A control knob for fat?
A new study found that protein Maf1 controls fat levels in C. elegans worms, suggesting a similar function in humans. Increasing or decreasing Maf1 levels resulted in significant changes in stored lipids.
Lipids
Articles tagged with Lipids
Precise measurements of microbial ecosystems
Researchers have described the intricate relationships within a biological wastewater treatment plant in unprecedented detail. This study provides new insights into the laws governing bacterial function, with potential applications in medicine and environmental conservation.
TGen-Luxembourg scientific team conducts unprecedented analysis of microbial ecosystem
The study reveals the complex relationships within a model ecosystem, with implications for protecting the environment and human health. The researchers found that Microthrix parvicella, a generalist bacterium, can adapt to various living conditions and dominate the wastewater treatment plant ecosystem.
Fat a culprit in fibrotic lung damage
Researchers discovered that excess lipids in the lungs trigger an inflammatory response, leading to scarring and pulmonary fibrosis. The team's findings suggest a new direction for developing novel therapies by targeting lipid handling in the lungs.
SourceThomas Jefferson University·JournalAmerican Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology·DateNov 20, 2014
Contact lens discomfort linked to changes in lipid layer of tear film
A new study found that contact lens discomfort is associated with degradation of the lipid layer in the tear film. Applying a liposomal eyelid spray increased stability of the tear film and improved dry eye symptoms, suggesting potential benefits for patients with contact lens discomfort.
Researchers identify a new class of 'good' fats
Researchers have identified a new class of lipid molecules that enhance insulin sensitivity and blood sugar control, offering a promising direction for preventing and treating type 2 diabetes. The fatty acid hydroxyl fatty acids (FAHFAs) are produced and broken down inside the human body and may serve as an early marker for the risk of...
Study: Marine pest provides advances in maritime anti-fouling and biomedicine
Researchers from Clemson University have discovered that lipids play a crucial role in the adhesion mechanism of barnacle cyprid larvae, paving the way for novel anti-fouling paint for ships and boats. The findings also provide insight into the development of new bio-adhesives for medical and industrial applications.
Scissoring the lipids
Researchers at the University of Bristol have developed a new strategy for disconnecting molecules, which could be used to create a tuberculosis (TB) vaccine. The method, described in Nature Chemistry, enables the synthesis of complex lipids like hydroxyphthioceranic acid in just 14 steps.
On the link between periodontitis and atherosclerosis
Researchers discover that P. gingivalis modifies its lipid A structure to evade host defenses and establish chronic infection, leading to persistent systemic low-grade inflammation. This mechanism contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis in blood vessels.
Revisions needed for current IV feeding safeguards against bloodstream infections
Researchers recommend considering additional factors that can affect microbial growth apart from lipids in parenteral nutrition. These factors include glucose concentration, proportion of glucose to lipid, and osmolarity.
SourceAmerican Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.)·JournalJournal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·DateJun 26, 2014
New possibilities for leukemia therapy with a novel mode of leukemia cell recognition
Researchers identify a novel mode of cancer cell recognition by the immune system, opening up new possibilities for leukemia immunotherapy. A specific group of immune cells, called mLPA-specific T-cells, recognize and destroy leukemia cells triggered by the newly identified lipids.
SourceBiomedical Sciences Institutes (BMSI)·JournalJournal of Experimental Medicine·DateJun 24, 2014
Lipids help to fight leukemia
A new study by Prof. Gennaro De Libero and his team at the University of Basel identifies a lipid molecule, methyl-lysophosphatidic acid (mLPA), that stimulates specific T cells to kill leukemia cells. This breakthrough discovery offers new avenues for non-invasive cancer immunotherapies.
Protein anchors help keep embryonic development 'just right'
Research reveals that lipid droplets play a crucial role in regulating histone proteins in fruit fly embryos, helping to maintain the 'perfect' balance required for development. The findings suggest that manipulating this process could potentially treat diseases linked to chromosome malfunction.
New fluid fats fuel frozen flies
Goldenrod gall fly larvae produce a novel class of lipids that remain fluid at low temperatures, allowing them to survive freezing winters. These acetylated triacylglycerols are less energy dense than standard lipids and have antifreeze characteristics.
The Neanderthal in us
Researchers found that European humans have a higher number of Neanderthal variants in genes related to lipid breakdown, which may have provided a selective advantage. This study suggests that Neanderthal ancestry has driven evolutionary changes in lipid processing and brain composition among Europeans.
Blood test identifies those at-risk for cognitive decline, Alzheimer's within 3 years
Researchers have discovered a blood test that can predict cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease within three years with greater than 90 percent accuracy. The test identifies 10 lipids in the blood, which appear to reveal the breakdown of neural cell membranes in participants who develop symptoms.
Carotid artery MRI helps predict likelihood of strokes and heart attacks
A new study found that carotid artery MRI can accurately predict future cardiovascular events, including strokes and heart attacks, in people without a history of cardiovascular disease. The presence of a lipid core in the internal carotid artery was significantly associated with an increased risk of subsequent events.
UT Austin engineer converts yeast cells into 'sweet crude' biofuel
Researchers developed a new source of renewable energy by genetically engineering yeast cells to produce lipids that can be used in place of petroleum-derived products. The platform produces the highest concentration of oils and fats reported through fermentation, enabling up to 90% of cell mass to become lipids.
Dartmouth, other researchers report new method to detect key indicator of heart diseases
Researchers at Dartmouth College have developed a new fluorescent compound to detect and measure cardiolipin, a unique lipid in cell membranes. The new dye, TTAPE-Me, improves upon existing methods for detecting cardiolipin, which is linked to various diseases including heart conditions, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancers.
Hyperhomocysteinemia patients with dyslipidemia are more likely to have stroke
A retrospective analysis of inpatients found that hyperhomocysteinemia and abnormal blood lipids exert synergistic effects on the onset of stroke. Patients with elevated homocysteine levels and abnormal blood lipids are predisposed to stroke, highlighting the importance of managing both conditions.
Microprinting leads to low-cost artificial cells
Artificial cells manufactured via microprinting can mimic natural cell membranes, allowing researchers to study cellular processes. The creation of uniform-sized artificial cells with proteins and lipids enables high-throughput screenings for drug delivery and disease prevention.
Scripps oceanography researchers engineer breakthrough for biofuel production
Researchers at Scripps Institution of Oceanography have developed a method to genetically engineer marine algae to produce more lipids, the fat molecules that store energy for fuel. This breakthrough enhances biofuel production and has the potential to lower costs and increase efficiency.
SourceUniversity of California - San Diego·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateNov 20, 2013
Scripps Florida scientists develop new process to create artificial cell membranes
Researchers at Scripps Florida Institute have developed a highly programmable platform for creating synthetic cellular structures with complex membrane compositions. The approach enables the assembly of multi-layered membranes resembling the cell nucleus envelope, offering new insights into biological function and evolution.
Blood biomarker could mark severe cognitive decline, quicker progression among Parkinson's patients
Mayo Clinic researchers have discovered a genetic mutation that alters lipid metabolism in Parkinson's patients, leading to higher levels of ceramides and glucosylceramides in the blood. This biomarker is associated with severe cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson's disease.
MRI spectroscopy is highly sensitive for lipid-soluble metabolites from UC-MSCs
Researchers developed a method to extract and analyze lipid-soluble metabolites from human mesenchymal stem cells using MRI spectroscopy. The technique provides valuable insights into the metabolic characteristics of MSCs, which is essential for optimizing detection efficiency while minimizing cell usage.
Researchers re-evaluate swine nutrition
A study by Purdue University researchers found that pigs thrive on lipids from soybean oil, leading to improved growth performance. The study's results suggest that using concentrated energy sources like soybean oil can help counteract issues limiting growth in nursery pigs.
New approaches to understanding infection may uncover novel therapies against influenza
Researchers mapped how critical molecules regulate inflammation during flu infection, discovering new targets for therapies. The study provided a holistic view of the host-pathogen interaction, revealing lipid mediators' dual role in controlling inflammation.
Colorado's new alga may be a source of biofuel production
A new strain of algae discovered in Colorado's Rocky Mountains has been found to grow at temperatures approaching freezing and accumulate large intracellular stores of lipids. The algae produces the highest quantity of lipids when grown under high light and low temperatures, making it an ideal source for biofuel production.
UofL scientists uncover how grapefruits provide a secret weapon in medical drug delivery
Researchers create nanoparticles using natural lipids derived from grapefruit, which can transport therapeutic agents to specific cells without causing adverse effects. The technology has been validated in a Phase 1 clinical trial for colon cancer patients and may be applied to treat inflammation-related autoimmune diseases.
Excess vitamin E intake not a health concern
Despite concerns over high vitamin E intake, a new review concludes that the body can eliminate excess levels of the vitamin, making it impossible to take a harmful amount. Vitamin E is essential for proper organ function and has antioxidant properties.
Fat-free see-through brain bares all
Researchers have developed a new method called CLARITY that allows for the analysis of brain tissue in its entirety, preserving its 3D structure and integrity. This breakthrough method enables scientists to study the brain's finer workings, including cells and molecules, without losing larger-scale circuit perspective.
Getting CLARITY: Hydrogel process developed at Stanford creates transparent brain
Researchers at Stanford University have developed a process called CLARITY that renders mouse brains transparent, enabling 3D imaging and molecular analysis. This breakthrough technology allows scientists to study the brain's complex structures without sectioning or damaging the tissue.
Neutrons help explain ozone poisoning and links to thousands of premature deaths each year
A study using neutrons has explained how ozone causes severe respiratory problems by attacking the fatty lining of lungs. The attack leads to increased surface tension, impairing oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.
Reducing salt and increasing potassium will have major global health benefits
Studies show that reducing salt intake lowers blood pressure, reduces the risk of stroke and heart disease. Increasing potassium intake also has significant health benefits, with reduced blood pressure and a lower risk of stroke in adults. Lowering sodium intake should be part of public health efforts to reduce cardiovascular diseases.
Antiviral lipid earns patent
Researchers at National Jewish Health have discovered a naturally occurring lipid, POPG, that reduces inflammation and inhibits infection by the influenza virus and RSV. The lipid offers a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of these respiratory infections.
Dolphin hearing system component found in insects
Scientists found a unique lipid compound that amplifies sound and efficiently transmits it to the ear drums of insects, similar to toothed whales. The discovery opens up possibilities for new systems in ultrasound technologies.
Biophysical Society names 5 2013 award recipients
The Biophysical Society has recognized five individuals with its 2013 awards for their significant contributions to biophysics and biomedical research. Carol Robinson and Joseph Zasadzinski received awards for their innovative work on mass spectrometry and lipid structures, respectively.
High-risk carotid artery plaque formation is increased in older COPD patients
Researchers have discovered that older COPD patients are more likely to develop high-risk carotid artery plaque formations and have a greater presence of vulnerable plaques with a lipid core. This finding highlights the increased risk of ischemic events in these patients.
SourceAmerican Thoracic Society·JournalAmerican Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·DateOct 26, 2012
With new mass spectrometer, researchers can grow knowledge of plants and environmental stress
Researchers at Kansas State University are using the new mass spectrometer to analyze plant responses to heat, cold, and other stresses. By studying Arabidopsis thaliana, a model plant species, they aim to improve crop plants' ability to withstand environmental stress.
Rethinking toxic proteins on the cellular level
A new study at the University of Rochester has discovered that lipid droplets store histones, making them available for chromosome assembly. The findings suggest that binding to lipid droplets protects histones from being toxic to cells. This research challenges existing theories on histone balance and its mechanism.
Lipid helps cells find their way by keeping their 'antennae' up
A lipid, ceramide, helps cells find their way by keeping their antennae up, enabling direction and signal response. This function is crucial for maintaining proper cell locations, such as brain cells staying in the correct region.
SourceMedical College of Georgia at Augusta University·JournalJournal of Biological Chemistry·DateJul 9, 2012
JCI early table of contents for June 11, 2012
Researchers have identified new therapeutic targets for cancer treatment by studying the interaction between natural killer cells and tumor cells. A study found that targeting JAK1 and JAK2 kinases may aid in eradicating tumors resistant to NK cell killing. Additionally, another study revealed that periostin plays a crucial role in chr...
Clinical studies support health and development benefits of algal DHA during pregnancy, infancy
Research indicates that algal DHA supplementation during pregnancy increases DHA blood levels in both mother and newborn, as well as infant birth weight, length, and head circumference. Additionally, studies suggest that DHA deficiency during pregnancy may limit infants' development potential.
Study examines use of waist measures among overweight and obese adolescents
A study found that waist measures, including waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio, are associated with lipid and blood pressure assessments in overweight and obese adolescents. In contrast, body mass index alone did not show strong associations with these health markers.
U-M biologists find potential drug that speeds cellular recycling
A University of Michigan team has identified a synthetic small molecule that can activate lysosome calcium channels, potentially treating rare inherited metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. The discovery could also provide insights into the aging process.
New research helps to identify ancient droughts in China
Researchers used a microbial lipid proxy to identify ancient droughts and alkaline soils on the Tibetan Plateau, associated with significant uplift nine million years ago. The study suggests that abrupt uplifts can cause enhanced aridity in central Asia.
Trudeau Institute announces latest discovery in vaccine development
Researchers at the Trudeau Institute have discovered a new properties of a potential vaccine adjuvant that suggests it could be useful for enhancing protection against a number of different infections. The discovery provides a promising lead for developing a new class of vaccines.
Saving Da Vinci's Last Supper from air pollution
A multi-national team, including USC scientists, found that indoor pollution has been drastically reduced at the church housing the famous painting by 88 and 94 percent. However, fatty lipids from visitors' skin still pose a threat of soiling on the Last Supper, despite strict visitor access regulations.
Lipid blocks influenza infection
Researchers at National Jewish Health have discovered a natural lipid, POPG, that inhibits influenza infections in cell cultures and mouse models. The molecule suppresses inflammatory responses, viral propagation, and cell death associated with influenza infection.
SourceNational Jewish Health·JournalAmerican Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology·DateNov 9, 2011
Redefining 'clean'
Researchers have developed a new technique using low-temperature plasmas to deactivate potentially harmful biomolecules, including those that can cause severe medical problems. The study's findings suggest that the effectiveness of this method may depend on the composition of the plasma.
Focus on fats
A massive research project, LIPID MAPS, has identified the complete complement of lipids within cells and gained insight into their role in cellular functions. The new knowledge may have significant implications for understanding diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes.
Gladstone experiments suggest research avenues for treating excess fat storage and obesity
Scientists at Gladstone Institutes have identified CCT enzyme as a key regulator in fat storage. The research suggests new directions for treating excess fat storage and obesity. By understanding how the body stores fat safely, researchers can explore new treatments for conditions like heart disease and type 2 diabetes.
New complex offers potentially safer alternative for gene therapy delivery
Scientists developed an electrically neutral matrix to hold DNA fragments, which spontaneously align and form ordered structures at high concentrations. This technology has potential applications beyond gene therapy, including the delivery of chemical drugs.
Scientists develop a fatty 'kryptonite' to defeat multidrug-resistant 'Super bugs'
A team of Canadian scientists discovered that specific mixtures of antimicrobial agents presented in lipid (fatty) mixtures can significantly boost the effectiveness of those agents to kill multidrug-resistant bacteria. This new therapy has the potential to combat bacterial multidrug resistance, a growing clinical problem.
SourceFederation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·JournalThe FASEB Journal·DateJun 16, 2011
New route to map brain fat
Researchers develop a new method to visualize lipid distribution in the human brain, revealing detailed information about neurodegenerative diseases. The study uses imaging mass spectrometry and functional autoradiography to identify 43 types of lipids in three distinct brain regions.
Young scientist at Virginia Commonwealth University wins Avanti prize
Charles E. Chalfant, a researcher at Virginia Commonwealth University, has won the Avanti Young Investigator Award in Lipid Research for his groundbreaking studies on ceramide and ceramide-1-phosphate. He is recognized for his research productivity and emerging leadership in lipid research.
South Carolina researcher wins Avanti Award in Lipids
Yusuf Hannun has pioneered the understanding of bioactive sphingolipids, a class of lipids regulating multiple cell functions. His research group is one of the best-funded lipid research groups in the US.
Researchers find link between common dietary fat, intestinal microbes and heart disease
A new study discovered that specific intestinal microflora metabolize phosphatidyl choline, a common dietary lipid found in animal products, into compounds associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. The study found that higher levels of these compounds are linked to an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and death.
Single cell studies identify coactivator role in fat cell maturation
Researchers discovered a continuum of cells with varying levels of PPAR gamma and lipids, contradicting the long-held theory that PPAR gamma equals fat. This finding has implications for type 2 diabetes treatment and may lead to the development of new drugs targeting coactivators.
Lipid peroxides -- more sophisticated than their reputation
A joint study by Helmholtz Zentrum München and Karolinska Institutet reveals that lipid peroxides temporarily inactivate protein tyrosine phosphatases, regulating cellular communication. This finding is crucial as aberrant activation of receptor tyrosine kinases contributes to various diseases, including cancer.
SourceHelmholtz Munich (Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH))·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateAug 24, 2010