Articles tagged with Oxides
Researchers at EPFL have achieved a record-breaking photoelectrochemical water-splitting efficiency of 4.5% using cuprous oxide (Cu2O) photocathodes with copper thiocyanate (CuSCN) as a transparent and effective hole transport layer, showing improved performance and overcoming limitations such as high cost and electron-hole recombination.
A research team at Washington University in St. Louis found that dissolved organic compounds can trigger the mobilization of arsenic in recharged aquifers. When oxygen is introduced into the aquifer, it triggers oxidative dissolution of sulfide minerals, releasing arsenic into the water.
A team of scientists has discovered new details about a type of thin film being explored for advanced microelectronics. The research reveals that the material's local static properties remain intact when transferred from one substrate to another, making it promising for future complex oxide microelectronics.
Researchers have identified three mechanisms by which nitrogen oxides affect sulfate production, revealing that both low and high NOx levels can promote sulfate formation. The study highlights the need for policymakers to control NOx emissions in a way that balances reductions in both SO2 and NOx.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have developed a new aqueous lithium-ion battery that is non-flammable, cost-efficient, and effective. The battery uses a water-in-salt electrolyte and complex oxides to achieve fast-charging capability and high energy storage per unit volume.
Researchers at PPPL have developed a novel design that could increase the efficiency of gasoline-fueled internal combustion engines while reducing toxic emissions. The patented method rapidly spins gas inside cylinders to operate at lower temperatures, resulting in lower Nitrogen Oxide emissions and improved fuel economy.
Researchers have discovered point defects in beta gallium oxide, which could impact its efficiency as a semiconductor. The defects can provide opportunities for unprecedented control of the material's properties if properly manipulated.
Researchers have identified a novel protein involved in the anammox process, which converts ammonium and nitric oxide to hydrazine. This protein has a unique four-amino-acid structure that was overlooked in previous studies.
Researchers created manganite nanowires with controlled quenched disorder, revealing enhanced magnetoresistance. Quenched disorder plays a significant role in complex oxide systems.
Researchers have developed a novel, highly porous material that enables efficient hydrogen production from water using less expensive catalysts. The new electrode surpasses commercial systems in terms of activity and achieves significant reductions in iridium usage.
A new study found that nitrous oxide emissions have risen steadily since the mid-20th century, linked to increased nitrogen substrates released into the environment. The global rate of increase has been underestimated by current methods, and a global effort is needed to solve this problem.
Scientists from Tokyo Metropolitan University developed a low-temperature catalyst using bulk defective vanadium oxide to remove NOx gas from industrial exhaust. The catalyst works at temperatures below 150 degrees Celsius with higher efficiency than conventional catalysts.
Researchers demonstrate that thin films of amorphous aluminum oxide glass can be permanently bent and pulled under high stress without breaking. The flawless material's high plasticity is linked to its density, with key criteria needed to identify other ductile oxide glasses.
Researchers found that northern tree species, including pine, birch, and spruce, release nitrous oxide into the atmosphere. The emissions vary by season, with peaks in summer, and are linked to physiological activity. The study suggests trees play a significant role in the global N2O balance.
Daily satellite observations show that NOx lifetime decreases even as concentrations increase in 34 cities from 2005-2014. Accounting for these changes is crucial to accurately estimating NOx emissions and understanding the relationship between emissions and concentrations.
Researchers at Chinese Academy of Sciences develop strategy to stabilize isolated metal atoms on oxide supports using ionic liquids as electronic stabilizer. The method improves catalytic performance and dispersion state of Pt1 and Pd1 catalysts.
Researchers at Lehigh University have discovered the mechanism behind a crucial catalyst that reduces harmful industrial emissions. The study found that tungsten oxide changes the structure of vanadium oxide, increasing its activity and reducing undesirable reaction products.
Researchers from Cornell University have developed a novel technique called magneto-thermal microscopy to visualize the spin orientation of antiferromagnetic materials. This breakthrough enables control over the material's textures and unlocks new possibilities for high-density storage and faster electronic devices.
A large US retrospective study finds nitrous oxide effective in managing labor pain with high patient satisfaction rates and safety for newborns. Despite being an alternative option, most women ultimately opt for epidurals or other pain management techniques.
Lithium-ion batteries face limitations including flammability, fast charging degradation and overcharging issues. Developing alternatives to liquid electrolytes is a promising strategy to address these challenges.
Researchers at Yale University are developing new materials that can mimic neurons, compute with magnets, and calculate using quantum mechanics. The team used a precision measurement technique to create artificial crystals composed of elements from the periodic table.
Scientists discover a hitherto unknown mechanism behind the formation of nitroso thiols, important reaction products of nitric oxide. This process occurs during the formation of dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs), which are also products of nitric oxide.
Researchers from North Carolina State University have shown that the E75 protein plays a critical role in regulating biological rhythms in Daphnia magna. Suppression of E75 results in longer molt cycles and reduced numbers of offspring. The study highlights the potential impact of environmental stressors on population sustainability.
Researchers have made a groundbreaking design discovery that doubles the conductivity of indium oxide (ITO) transparent coatings, a crucial material for touch screens and solar cells. The new material, IMO, has twice the conductivity of ITO with half the thickness and amount of indium required.
Scientists from Ural Federal University and Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology developed a green synthesis method for iron oxide nanoparticles using Ipomoea aquatica extract. The resulting nanoparticles exhibit superparamagnetic nature, antibacterial activity, and potential applications in biomedicine.
Researchers at MIT developed a material that is 10 times blacker than anything reported previously, using vertically aligned carbon nanotubes. The new coating absorbs greater than 99.995% of incoming light from any angle, making it the blackest material on record.
Scientists have developed a new technique to study nanoscale chemical structures and local electronic states using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. The method breaks the diffraction limit, allowing for high-resolution analysis of materials at the atomic scale.
A recent study found that exercising while using antibacterial mouthwash can significantly reduce the benefits of exercise on lowering blood pressure. The researchers discovered that oral bacteria play a crucial role in the production of nitrite, a molecule that enhances nitric oxide production and helps maintain widened blood vessels....
Scientists have identified a major genetic regulator of iron tolerance, called GSNOR, which enables plants to grow in environments with high iron levels. The discovery could lead to crop species that thrive in soils with excess iron, improving food security and yields.
Researchers from MIPT created a second-order memristor that stores information and forgets it over time, mimicking natural memory. The device is based on hafnium oxide and has potential applications in designing analog neurocomputers.
Researchers at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have made the first nickel oxide material that exhibits clear superconducting properties. The discovery is significant as it opens up new possibilities for high-temperature superconductors, which could revolutionize electronic devices and power transmission.
Researchers at the Ferdinand-Braun-Institut developed beta-Ga2O3-MOSFETs with a high breakdown voltage and record power figure of merit, achieving unique performance figures close to theoretical material limits. The improved electrical properties lead to lower on-state resistances and higher breakdown voltages.
Researchers discovered that electrons in copper oxide superconductors continue to pair up even above the critical temperature, reducing the energy gap. This finding constrains theories about high-temperature superconductivity and opens avenues for designing more precise materials.
A team of engineers at Lehigh University has successfully created a catalyst that uses sunlight to split water molecules, producing hydrogen. This process is performed at room temperature and under ambient pressure, making it a promising route towards a renewable energy-based economy.
Scientists have discovered a new method to generate electricity using water flowing over thin metal layers. The oxide layer atop the nanometal layer results in an electron shuttle, allowing for efficient energy conversion.
Thin films of rust can convert kinetic energy into electricity when exposed to saltwater, offering a new method for sustainable power generation. The electrokinetic effect is around 30% efficient and has potential applications in tidal energy conversion and implantable devices.
Scientists at ETH Zurich developed a new catalyst technology converting CO2 and hydrogen directly into methanol, enabling the production of fuels and chemicals from renewable resources. The approach has significant potential to close the carbon cycle and produce sustainable methanol on an industrial scale.
University of Illinois researchers have developed a method to fabricate beta-gallium oxide, a potentially low-cost alternative to gallium nitride, using metal-assisted chemical etching. The process enables the production of 3D fin structures that can increase power handling and reduce chip size.
Researchers found that manganese can increase the rate of conversion from lead carbonate to lead dioxide by two orders of magnitude. This process can occur when chlorine disinfectants are used in water treatment, and varying concentrations of manganese among public water systems may explain differences in lead dioxide presence.
Researchers have developed polyvalent iodine-based reagents for organic synthesis, replacing toxic compounds and enabling reactions at room temperature. The mildest reagent is suitable for oxidizing natural compounds, while the most powerful reagent synthesizes fluorinated alcohols.
Researchers at KAUST have created a biohybrid material that performs well as an electrocatalyst, enabling the production of carbon-free fuels and green-energy applications. The material outperforms expensive metal-based OER catalysts in terms of efficiency and is environmentally friendly.
Researchers developed a stable cobalt(III)-nitrosyl complex, enabling controlled nitric oxide delivery to cells. This discovery has the potential to greatly impact treatment development for cardiovascular diseases, including vasodilation and enhanced neuroplasticity.
Researchers developed a process to release multiple active ingredients in sequence under conditions similar to the human body, using hydrogels and artificial DNA. The particles are released one by one, with each stage triggered by the previous release.
Researchers developed a direct method to etch-embed cerium (Ce) onto copper-based oxide surfaces, resulting in highly interactive surface structures with synergistic effects. The obtained catalysts exhibited attractive catalytic performance even in the presence of SO2.
Researchers found that LSMO retains its magnetic properties in atomically thin layers when sandwiched between two layers of LSCO. This arrangement allows for fewer than five atomic layers of LSMO to be used without losing magnetic properties.
Researchers at UCI unveil a new process for producing oxide perovskite crystals in exquisitely flexible, free-standing layers. The discovery creates a new class of two-dimensional materials with remarkable electronic properties, including high-temperature superconductivity.
Researchers from Germany, France, Denmark, and the USA have made a groundbreaking discovery about the Earth's magnetic field. By studying iron oxide hematite under extreme conditions, they found that it retains its magnetic properties even deep in the mantle, challenging the long-held assumption of its non-magnetic nature.
Researchers developed a novel configuration of zinc oxide to enable multi-level logic behavior, increasing processing capacity without adding more transistors. The technology bridges the gap between conventional computers and quantum computers, which could solve certain problems faster.
Researchers report a unique copper oxide exhibiting high-temperature superconductivity at up to 73 K, distinct structural features from known cuprate superconductors. This discovery suggests new directions for developing high-temperature superconductors.
Researchers reviewed methods to synthesize copper nanowires (Cu NWs) with improved oxidation resistance. Various post-processing methods were explored to enhance conductivity and stability, including high-temperature annealing and organic acid cleaning.
Scientists have discovered that graphene can be used to purify water by capturing bacterial cells, making it drinkable. The process involves adding graphene oxide to solutions containing E.coli bacteria, resulting in the formation of flakes that can be easily extracted and reused.
Researchers from University of East Anglia discovered a protein called NosL that helps assemble the copper-sulfide cluster active site in nitrogenase reductase, an enzyme that destroys N2O. The team's findings may help pave the way for strategies to mitigate the damaging effects of nitrous oxide on the environment.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have developed a new material that improves lithium-ion battery performance, enabling faster charging and higher energy density. The discovery could lead to enhanced applications in consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and solar grid storage.
A study found that zinc oxide reduces armpit odour by killing responsible bacteria, while also assisting in wound healing. The compound's antimicrobial effects were confirmed through a double-blind trial involving 30 healthy volunteers.
A new MIT study suggests that primitive ponds, rather than oceans, were more suitable for brewing up Earth's first life forms. Shallow bodies of water, on the order of 10 centimeters deep, could have held high concentrations of nitrogen, a key ingredient for jump-starting life.
A recent study reveals that thawing Alaskan permafrost is releasing about twelve times higher amounts of nitrous oxide than previously assumed, making it a significant contributor to global warming. The potent greenhouse gas can stay in the atmosphere for up to 114 years, posing an additional threat to the ozone layer.
Penn State researchers develop a novel zinc germanosilicate glass with high transparency, UV shielding, and favorable forming properties, making it an ideal material for lens applications. The new glass composition overcomes roadblocks associated with achieving high refractive index, such as crystallization and toxicity.
Functionalised iron oxide particles can attract hydrocarbons, including crude oil and petrol, allowing for easy removal by magnet. The process is environmentally-friendly and can be reused, reducing the impact of contamination on the environment.
Scientists at ORNL used computational methods to evaluate 4,600 potential crystal structures of uranium oxide compositions, identifying a potentially stable crystalline phase for U2O7. Their findings could lead to a better understanding of how crystalline and amorphous uranium materials form in the nuclear fuel cycle.
A University of Washington-led study reveals that declining nitrogen oxides due to tightened standards can lead to cleaner air, but the process may take longer. The research found that NOx affects the formation of PM2.5 by changing the chemistry of hydrocarbon vapors.