Articles tagged with Oxides
A recent study reveals that thawing Alaskan permafrost is releasing about twelve times higher amounts of nitrous oxide than previously assumed, making it a significant contributor to global warming. The potent greenhouse gas can stay in the atmosphere for up to 114 years, posing an additional threat to the ozone layer.
Penn State researchers develop a novel zinc germanosilicate glass with high transparency, UV shielding, and favorable forming properties, making it an ideal material for lens applications. The new glass composition overcomes roadblocks associated with achieving high refractive index, such as crystallization and toxicity.
Functionalised iron oxide particles can attract hydrocarbons, including crude oil and petrol, allowing for easy removal by magnet. The process is environmentally-friendly and can be reused, reducing the impact of contamination on the environment.
Scientists at ORNL used computational methods to evaluate 4,600 potential crystal structures of uranium oxide compositions, identifying a potentially stable crystalline phase for U2O7. Their findings could lead to a better understanding of how crystalline and amorphous uranium materials form in the nuclear fuel cycle.
Researchers at GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel have directly detected oceanic nitrification process by measuring hydroxylamine, a short-lived compound. The new method allows for quick and simple analysis of nitrous oxide formation in the ocean.
A University of Washington-led study reveals that declining nitrogen oxides due to tightened standards can lead to cleaner air, but the process may take longer. The research found that NOx affects the formation of PM2.5 by changing the chemistry of hydrocarbon vapors.
Reduced NOx emissions lower particulate matter production through decreased oxidant abundance. Atmospheric autoxidation of plant compounds decreases with NOx reductions, consistent with US observations from 1990 to 2010.
Scientists have discovered anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria that directly use nitric oxide to grow, producing harmless dinitrogen gas instead of potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. This finding has significant implications for our climate and the earth's nitrogen cycle.
Researchers at Kanazawa University have developed a plasma-assisted MnO2 filter that produces exhaust free of NOx and SOx. The filter augments the desulfurization properties of MnO2 with ozone from an atmospheric-pressure non-equilibrium plasma, improving NO2 elimination by over 99%.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University discovered that gut bacteria secrete nitric oxide to communicate with mammalian hosts, controlling gene expression and influencing human health. This 'interspecies communication' strategy has implications for diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and cancer.
Researchers from BFU and NRNU MEPhI created a tungsten oxide-based detector for hydrogen gas mixes, showing a significant increase in sensitivity. The new detector has the potential to improve the detection of hydrogen leakages, a critical issue in industries using hydrogen.
Theoretical physicists at Linköping University developed a computational method to calculate the transition from one phase to another in dynamically disordered solid materials. This enables the development of eco-friendly materials for solar cells, batteries and fuel cells.
Researchers have developed a soft and moldable graphene oxide material called GO dough that solves several challenges in the graphene manufacturing industry. This innovative material can be shaped and reshaped into free-standing structures without combustion risks or heavy packaging issues.
Researchers at the University of Exeter have developed a new technique to embed high-K dielectrics into van der Waals heterostructures, allowing for improved performance and added functionalities. This innovation paves the way for a new generation of flexible electronic components.
A study from Indiana University predicts that climate change will lead to increased air pollutants from US forest soils, which can cause smog, acid rain, and respiratory problems. Tree species such as maple, sassafras, and tulip poplar are found to promote the release of nitrogen oxides.
Researchers have developed a high-performance catalyst for converting methane to formaldehyde using nanomaterials and a core-shell structure. The catalyst has a stable structure and high reactivity at high temperatures, increasing efficiency by more than twice as much as before.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have developed a novel membrane technology that purifies water while preventing biofouling using bacterial nanocellulose and reduced graphene oxide. The new membrane can filter water twice as fast as commercially available ultrafiltration membranes and is environmentally friendly.
Bioactive compounds 5 and others were found to be potent inhibitors of ROS and NO. Most active compounds showed good anti-inflammatory potential without toxicity on NIH-3T3 cells.
Researchers from the U.S. Army and top universities discovered a new way to enhance energetic performance of metal powders in battlefield systems by igniting aluminum micron powders coated with graphene oxide. The discovery, published in ACS Nano, could lead to improved range and lethality of existing weapons systems.
Researchers at University College London and the University of Illinois at Chicago have developed a new method for making magnesium chromium oxide materials that can reversibly store magnesium ions, a crucial feature for magnesium battery technology. This discovery could lead to more efficient and safer batteries with increased capacity.
Targeting chemical signals between the gut and brain may lead to a new treatment for obesity by disrupting nerve cells that send messages about food intake. Researchers found that nitric oxide reduces sensitivity of nerves, leading to increased food consumption in obese mice.
Researchers assess the promise of gallium oxide as an ultrawide bandgap semiconductor, offering improved thermal management and gate dielectrics. Ga2O3's potential applications include high-voltage rectifiers in power conditioning and distribution systems, such as electric cars and photovoltaic solar systems.
Researchers have synthesized and described metastable phases of high-pressure silica, coesite-IV and coesite-V, with crystal structures drastically different from earlier models. These new materials exist at extreme pressures and challenge Pauling's rules on bonding in inorganic materials.
Researchers at ETH Zurich developed a method to produce artificial mother-of-pearl with tailored properties, similar to natural mussels. The material's structure is composed of tiny plates stacked on top of each other and interconnected with mineral bridges, which can be adjusted to achieve desired physical properties.
Scientists have created a memristive element made from nanowires that functions similarly to biological nerve cells, storing and processing information in parallel. The discovery offers promising advantages for bioinspired computers, which can work decentralised with multiple processors connected by networks.
Engineers are working on a $1.88 million grant to study the fundamental properties of gallium oxide for use in high-voltage power systems. The goal is to minimize energy losses and enhance performance in devices such as surveillance drones, all-electric airplanes, and electric vehicles.
The formation of secondary particulate matter in the atmosphere is still not fully understood. Alexander Vogel's research aims to identify its sources and improve air quality by analyzing molecular fingerprints from atmospheric samples.
Scientists at Nagoya Institute of Technology create raspberry-shaped nanoparticle that converts toxic carbon monoxide into harmless carbon dioxide. The unique surface nanostructure improves low-temperature CO oxidation activity and holds promise for future applications in catalysis.
Researchers at Michigan Technological University are developing nitric oxide-laden bandages that adjust chemical release depending on cell conditions. The goal is to create a more nuanced way to recover wound function and reduce the healing time of diabetic foot ulcers.
A team of Penn Engineers has developed a new material called nanocardboard, an ultrathin equivalent of corrugated paper cardboard. It is made of aluminum oxide film with a thickness of tens of nanometers and can spring back into shape after being bent in half.
Researchers discovered that soil bacteria hedge their bets by maintaining systems for nitrous oxide destruction in low oxygen environments. This 'bet-hedging strategy' may be widespread and can help control nitrous oxide emissions, a potent climate-active gas.
Researchers at the University of Groningen have successfully created nanosized ferroelectric materials using hafnium oxide, which can store information like magnetic bits. The discovery could lead to more efficient and compact computer memory by leveraging the unique properties of these materials.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibit antibacterial, anticancer, and antioxidant effects, but also induce toxic effects on various organs and systems. Their concentration-dependent toxicity highlights the importance of determining efficacy and safety.
Researchers found a way to change the spatial arrangement of bipyridine molecules on surfaces using metals, which can improve dye-sensitized solar cells. The cis configuration is formed through the addition of iron atoms and increased temperature, altering the chemical conformation.
Researchers have created a see-through microfluidic device that minimizes biological sample destruction and allows for clear observation of inner workings. Thin hafnium oxide layers enable biocompatibility and transparency, reducing unwanted side effects like cell lysis.
Researchers analyzed oxide films at atomic level to understand their impact on metal corrosion. The team found that the growth rate of oxide films determines their structure and composition, enabling new ways to protect metals.
Researchers from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a new, porous electrocatalyst that can split water molecules at a higher rate than current industry standards. The material, made from a mixture of metal compounds and perchloric acid, has shown improved stability in acidic environments.
Chemists at Ural Federal University have created electrochemical cells for water electrolysis in the presence of carbon dioxide, demonstrating enhanced performance under 'hard' conditions. The study reveals that these cells can produce synthesis gas, a semi-finished fuel, with high efficiency and stability.
Physicists have successfully transferred information over long distances using antiferromagnetic iron oxide, a material found in rust. This breakthrough aims to create fast and efficient computing devices with reduced heat production.
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago developed a nano-sandwich technique to improve heat transfer between two-dimensional materials and silicon bases, reducing component failure due to overheating. By adding an ultra-thin layer of aluminum oxide, they were able to double energy transfer between the materials.
A new study finds that rice farms emit 45 times more nitrous oxide than continuously flooded farms, which also predominantly emit methane. The authors call for scientists to map flooding regimes and measure emissions, as well as optimize water use to reduce climate impacts.
Researchers found that positively charged calcium ions enhance Ti-1 peptide adhesion to titanium surfaces while limiting access for Ti-2 peptide, revealing principles for designing peptides with tunable affinity to titanium applications.
A new study suggests that nitrous oxide, a powerful greenhouse gas, played a significant role in keeping early Earth warm. The research found that nitrous oxide could have reached ten times today's levels, providing an extra boost of global warming under the Faint Young Sun Paradox.
Researchers at Syracuse University use nitrogen isotopic composition of sediments to understand changes in marine conditions during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, a brief period of rapid global warming approximately 56 million years ago. The study provides a benchmark for present and future climate and ocean models.
Researchers found that compounds in Sakurajima Daikon radish promote nitric oxide production, which can improve coronary blood vessel function. The study identifies trigonelline as the active component behind this effect.
New class of materials has been identified that can be used to make batteries that charge faster. Lithium ions move through the materials at rates that exceed typical electrode materials, resulting in a much faster-charging battery. The researchers found that these materials, known as niobium tungsten oxides, do not result in higher en...
Researchers from Osaka University have developed a technique to fabricate ceramic ultra-thin films using solution process, achieving high power conversion efficiency. The technique eliminates the need for heating, drastically reducing production cost and environmental impact.
Research from Rockefeller University reveals that giant neurons in the brainstem, called nucleus gigantocellularis, express genes linked to nitric oxide production and blood vessel relaxation. This discovery supports their role in initiating behavior and potentially understanding psychiatric disorders like bipolar disorder and ADHD.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have developed a new way to chemically deposit a second face on Janus membranes, resulting in more robust and precisely structured membranes. This breakthrough could help optimize or enable various industrial processes, including wastewater treatment and biofuel production.
A new study published in eLife reveals that roundworms, specifically Caenorhabditis elegans, use nitric oxide gas as a sensory cue to avoid the pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The protein thioredoxin plays a crucial role in regulating the temporal dynamics of the worm's response to the gas.
A new study by Duke University found that urban stormwater ponds do not release significant amounts of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas. The research, which analyzed sediment samples from 64 ponds in eight cities, concluded that these ponds are unlikely to be important sources of climate change emissions.
Researchers from Russia and India have developed a narrow-band UV photodetector based on indium oxide nanocrystals embedded in aluminum oxide. The device shows record values of responsivity and external quantum efficiency, making it suitable for applications such as fluorescence detection and UV phototherapy.
Researchers identified the presence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in neurons, which can modulate environmentally dependent levels of arousal. Blocking eNOS resulted in hyperactive behavior long after stimuli were removed, suggesting a potential new mechanism for treating psychiatric diseases.
A new research group at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) will study the global impacts of agriculture on climate change and focus on reducing nitrous oxide emissions. The team, led by Dr. Clemens Scheer, aims to develop joint standards for measurement and modeling.
A randomized, controlled trial found that administration of nitric oxide gas during and for 24 hours following heart surgery decreased the risk of acute and chronic kidney problems. Nitric oxide reduced the risk of acute kidney injury by 50% and chronic kidney disease by 21%.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have made significant breakthroughs in understanding how alloys behave at high temperatures. The new findings provide a better understanding of the role of reactive elements and water vapour in promoting the growth of an aluminium oxide scale, leading to faster-growing, nanocrystalline o...
Empa researcher Sebastian Siol develops new phase of manganese selenide and telluride alloy, displaying useful piezoelectric properties. The material combination is promising for various applications such as smart windows, gas sensors and semiconductor coatings.
Researchers found that e-cigarette flavorings impaired nitric oxide production in endothelial cells, leading to increased inflammation and oxidative stress. The study suggests that flavoring additives may have serious health consequences, particularly for youth tobacco users.
Researchers have developed a new carbon-based material that significantly outperforms current drying agents, with twice the absorbent capacity of industry standard silica gel. The super desiccant can discharge moisture at energy-saving low temperatures, making it suitable for frequent reuse and reducing costs.
A new AFM method reveals that water layers minimize deformation and make it more reversible, leading to increased efficiency in storing charge and losing less energy. The discovery holds promise for developing energy storage technologies.