Articles tagged with Catalysis
Scientists have found a way to reduce ammonia synthesis temperatures using lanthanide oxyhydrides as a catalyst support for ruthenium. These materials enhance catalytic activity and stability, overcoming hydrogen poisoning issues.
Researchers developed a novel multifaceted catalyst to access transient carbocation intermediates, achieving regiocontrolled elimination reactions. The new catalyst produces ring-shaped molecules highly sought after in synthetic, organic, and pharmaceutical chemistry.
Researchers have designed an effective material for speeding up the extraction of hydrogen from alcohols, using earth-abundant metals instead of precious ones. The catalyst, made from tiny clusters of nickel metal, accelerates the reaction efficiently and cleanly.
Pittsburgh engineers build a two-dimensional sheet that spontaneously transforms into a three-dimensional gear, performing sustained work without external power. The innovation enables the development of self-powered machines for resource-poor environments.
Researchers at UC Berkeley develop a new catalytic process converting polyethylene plastic into high-value adhesives, enhancing its stickiness without compromising other traits. This breakthrough could change the economics of turning waste into valuable products.
Researchers at UVA, Caltech, and Argonne National Laboratory have developed a new catalyst using cobalt and titanium that can efficiently split water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen. This breakthrough has the potential to make solar energy practical on a large scale.
A new diagnostic tool allows for the visualization of catalysts in three dimensions, enabling researchers to study complex chemical reactions and improve materials. The technique, operando X-ray spectroscopy, provides detailed information on the structure and function of active catalysts.
Rice University scientists found that van der Waals force can indent rigid nanosheets, changing their electromagnetic properties. The researchers discovered that the force is sufficient to deform 8-nanometer-thick silver sheets into curvilinear structures with potential applications in nanophotonic research and catalytic systems.
Researchers discovered water's unique properties when confined in a tiny cage, facilitating access to the catalytic center. The team showed that water forms a droplet inside the cage, structurally and dynamically distinct from known phases of water.
Researchers have developed a new technique to analyze the properties of individual cobalt oxide particles, enabling more efficient catalysts for hydrogen production. The method allows for the selection of particles under an electron microscope and their placement on a nanoelectrode for electrochemical analysis.
Researchers from Xiamen University demonstrated a bio-inspired heterometallic cluster that mimics the CaMn4O5 structure of PSII, showing efficient overall water splitting activity without sacrificial reagents. The cluster anchors on phosphorus-doped graphitic carbon nitrides and exhibits high H2 production rates and O2 evolution rates.
Researchers from Incheon National University develop a novel catalyst with a protective carbon shell that selectively prevents undesired reactions in methanol fuel cells. The study showcases improved performance and stability over commercial platinum catalysts.
A Korean research team has made a breakthrough in understanding the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to ethylene, a challenging process that could produce high-value-added chemicals. The study identified key intermediates and proposed copper hydroxide nanowire as a promising catalyst for enhancing selectivity.
Researchers have developed a novel heterogeneous catalyst combining intermetallic and support materials to improve Suzuki cross-coupling reaction stability and efficiency. The new Pd-ZrC catalyst exhibits high stability, large effective surface area, and enhanced catalytic performance compared to existing compounds.
Scientists at the University of Nottingham have developed a new method to produce chemical molecules more efficiently through a one-step reaction in an enzyme. This breakthrough has significant implications for the production of pharmaceuticals, with potential applications in the development of new drugs.
Researchers at Skoltech have discovered a way to increase the productivity of carbon nanotube synthesis by adjusting catalyst injection rates, leading to a 9-fold increase in yield while preserving key properties. This breakthrough has the potential to pave the way for cheaper and more accessible nanotube-based technology.
Recently, N-heterocyclic phosphines have emerged as a new group of promising catalysts for metal-free reductions. Their excellent hydricity rivals or exceeds that of many metal-based hydrides, making them suitable alternatives for reducing unsaturated compounds.
Researchers from Kanazawa University have developed a new procedure to reduce the use of rare metals in pharmaceutical and chemical syntheses. The study found that benzylic organoborates can perform tertiary alkylative cross-coupling reactions without using rare elements, paving the way for a more sustainable chemical industry.
Researchers at Vienna University of Technology have developed stable catalysts for water splitting and CO2 reduction by studying atomic surface structures. The team found that specific surface angles can create microscopically small triangular holes that stabilize the material and enhance its effectiveness.
Researchers at FAU have developed a light-controlled molecular motor that can control catalysis reactions. The system uses visible light to trigger the release and bonding of catalysts, accelerating or decelerating desired chemical reactions.
Researchers used a machine-learning model to predict the distribution of palladium atoms on copper surfaces under changing temperatures and hydrogen concentrations. The study found that hydrogen adsorption drives palladium away from the surface at higher pressures and lower temperatures.
In a new study published in Science, UCL scientists have recreated how cysteine was formed at the origins of life, delivering vital catalysts that enabled the earliest protein molecules to form. The researchers observed how once-formed cysteine catalyses the fusion of peptides in water, a fundamental step towards protein enzymes.
Researchers at Nagoya University have discovered a way to harness energy from living cells by modifying highly functionalized PCAs into biorenewable molecules. The new catalyst enables the selective hydrogenation and dehydration of Krebs cycle metabolites, producing compounds with valuable applications in plastics and polymers.
Researchers have developed a novel method to synthesize sub-nanoparticles (SNPs) with controlled composition and size, enabling the discovery of unique properties. The team found unusual electronic states and oxygen content in SNPs with an indium-to-tin ratio of 3:4, leading to different optical properties.
Researchers at Arizona State University have developed a new method for creating ultrafast laser experiments on uncharged iron oxide clusters, which could lead to the creation of more efficient industrial catalysts. The study reveals how changes in atomic composition affect stability and reactivity of these fragments.
Researchers used machine learning to predict water stability in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), accelerating the development of new materials. The model, trained on over 200 existing MOFs, enables predictions for other important properties, expanding applications in chemical separations, adsorption, and sensing.
Researchers at Waseda University developed a novel technique to grow carbon nanotubes, overcoming the limitation of short forests. The breakthrough enables the creation of dense CNT forests up to 14 cm in length, with high purity and competitive strength.
Scientists from Chalmers University of Technology investigate the role of nearest neighbors in nanoparticles' activity. They isolated copper particles and monitored their behavior in a nanotube, finding that oxidation state can be dynamically affected by neighboring particles during reactions.
Rice University scientists have developed a novel 'green' method for producing pharmaceutical intermediates using the cooperative hydrogen atom transfer (cHAT) technique. This approach employs earth-abundant iron and sulfur as catalysts, reducing costs and environmental impact compared to traditional methods.
A green method for synthesizing dapsone has been developed by RUDN University, offering an eco-friendly alternative to traditional production methods. The new reaction uses hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent, producing only water as a by-product and allowing for high temperatures and catalyst reuse.
A novel, one-step process converts sulfur dioxide to pure sulfur at lower temperatures than traditional methods, reducing waste and energy consumption. This breakthrough technology has the potential to replace existing desulfurization methods and significantly improve environmental outcomes.
Researchers have developed a graphdiyne-based metal atomic catalyst that achieves high selectivity and yield in ammonia synthesis. The catalyst, which exhibits determined electronic and chemical structure, demonstrated remarkable performance in converting nitrogen to ammonia at ambient temperatures and pressures.
Researchers from China University of Petroleum have designed ultra-small hollow alloy nanoparticles that exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability for the hydrogen evolution reaction. The unique structure provides abundant active centers, reducing the cost of platinum-based electrocatalysts.
A chemist from RUDN University developed a silica-supported heteropolyacid system that can produce ethers from waste lignocellulose products, increasing their production efficiency by 4-10 times. This method reduces energy consumption and makes biofuel manufacturing cheaper.
Researchers have conducted the first operando stability study of high-purity BiVO4 photoanodes during photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Using in-situ plasma mass spectrometry, they determined a useful parameter called the stability number (S), which can be used to compare and assess the stability of photoelectrodes.
A research team at RIT won a Catalyst Award for their project using a smart toilet seat to provide in-home monitoring of critical health data. The system detects heart rates, blood flow, and oxygenation, providing near real-time information to physicians.
Researchers have developed a powerful, low-cost method for recycling used cooking oil and agricultural waste into biodiesel, and turning food scraps and plastic rubbish into high-value products. The new catalyst can make biodiesel from low-grade ingredients containing up to 50% contaminants.
A nanocatalyst made from zinc oxide and niobium can produce N-heterocycles with almost 100% efficiency, replacing expensive noble metal-based catalysts. The catalyst is derived from orange peel without additional chemical agents.
Researchers at UCSB have developed a low-energy, one-pot catalytic method to upcycle polyethylene plastic into high-value alkylaromatic molecules. This process creates valuable molecules from waste plastic, making recycling more practical and environmentally beneficial.
A chemist from RUDN University has developed a copper catalyst that accelerates the click reaction and enables it to occur at room temperatures without additional bases or solvents. The catalyst allows for the production of triazoles, bioactive substances with antibacterial, neuroleptic, and antispastic properties.
A new method transforms waste polyethylene into long-chain alkylaromatic compounds without high temperatures or pressures. The process could pave the way for a circular plastics economy and make non-fossil-based plastics more economically attractive.
Researchers have discovered a reaction pathway that forms sugars in the absence of water, using minerals as catalysts. This finding provides a plausible explanation for the formation of sugars under extraterrestrial settings.
A team of scientists has developed a first-of-its-kind catalyst that can process polyolefin plastics and produce fuels, solvents, and lubricating oils. The process uses nanoparticle technology and mimics the natural processes by which enzymes break apart macromolecules.
Researchers developed a new mathematical framework that leverages uncertainty and expert knowledge to create more accurate and efficient computer models. This method provides guarantees on model performance and can lead to breakthroughs in renewable energy, battery technology, and other fields.
A study has overcome a key hurdle to the use of nanorobots powered by lipases, enzymes that play essential roles in digestion. By modulating motor speeds, researchers have broadened the potential biomedical and environmental applications of these devices.
The study used Mossbauer spectroscopy to analyze iron-containing catalysts and determine their phase composition before and after thermal steam exposure. The results indicate that maghemite is reduced to magnetite when the iron oxides react with water vapor during catalytic aquathermolysis of crude oil.
The study identifies four threats that affect consumer behavior, including health, economic, social, and misinformation threats. Consumers have shown adaptive responses to these challenges, such as switching to online streaming services or making their own hand sanitizer.
A cost-efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen production has been developed using titanium-doped molybdenum phosphide. The new catalyst demonstrates enhanced durability and comparable performance to platinum, paving the way for more affordable hydrogen production.
Researchers have found a way to directly couple aryl halides and alkyllithium compounds using palladium catalysts containing YPhos-type ligands. This breakthrough enables the efficient synthesis of complex chemical structures with minimal side products, reducing costs and environmental impact.
Researchers at American University have developed a new method to create highly active and stable oxygen reduction reaction catalysts from spinach, which outperforms commercial platinum catalysts. The spin-based catalysts have potential applications in hydrogen fuel cells and metal-air batteries.
Researchers at TU Graz have successfully increased the catalytic performance of cyanobacteria by redirecting photosynthetic electron flow to desired reactions. This method reduces energy consumption and enhances biotechnological production, paving the way for large-scale industrial applications.
Researchers at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) have discovered that noble metal clusters are more reactive than individual atoms, allowing for improved removal of exhaust gases. The clusters exhibit optimal structure for high activity, enabling the development of catalysts with enhanced stability and long-term performance.
Researchers developed a machine learning technique that rapidly discovered rules governing catalysts, which took humans years of difficult calculations to reveal. The team believes this will enable faster progress in designing materials for various purposes.
Researchers discovered the mechanism of an enzyme called F420-oxidase that converts oxygen into water, allowing methanogens to thrive in oxygen-free environments. The enzyme uses a gas channel and gating system to control the reaction, preventing oxygen from being transformed into superoxide.
Researchers from ICIQ's Llobet team developed a new oligomeric material as a catalyst for water oxidation, achieving unprecedented current densities. The hybrid material behaves as a rugged and powerful electro-anode, stable at neutral pH and outperforming existing materials.
A new crystal model system accurately identifies catalytic active sites in electrocatalysis, revealing pyridine N as a suitable active site for CO2 reduction. The study provides significant insights into the reaction mechanism and catalyst performance.
Researchers have developed a novel single-atom Pt catalyst that can operate stably at high temperatures, increasing electrode reaction rates by up to 10 times. This breakthrough could accelerate the commercialization of solid oxide fuel cells, next-generation eco-friendly power generation systems.
Researchers at TU Wien and DESY discovered a material that can be switched between two states: one is catalytically very active, the other less so. The switching is controlled by tiny iron nanoparticles on the surface, which change between metallic and oxidic states depending on the voltage applied.
A new bio-based catalyst, copper stearate, has been shown to efficiently inhibit gas hydrate formation and facilitate in-situ oil combustion. The compound's high performance in low-temperature conditions makes it a promising solution for the petroleum industry.
Scientists discovered that mixing petroleum coke particles with quartz sand simplifies the study of combustion kinetics in the presence of catalysts. This innovation could help reduce combustion temperatures and make petroleum coke more usable in the industry.