Articles tagged with Oxides
Researchers found a 76% slowdown in nitrogen oxide emissions reduction from 2005 to 2015, contradicting EPA predictions of a 16% decrease. The discrepancy was largely due to increased industrial and off-road vehicle emissions while on-road gasoline vehicles declined.
A new study reveals that US improvements in air quality are slowing down, making it challenging to meet ozone pollution goals. The slowdown is attributed to slower-than-expected reductions in emissions from industrial and commercial sources.
Researchers have created a wide-bandgap semiconductor called gallium oxide (Ga2O3) that can be engineered into nanometer-scale structures to facilitate high-speed electronics. The new material has demonstrated record mobilities and quantum transport properties.
Guus Rijnders has been awarded the Julius Springer Prize for Applied Physics for his pioneering research on pulsed laser deposition and its applications in interface engineering. His work focuses on creating complex materials with novel functionalities, including brain-inspired electronics and sensors.
Researchers have found that nitric oxide regulates neuron function by modulating a signalling step at the synapse, changing the position of the complexin protein within a synapse. This regulation can help understand neurological conditions and potentially lead to new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers have developed a new cathode material that uses cation-mixing to improve sodium storage, leading to superior rate capability, high energy efficiency, and excellent cycling performance. The
Researchers found that tungsten oxide nanoparticles selectively target cancer cells while being harmless to healthy cells, opening up new therapeutic possibilities. The particles also exhibit strong antibacterial properties, making them a potential solution for wastewater purification.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have discovered the mechanism by which holes become trapped in zinc oxide nanoparticles, a material with potential for solar energy applications. The study uses X-ray techniques to visualize hole trapping in specific regions of the nanoparticle, revealing its impact on material performance.
Research finds drained fertile peatlands and irrigated organic soils boost nitrous oxide emission significantly. Conservation of fens and swamps is crucial to reduce climate change impact.
Researchers at University of Illinois Chicago developed graphene-oxide coated nanosheets to regulate lithium deposition, extending battery life and safety
A team of researchers from the US Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory has developed a comprehensive model for nitrogen oxide formation in combustion. The study reveals that temperature and fuel mixture richness significantly impact NOx production, providing valuable insights for engine companies seeking to reduce emissions.
A new study from the University of Eastern Finland found that people with major depressive disorder have reduced arginine levels, which can affect nitric oxide production and vascular regulation. The study also suggests that depression may be linked to lower arginine bioavailability, but further research is needed
Researchers found a significant association between rapid increases in air pollution and cardiovascular risk, even in clean air cities. Nitric oxide increases of over 20 μg/m3 within 24 hours doubled the risk of heart attack.
Researchers have identified activation of nitric oxide-dependent endothelial function as the key to losartan's anti-aortic root remodeling activities. This finding challenges traditional views on blood pressure control in Marfan syndrome treatment, suggesting a new approach focusing on endothelial function may be more beneficial.
Researchers propose using gallium oxide for producing microelectronics due to its large bandgap and high-breakdown-voltage capabilities. This enables the design of FETs with smaller geometries and improved energy density.
A team led by Chang-Beom Eom at the University of Wisconsin-Madison has directly observed a two-dimensional hole gas, a counterpart to the two-dimensional electron gas. The discovery is crucial for advancing oxide electronics materials, which could enable new concepts and applications in fields like computing and communication.
A new measurement technology has enabled scientists to determine nitrogen oxide concentrations in the ocean for the first time in 30 years. Low oxygen levels are linked to NO production, according to a recent study published in Deep-Sea Research Part II.
Researchers at Siberian Federal University have developed a new method for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions in heat power plants (HPPs). By modeling the process of coal burning and testing different fuels, they found that mechanically activated fuel can reduce Nox emissions by up to 50% compared to traditional coal. This technology ha...
KAIST researchers have developed a new technique to improve the chemical stability of electrode materials in solid oxide fuel cells. By employing a small amount of metals, they can extend the lifespan of these energy technology devices. This innovation has the potential to improve the long-term performance and durability of fuel cells.
Researchers at UC Riverside used ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy to investigate the strength of electron spin interactions with phonons in antiferromagnetic nickel oxide crystals. The study sheds light on long-standing puzzles surrounding this material and has important implications for developing spintronic devices.
Researchers integrated oxide two-dimensional electron gases with gallium arsenide, creating a promising material for new electronic devices. The new development could lead to the creation of transistors, superconducting switches, and gas sensors that interact with light.
Scientists confirm that a decline in chlorine levels resulting from the international ban on CFCs is leading to less ozone depletion in the Antarctic winter. The study found a 20% decrease in ozone loss from 2005 to 2016, with a steady annual decline of 0.8%.
Researchers have developed a novel MOF shell-derived surface modification of Li-rich layered oxide cathode, enhancing its electrochemical performance. The LLO@C&NiCo cathode retains up to 95% capacity after 100 cycles and exhibits high rate capability.
Reduced nitric oxide levels over Los Angeles are triggering the formation of organic hydroperoxides, a potentially harmful class of airborne chemicals. These compounds can form when hydrocarbons react with themselves due to low nitric oxide concentrations, posing unknown health risks.
KAUST researchers have devised a strategy to integrate transparent conducting metal-oxide contacts with 2D semiconductors into fully transparent devices. The team used aluminum-doped zinc oxide, a low-cost transparent and electrically conductive material, to generate series of devices and circuits.
Rodney S. Ruoff, a renowned researcher at UNIST, has been awarded the James C. McGroddy Prize for his groundbreaking work on scalable synthesis and applications of graphene and its derivatives. With over 141,000 citations, Ruoff is considered one of the most prolific researchers in the field.
Researchers have developed a new material that combines high-refractive-index material and magnetic garnet to yield ten times enhanced performance. The material, amorphous tantalum yttrium oxide, retains transmissivity after thermal treatment at 850°C.
Researchers at the University of Konstanz have successfully synthesized Europium(II) oxide nanoparticles, a ferromagnetic semiconductor with promising properties for spin-based electronics. The team developed a novel two-stage process to produce high-quality and anisotropic EuO-nanoparticles with tunable magnetic properties.
Researchers studied ceria nanoparticles using probe molecules and a complex ultrahigh vacuum-infrared measurement system, gaining insights into their surface chemistry. The findings suggest that surface defects and oxygen vacancies enhance the high catalytic activity of these nanoparticles.
In this study, scientists analyzed NO production in brain tissue of rats with simulated ischemia. NO levels decreased up to 2-3 times within 5 hours after stroke signs appeared, lasting for 24 and 72 hours.
Researchers have observed the formation of aluminum oxide dust around an AGB star, providing insight into wind acceleration. The team discovered that AlO was distributed within three stellar radii, while SiO remained gaseous beyond five stellar radii.
Researchers have designed a new catalyst made of cobalt and tungsten that reduces the cost of electrolytic hydrogen production by splitting water molecules at very low voltages. This process avoids the use of expensive and scarce precious metals like iridium.
The study presents a novel catalyst for metal-air batteries with excellent electrochemical performance, close to that of precious metal catalysts. The new catalyst, PBSCF-NF, exhibits high surface areas and improves the bi-functionality of oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction.
Researchers from RMIT University have created two-dimensional materials no thicker than a few atoms using liquid metal, revolutionizing chemistry and electronics. The breakthrough could lead to better, more energy-efficient electronics and new applications in catalysis.
Researchers at Nationwide Children's Hospital describe a gene-environment interaction that increases the risk of congenital heart defects in infants born to diabetic mothers. Maternal hyperglycemia disrupts normal heart development by reducing nitric oxide production and increasing expression of Jarid2, a repressor of Notch1.
Researchers at Kumamoto University discovered that pressure can be generated by stacking graphene oxide nanosheets and that this pressure increases with heat treatment. The study found a maximum pressure of 38 x 10^6 Pa, which can be adjusted by changing the heat treatment temperature.
Researchers in China have successfully grown ferroelectric thin films with symmetric oxide electrodes, stabilizing flux-closure domains and their periodic arrays. This finding disproves previous theories and opens up new possibilities for the evolution of these structures under external electric fields.
A study by Rice University researchers found that biochar can reduce health care costs, especially in urban areas close to farmland. The use of biochar in agriculture may also lower the need for fertilizer and reduce pollutants by storing nitrogen in the soil.
This research reviews the use of probiotics for producing metallic nanoparticles (MNPs), which have potential applications in treating diseases and diagnosing conditions. Gold, silver, copper and zinc oxide NPs are suggested for drug delivery, antimicrobial activity, and anti-corrosive properties.
A new study by Cornell University chemists reveals a critical step in the nitrification process where nitric oxide acts as a chemical prelude to nitrite. This discovery could lead to more efficient fertilization practices and reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
International research team discovers extremely low-oxygen regions in Atlantic Ocean, producing high levels of nitrous oxide. The phenomenon was previously unknown and had escaped research due to the small size and mobility of these eddies.
A team of Penn State researchers has created 2D layered devices that can self-assemble at atomistic precision, enabling the production of high-efficiency devices such as flexible electronics and energy storage systems. The devices feature minute spacing between layers, which is crucial for achieving optimal performance.
A recent study from LA BioMed researchers found that the proper use of acupuncture can lead to elevated levels of nitric oxide in the skin at acupoints, increasing blood flow and analgesic release. The study suggests that this method may contribute to the pain-relieving effects of acupuncture.
Scientists develop a simple method to make graphene oxide smart, allowing it to bend in response to changing humidity without external power. They created spider-like crawlers and claw robots that move in response to environmental changes.
The study found that installing a thin gold film can suppress spin wave (SW) noise and stabilize its propagation characteristics. The researchers discovered that the position of the gold film affects the generation of noise, allowing for a smoothened transmission and reduced frequency variations.
A team of researchers at Argonne National Laboratory has identified a nickel oxide compound with promising properties for high-temperature superconductivity. The compound, a metallic trilayer nickelate, successfully synthesized single crystals that resemble cuprate materials, a crucial step towards solving the field's defining problem.
A team of researchers has developed improved tin electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction, which can increase the energy efficiency of the process. The study used computational quantum chemistry modeling to predict which dopant additives can enhance the conversion rate.
Researchers from Tomsk Polytechnic University have developed a technology to obtain liquid fuel from coal wastes for thermal power stations, reducing anthropogenic emissions and disposing of waste efficiently. The new fuel composition shows lower sulfur and nitrogen oxide emissions when burned compared to traditional coals.
EPFL scientists have developed an Earth-abundant catalyst to split carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon monoxide, producing liquid fuels from renewable sources. The catalyst achieved a high efficiency of 13.4% in converting CO2 to CO using solar energy.
Researchers at Michigan State University discovered that decomposing leaves in soil are a surprising source of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas. The team found that large soil pores create micro-habitats perfect for bacteria to produce nitrous oxide.
Researchers have discovered that decomposing leaves in soil are a significant source of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas. The study, led by Michigan State University, found that leaf particles create micro-habitats perfect for bacteria that produce nitrous oxide.
A recent study found that permafrost thaw in northern peatlands can lead to a five-fold increase in nitrous oxide emissions. The emission rates matched those from tropical forest soils, highlighting the significant impact of Arctic warming on the global N2O budget.
A team of physicists has implemented a new measurement method that reveals traffic is the major polluter of nitrogen oxide emissions in European cities, accounting for over 80% of emissions. The study's findings highlight the need for revised atmospheric models and air quality management strategies to address the underestimated emissions.
Researchers at UC San Diego developed a flexible and stretchable rechargeable battery that can power wearable sensors. The batteries use commercially available materials and are stable, allowing them to be worn for long periods.
Researchers found that lithium oxide retains hydrogen isotopes like pure lithium, improving plasma performance in fusion devices. The study suggests that high-purity lithium may not be necessary for optimal results.
Researchers discovered that stretching and compressing ceria increases its oxygen storage capacity, overturning conventional wisdom on oxide materials. This finding has significant implications for developing solid oxide fuel cells and green-energy technologies.
Researchers in Japan developed a new diamond-based transistor fabrication process that promises to advance the development of more robust and energy-efficient electronics. The process uses manufactured diamonds with yttrium oxide insulator to overcome silicon limitations.
A study published in Nature found that diesel vehicle emissions significantly underestimate real-world nitrogen oxide levels by up to 50%. The research revealed that excess emissions from 2015 affected 13.2 million tons of nitrogen oxide, leading to 38,000 premature deaths worldwide.
The study develops a process to grow very small nanorods with precise separation, allowing for specific patterns in devices like gas sensors. This method reduces fabrication costs and enables more precise gas detection.
The study found that the material with atomically thin layers of water stored energy more efficiently than the regular material, wasting less energy as heat. This breakthrough holds promise for future energy-storage technologies, such as thinner batteries and faster renewable-based power grids.