Articles tagged with Carbohydrates
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GlycoNet's GlycoCage technology involves 'caging' IBD drugs with carbohydrate molecules to prevent premature uptake in the upper GI tract. This approach aims to increase the efficacy of IBD treatments and reduce systemic side effects, such as those associated with steroid anti-inflammatory drugs.
Recent studies refute the theory that excessive carbohydrate consumption leads to insulin-driven weight gain. Instead, basal insulin levels in response to energy balance are key to regulating weight gain, suggesting alternative models for body fat regulation.
A new global study from the University of Sydney found evidence of undernutrition in countries worldwide, with optimal supplies changing with age. For early life, high fat and protein supplies minimize mortality, while later life reduces fat and increases carbohydrate intake leads to lowest mortality rates.
A global study found that macronutrient supplies are associated with lower mortality rates across different age groups. The researchers discovered that the optimal diet composition for reducing mortality risk varies significantly depending on age, with specific ratios of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates recommended for each life stage.
Elite marathon runners require a perfect balance of VO2 max, efficiency, and lactate turn point to maintain two-hour pace. A study on athletes from Nike's Breaking2 project found that these runners must take in oxygen twice as fast as normal individuals at marathon pace.
A new strain of rhizobacteria has been shown to naturally promote rice growth and improve carbohydrate metabolism. This discovery offers a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers, reducing environmental pollution and increasing production.
Researchers have identified a new enzymatic reaction involving carbohydrates in plant cell walls, which is essential for their structure and function. This discovery contributes to our understanding of how plant cell walls can be formed, structured, and re-modelled.
A team of researchers at Aarhus University discovered a novel class of carbohydrate receptors in bacteria, which play a crucial role in biofilm formation, cell-to-cell interactions, and pathogenesis.
A large analysis of over 200,000 people found that high-quality carbohydrates like whole grains are associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Researchers also discovered that replacing low-quality carbohydrates with saturated fats is linked to a reduced risk of developing the condition.
An analysis of self-reported data from over 37,000 US adults found associations between low-carb and low-fat diets and mortality risk, with unhealthy diets linked to higher total mortality. Healthy low-carb and low-fat diets were associated with lower total mortality rates.
A recent study published in New Phytologist identified opportunities to boost cassava yields by optimizing photosynthesis. Researchers found that cassava's stomata limit photosynthesis during light transitions, and increasing the speed of these pores could increase yield potential by up to 6%.
Researchers at Kyoto University discovered that fruit flies can thrive on various diets due to their flexible response to carbohydrates. In contrast, genetic cousins of the fruit fly are 'nutritional specialists' and can only grow on specific plants. The study sheds light on how organisms adapt to different nutritional environments.
A new study published in Military Medicine found that a ketogenic diet can lead to significant weight loss and improvements in insulin sensitivity among military personnel. Participants on the keto diet lost an average of 17 pounds and reduced their body fat by 5%, while those on a normal diet experienced no such changes.
Scientists at ASRC have created a new class of molecules showing potent anti-Zika activity and low toxicity towards animal cells. These compounds may become the basis for a Zika-specific therapeutic, with potential applications in treating other viruses and bacterial infections.
A study published in Scientific Reports found that fasting increases metabolic activity, generates antioxidants, and may reverse some aging effects. Researchers discovered 30 previously unknown substances whose quantity increases during fasting, indicating various health benefits.
A new review shows that plant-based diets improve cardiovascular safety and performance in endurance sports, benefiting athletes' heart health, performance, and recovery. A varied diet rich in fruits, vegetables, grains, and legumes provides essential nutrients for athletes.
A new study from the University of Sydney suggests that low-protein, high-carbohydrate diets may be beneficial for brain health and longevity. The research found improvements in learning, memory, and overall health in mice fed an unrestricted low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet.
Researchers found that fruit flies with a specific mitochondrial DNA mutation thrived on high-carbohydrate diets, while those without the mutation stagnated on protein-rich diets. The study suggests a potential link between this mutation and human health issues related to carbohydrate intake.
A new study found that a high-carbohydrate diet led to significant weight loss and improvements in insulin function in overweight individuals. The plant-based diet group consumed whole, complex carbohydrates from fruits, vegetables, and legumes, leading to reduced body mass index, body weight, and fat mass.
A recent study used an artificial intestine to investigate how changes in diet affect the microbiome. The research found that a switch from a western diet to one composed exclusively of dietary fats led to increased populations of fatty-acid metabolizing bacteria and decreased production of short chain fatty acids, which are compounds ...
A new study suggests that peatlands may develop a chemistry similar to tropical peats, stabilizing against further decomposition and releasing less carbon into the atmosphere. This could mitigate the potential for substantial carbon losses due to climate change.
A large study found that low-carbohydrate diets were associated with a 32% higher risk of all-cause death over an average 6.4-year follow-up. Risks were also increased for coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancer.
A new study published in The Lancet Public Health journal found that moderate carbohydrate intake is associated with the lowest risk of mortality. Diets low in carbohydrates and high in protein and fats from animal sources were linked to a higher risk of death, while those with moderate carbohydrate intake had the longest lifespan.
A study by University of Huddersfield researchers suggests that carbohydrate gels and caffeine-infused chewing gum can help teams perform better in extra time. The five-minute window before extra time begins is crucial, but teams may also need to develop better nutritional strategies.
Research found that foods high in both fats and carbohydrates stimulate the brain's reward system more strongly than other calorie sources. This intensified effect is consistent with game results, suggesting that our brains prefer these types of foods due to evolutionary pressures.
A study published in the Journal of Experimental Biology found that dogs tend to eat high-fat food, while cats prefer carbohydrates. The research challenged traditional thinking on cat nutrition and highlights age and lean body mass as factors influencing macronutrient choices.
A new study from Saint Louis University found that ketogenic diets negatively impact exercise performance in activities dependent on anaerobic energy systems. The research suggests athletes should avoid low-carb diets for weight loss or improved performance unless medically necessary.
GW and UGA researchers develop GlyGen portal to integrate glycan data with gene and protein data, enabling more effective analysis. The project simplifies the process of understanding glycans' roles in diseases like cancer.
Researchers have made significant advancements in HIV vaccine production, using robotics and gene editing technology to improve yields and reduce costs. The new methods could lead to more effective vaccines with higher efficacy rates, potentially increasing protection against the AIDS virus.
A new study found that women with low carbohydrate intake are 30% more likely to have babies with neural tube defects. Folic acid supplementation is crucial for minimizing this risk, as many women may not take a daily multivitamin before and during pregnancy.
An international team of researchers identified activation of CRH-positive neurons in PVH as sufficient and necessary to induce dietary preference for carbohydrates over fats. The study reveals the role of AMPK and CPT1c in regulating food selection behavior.
Researchers discovered that carbohydrates on malaria parasites play a critical role in infecting human and mosquito hosts. The study suggests steps for improving the malaria vaccine, which has been only partially effective in preventing the disease.
Two independent mouse studies found that ketogenic diets improved memory in older animals and increased their chances of living longer. The diets also preserved physical fitness and altered insulin signaling pathways in the mice. Further research is needed to fully understand the effects of a ketogenic diet on human health and aging.
A large study found that high carbohydrate intake is linked to increased total mortality and non-cardiovascular mortality outcomes, while high fat intake is associated with lower risk. The study suggests that limiting total fat consumption may not improve health in populations.
An international study of over 135000 people found that high carbohydrate diets were associated with a 28% higher risk of death compared to low carbohydrate diets. Diets high in total fat intake were linked to a lower risk of mortality, but rates of major cardiovascular events remained similar.
A diet with moderate intake of fat and fruits/vegetables, avoiding high carbohydrates, is associated with lower risk of death. The lowest risk was seen in those consuming three to four servings of fruits, vegetables, and legumes daily.
Scientists at King's College London and Imperial College London have discovered a new target receptor that plays a crucial role in regulating appetite and body weight. The FFAR2 receptor helps increase feelings of fullness and reduces food intake, potentially leading to breakthroughs in obesity treatment.
A large study published in The BMJ found that high intake of major saturated fatty acids increases the risk of coronary heart disease. Replacing these fats with polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, or plant-based sources can reduce this risk by 6-8%.
A new study reveals that Caenorhabditis elegans roundworms have the ability to produce chondroitin sulfate, a crucial carbohydrate molecule. This discovery opens up new avenues for research into early embryonic development and cell division processes.
A new study from Saint Louis University finds that higher carb intake is associated with lower adropin levels, while higher fat intake may be linked to higher adropin. People with low adropin have higher fat content in the blood and are at a higher risk of heart disease.
A new study found that p-synephrine ingestion increased the rate of fat oxidation and reduced carbohydrate oxidation during low- to moderate-intensity exercise. This suggests that p-synephrine supplements could be useful in increasing fat burn by up to 7g per hour of exercise.
A walnut-rich, higher-fat diet resulted in significant weight loss and improved cholesterol levels compared to a lower-fat, higher-carbohydrate diet. The study found that participants on the walnut-rich diet showed comparable weight loss effects as those on the lower fat diet.
The BMJ investigation found that the expert report underlying the latest US dietary guidelines fails to reflect relevant scientific literature, risking a misleading picture. The guidelines affect millions of Americans and food labelling, education, and research priorities.
Researchers at the University of Zurich have discovered that an overproduction of E. coli bacteria is triggered by the availability of sialic acid, leading to intestinal inflammation. A sialidase inhibitor can prevent excessive E. coli formation and alleviate disease symptoms.
A study by Kevin Hall found that restricting dietary fat leads to greater body fat loss than carb restriction, even though a low-carb diet increases fat burning. The research used controlled feeding studies and measured participants' food intake over two 2-week periods.
Researchers at NYU have found that microRNA can serve as a decoder ring to understand complex biological processes, highlighting the potential for miRNA to shed light on diseases such as coronary artery disease and cleft palates. By analyzing miR-200, the team identified a trio of glycans critical to cell movement and tumor metastasis.
ACS researcher Laura Kiessling has discovered a way to target bacterial carbohydrates, potentially leading to new antibiotic strategies. Her team found that human proteins can recognize unique microbial carbohydrates, opening up possibilities for delivering targeted treatments.
New research suggests that day-to-day variations in sleep duration, rather than overall sleep duration, can impact food intake in teenagers. The study found that teens who slept more or less on any given night consumed an average of 201 more calories per day, with higher rates of nighttime snacking and increased carbohydrate consumption.
A new study found that sleep-deprived individuals consume more fat and less carbohydrates, while displaying increased connectivity in the salience network, which is linked to emotional responses and bodily sensations. This unique approach examines changes in brain activity's impact on eating behavior following sleep deprivation.
A study published in Nature suggests that gut bacteria can utilize yeast carbohydrates, potentially supporting the development of new treatments for yeast infections and autoimmune diseases. The research identified a specific bacterium, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, with the ability to degrade complex carbohydrates in yeast cell walls.
Researchers found that galectins recognize and kill bacteria with similar carbohydrate coatings, filling gaps in immune defenses. This discovery could lead to the development of new antibiotics for treating certain bacterial infections.
A new study published in PLOS ONE suggests that a Mediterranean diet without breakfast, but with a large meal at lunch, may be the most beneficial for patients with diabetes. The study found that this diet approach reduced blood glucose levels and triglycerides compared to low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets.
Researchers identified a mutation in the carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3 gene associated with early-onset lumbar disc degeneration. Decreased CHST3 expression was found to predict LDD development, providing new insights into the genetic causes of this condition.
Research shows lactating cats increase total calorie consumption and alter diet composition to meet physiological requirements. Cats with large litters select foods to reduce protein and carbohydrate intake, increasing fat consumption.
A Mediterranean-style diet and diets low in available carbohydrates can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. Patients with a high Mediterranean diet score (MDS) were 12% less likely to develop diabetes than those with the lowest MDS, while those with the highest available carbohydrate intake were 21% more likely.
Replacing carbohydrates with vegetable fat may be associated with a lower risk of death in men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer, according to a study published in JAMA Internal Medicine. The study found that men who consumed more vegetable fat had a lower risk of lethal prostate cancer and all-cause mortality.
A UC San Francisco-led study found that men with non-metastatic prostate cancer who consumed more healthy vegetable fats had a lower risk of developing lethal prostate cancer and dying from other causes. Replacing 10% of daily calories with these fats was associated with a 29% lower risk of lethal prostate cancer.
Researchers found that rats preferred potato chips over bland chow due to an unknown ingredient sparking the brain's reward center. This study sheds light on hedonic hyperphagia, a condition causing people to overeat for pleasure.
Researchers have identified a carbohydrate modification on leukaemic cells that can be targeted to eradicate cancer. The study, published in Journal of Experimental Medicine, offers hope for new treatment options against drug-resistant forms of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
High-altitude mice utilize carbohydrates for energy due to low oxygen levels, a strategy that could be relevant to humans and other high-altitude mammals. This evolutionary adaptation allows them to efficiently use energy in oxygen-poor environments.