researchers use nanomedicine and digital twin technologies to develop Plant Nanobiotechnology, addressing agricultural challenges and increasing crop yield. Digital twins of plants enable the design of nanocarriers that target nutrient delivery to specific plant organs.
Researchers discover E3 ligase MdPUB23 plays a crucial role in delaying leaf senescence by regulating the degradation of key protein ABI5. The study's findings have significant implications for improving crop yield and stress resistance, offering potential applications in agricultural practices.
Scientists have discovered a new plant species, Thismia malayana, in the tropical rainforests of Peninsular Malaysia. The plant acts as a parasite, stealing carbon resources from fungi on its roots to thrive in low-light conditions.
Researchers at Salk Institute found that higher temperatures drain plants of important dietary nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, affecting their long-term sustainability. The study's findings will inform the engineering of climate-resilient crops to address global warming's impact on food production.
Researchers discovered that azole fungicides kill fungal pathogens by initiating self-destruction through two pathways: apoptosis and macroautophagy. This mechanism explains why azoles are losing effectiveness against resistant fungal strains.
Researchers tested seven antibiotics in combination with various natural compounds, finding synergistic effects against multidrug-resistant bacteria. The study suggests combining antibiotics with plant extracts or phytochemicals could be a promising strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance.
While some European countries like Denmark, Finland, and Spain show positive attitudes towards alternative protein food, others such as Italy have lower acceptance rates. Additionally, young Polish consumers are less likely to adopt novel foods compared to Danish and German consumers.
Researchers have identified an ancient protein that partners with a modern plant enzyme to synthesize lignin, a key component of plant cell walls. This discovery provides insights into the evolution of plant protective mechanisms and their potential industrial applications.
Researchers from the University of Copenhagen discovered that a biological mechanism called autophagy plays a key role in plant root growth. By understanding how plants control their root growth, scientists can develop climate-resilient crops to thrive in harsh conditions.
Researchers at IIT developed HybriBot, a biohybrid robot that uses a flour-based capsule and oat fruit appendages to disperse seeds, promoting reforestation. The device has been tested with tomato, chicory, and willow herb seeds in various soils, showing promising results.
Researchers from ANU and UoN unlock the secrets of carboxysomal carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme crucial for cyanobacteria's efficient carbon dioxide capture. This discovery holds promise for engineering climate-resilient crops that can produce more food while reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Researchers have determined the molecular level function of free-forming structures in plant cells that help sense light and temperature, enabling plants to distinguish a range of different light intensities. The formation of these organelles is not random but is linked to specific locations within the cell, particularly near centromeres.
Scientists have created complex, spatially controlled and multifunctional structures using engineered plant living materials. The materials combine the traits of living organisms with the stability and durability of non-living substances.