Articles tagged with Oxides
A team of Carnegie scientists has identified a form of iron oxide that resembles pyrite, which they believe could be responsible for seismic and geothermal signatures in the deep mantle. The discovery sheds new light on Earth's formation and evolution, and may even offer an alternative explanation for the Great Oxygenation Event.
Research finds that isoprene emitted by trees can influence ozone production in the St. Louis area, particularly at night and into the morning. The study suggests that a specific combination of nighttime chemistry and morning isoprene emissions can drive elevated ozone levels in urban areas downwind of major deciduous forests.
A recent study by the University of Eastern Finland and others found significant inaccuracies in traditional chamber techniques for measuring nitrous oxide emissions from soils. The eddy covariance method with modern laser technology provides more accurate continuous measurements, averaging out spatial and temporal variations.
Researchers have discovered a new approach to modulating synapses using graphene flakes, which buffer activity without acting on the brain or neurosurgery. The method is selective for excitatory synapses and could be used to target certain diseases with non-invasive treatments.
Researchers at Oregon State University have created a new technology to induce and control boiling bubble formation. This innovation has the potential to improve the efficiency of steam boilers in large electric generating facilities. The approach uses piezoelectric inkjet printing and zinc oxide nanostructures to precisely control bub...
Researchers at Northwestern University have stabilized exfoliated black phosphorus by covalently bonding a single-molecule-thick layer onto its surface. This enhances electronic properties and prevents degradation in open air, making it suitable for applications such as sensors, transistors, and optoelectronics.
Researchers at MIPT create electronic synapses based on HfO2 memristors, exhibiting properties similar to biological synapses. The devices can model complex learning mechanisms, including LTP and LTD, and demonstrate spike-timing-dependent plasticity.
A team of researchers at PNNL has made an unexpected discovery in rechargeable batteries, leading to a more efficient and environmentally friendly alternative for storing renewable energy. The new battery, which uses zinc-manganese oxide materials, can store energy with higher density and lower cost than conventional car batteries.
Scientists at Université de Genève successfully manipulate the magnetic properties of LaNiO3 and LaMnO3 oxides to create tailored materials. By controlling the interactions between these materials, they can now develop artificial structures with specific magnetic properties.
Researchers at MIT and Harvard University have successfully fabricated nanoscrolls made from graphene oxide flakes. The scrolls exhibit mechanical properties similar to graphene and can be tailored to trap specific molecules and pollutants.
Researchers have successfully grown ultra-thin ferroelectric films based on hafnium oxide, which could potentially be used to develop non-volatile memory elements. The films' ferroelectric properties are compatible with silicon technology, paving the way for the creation of new non-volatile memory devices.
Researchers describe the complex structure and proposed explanation for the unusual properties of Fe4O5, a recently discovered iron oxide that exhibits a four-dimensional crystal structure. The material shows similarities to magnetite but lacks ferroelectric properties, sparking interest in its potential practical applications.
A team of MIT researchers has discovered a method to greatly reduce the damaging effects of hydrogen on metal alloys, which are widely used in nuclear reactors and other energy systems. By carefully engineering a layer of zirconium oxide on the surface of the alloy, they can inhibit hydrogen from entering the metal's crystal structure.
Researchers at the University of Delaware have developed a method to break down glyphosate, a common commercial herbicide, using manganese oxide minerals. The study found that the mineral can degrade glyphosate and AMPA, a major byproduct, within hours, providing a potential solution to environmental concerns about these compounds.
A French research team, led by Dr. Frédéric Leroy, has created a method for real-time monitoring of surface changes at the atomic level. The approach enables them to study the kinetics of silicon dioxide decomposition onto silicon during thermal treatment, revealing a non-homogeneous process involving hole nucleation and opening.
Researchers used infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry to study the interaction between probe molecules and oxide surfaces. They found that surface layers behave like glass-forming liquids, with density and dynamic behavior influencing interactions.
Researchers create lattice-shaped cubes and truss structures using frozen water, ensuring retention of shape at room temperature. This breakthrough could make graphene commercially viable for electronics, medical devices, and more.
Pregnant women with asthma may be at greater risk of preterm birth due to exposure to high levels of traffic-related air pollutants like nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. Early exposure, particularly in the months leading up to conception and during early pregnancy, was found to increase preterm birth risk by nearly 30%.
Scientists at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology have developed a carbon-based active material produced from apple leftovers with excellent electrochemical properties. The material is part of an effort to create environmentally friendly and sustainable energy storage systems.
UTA researchers have developed a new hybrid material that demonstrates improved efficiency, safety, and cost-effectiveness in solar fuel generation. The material uses ultra-long carbon nanotube networks with copper oxide nanoparticles, generating five-fold higher electrical conductivity and three-fold increase in photocurrents.
Researchers used high-pressure experiments to create two new iron oxides, which decompose at extreme conditions and release significant amounts of oxygen-rich fluid. The discovery suggests a huge oxygen source in the Earth's lower mantle that can affect geochemical processes.
Researchers at UW-Madison have developed a technique for creating nearly two-dimensional sheets of compounds that do not naturally form such thin materials. The new method uses a surfactant to grow crystalline faces and has great potential for different materials and applications.
A new mix of materials eliminates doping, a complex process that degrades performance, to create highly efficient silicon solar cells. The new design enables the creation of high-efficiency solar cells in just seven steps.
Rice researchers found that graphene oxide layers change their mechanical properties depending on the strain rate, making it brittle when pulled fast but more pliable under slow stress. This discovery can help build three-dimensional structures from two-dimensional materials for various applications.
Researchers at Oregon State University have made promising findings about the use of bioactive glass in composite tooth fillings, showing a significant reduction in bacterial penetration. The study suggests that bioactive glass could help slow down secondary tooth decay and provide minerals to replace those lost due to tooth decay.
Researchers at FAU and University of Barcelona discovered that platinum nanoparticles lose approximately every tenth electron when in contact with oxide support. This effect can be controlled using theoretical methods, allowing for more efficient catalytic processes and new electronic components.
A team at Tohoku University developed sNOOOpy, a genetically encoded FRET-based indicator that senses nitrate and nitrite levels. The sensor can monitor intracellular levels in real-time and has potential applications in various organisms and research fields.
Penn researchers develop ultra-thin aluminum oxide plates with nanoscale thickness, exhibiting remarkable mechanical strength and stiffness. These corrugated plates, like an egg carton on the nanoscale, can bend, twist, and recover their shape without additional support.
Scientists have created a new variety of iron oxide with a hexagonal structure that remains stable even when multiple layers are added. The material exhibits unusual magnetic properties, visible at room temperature, in contrast to traditional iron oxides.
Researchers at Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences have developed a way to make steel stronger, safer and more durable by creating a surface coating made from rough nanoporous tungsten oxide. The new material is capable of repelling any kind of liquid even after sustaining intense structural abuse.
Researchers at Penn State have discovered a way to give transistors a power boost by incorporating vanadium oxide into electronic devices. The material's metal-to-insulator transition property can enhance state-of-the-art non-volatile memories and improve the stability and energy efficiency of read, write, and maintain information states.
Researchers at Binghamton University have developed a method to pattern electrically conductive features into individual graphene oxide sheets with unprecedented spatial control. This enables the potential integration of graphene oxide into future technologies such as flexible electronics, solar cells, and biomedical instruments.
A new dielectric film has been developed with a refractive index as low as 1.025, allowing for improved optical properties in photonic devices. The film's mechanical stability is also enhanced, making it suitable for incorporation into electronic devices.
Scientists have discovered unmistakable signs of oxygen in ancient iron-bearing rocks from the ocean floor, dating back 3.23 billion years. The findings suggest that cyanobacteria, primitive photosynthetic organisms, were responsible for liberating oxygen, marking a significant milestone in Earth's history.
Researchers at Uppsala University have developed an anti-aging treatment for smart windows by rejuvenating electrochromic layers, reducing their lifespan. The new method could also be applied to electric batteries, making them more profitable.
North Carolina State University researchers created an entropy-stabilized material made up of five different oxides in roughly equal amounts. The constituent atoms were evenly distributed and their placement in the crystalline lattice structure was random, proving that entropy can stabilize complex oxide alloys.
Researchers have developed a new mixed oxide catalyst that overcomes inhibition issues, allowing for more efficient engines to meet stricter emission regulations. The unique formulation of copper oxide, cobalt oxide, and cerium oxide enables better oxidation activity at low temperatures without precious metals.
Researchers at the University of Basel have synthesized boron-doped graphene nanoribbons with controlled band gaps, enabling the development of highly sensitive gas sensors for nitrogen oxides. The material's chemical properties were characterized using atomic force microscopy, revealing high selectivity towards adsorption.
A special issue of Future Science OA examines nitric oxide's role in human biology, its challenges in quantification, delivery, and generation, as well as its applications in cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The publication aims to stimulate discussion and further research on harnessing NO's therapeutic potential.
Researchers at Northwestern University discovered that graphene oxide exhibits remarkable plastic deformation before breaking, unlike its more perfect counterpart graphene. This unique property may unlock the secret to scaling up graphene oxide.
Researchers at Northwestern University have successfully created a multiferroic material by sandwiching a polar metallic oxide between an insulating material. This breakthrough design strategy realizes elusive multiferroic properties, offering potential applications in low-power electronics, logic processing, and memory storage.
Scientists at Rice University have developed a solid-state memory technology that allows for high-density storage with minimal computer errors. The memories use tantalum oxide and can store up to 162 gigabits, much higher than other oxide-based memory systems.
A University of Minnesota-led study reveals that nitrous oxide emissions from the US Corn Belt have been significantly underestimated, with estimates off by as much as 40%. The researchers found a strong relationship between stream size and emission strength, which can be used to scale up emission estimates. This discovery has importan...
University of Pittsburgh professor Jeremy Levy has been awarded a $3 million grant to pursue research in reconfigurable nanoelectronics at oxide interfaces. The grant aims to merge two fields: semiconductor nanoelectronics and complex oxides, which hold promise for future applications including data storage and medical imaging.
Researchers have developed a new catalyst for selective oxidation of methanol to dimethoxymethane, achieving high conversions and selectivities under mild conditions. The optimized catalyst, V2O5/TiO2-Al2O3, exhibits superior performance compared to traditional methods.
Researchers found that nanoparticles release nitric oxide to kill Proprionobacterium acnes bacteria and inhibit inflammation. This approach may lead to better treatment options for acne and other inflammatory skin conditions.
Scientists have developed a photocatalytic material that captures solar energy to catalyze chemical reactions. The innovative 3D material achieves high yields with minimal recombination, opening up new possibilities for the pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
Researchers found that nanowires return to about 80% of their original shape quickly but recover the rest slowly over 20-30 minutes due to impurities in their crystal lattice.
A study by Massachusetts General Hospital researchers reveals a distinctive EEG pattern associated with high-dose nitrous oxide anesthesia. This finding may help explain the drug's mechanisms and provide insights into the development of new anesthetics.
Researchers developed a lightweight system to produce therapeutic nitric oxide from the air using an electric spark, overcoming size and cost limitations of existing equipment. The device shows promise for treating conditions like pulmonary hypertension, chronic lung diseases, and certain types of heart failure.
Researchers found large-amplitude slow-delta waves in patients receiving nitrous oxide, twice as powerful as those seen in deep sleep. The discovery could lead to better anesthetic dosing decisions and alleviate concerns about awareness under anesthesia.
Researchers discovered a 'devil's staircase' effect in a cobalt oxide spin-valve system, allowing for infinite superstructures with tunable magnetic configurations. This finding may lead to new options in spintronics, enabling more efficient data storage and processing.
Scientists have developed a method to manipulate complex oxide materials using only helium ions, enabling single-axis control over their behavior. This technique allows researchers to tune material properties with precision, advancing the understanding and use of these unique materials.
Researchers have developed a new method to create oxide Josephson junctions, which could lead to high-temperature superconducting electronics. The direct-write approach allows for mass production of high-quality junctions, reducing costs and enabling applications such as biomedical magnetic imaging.
Research teams from GEOMAR and CAU discover the Southeast Pacific has been significantly underestimated as a source of nitrous oxide. Continuous measurement data show the region emits up to 1.4 megatons of nitrous oxide each year, exceeding similar areas in other tropical oceans.
Korean scientists have successfully created a new class of radical compounds by reacting nitric oxide with N-heterocyclic carbenes. The resulting nitric oxide compounds show potential for targeted NO delivery, which could lead to new therapeutic applications in various human diseases.
Researchers at NC State University have developed a new method to create transparent, stretchable conductors. The 'nano-accordion' design stretches brittle materials by geometry, inspired by everyday springs. This innovation has potential applications in flexible electronics, displays, and wearable sensors.
The European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care concludes that there is no clinically relevant evidence to withdraw nitrous oxide from clinical practice or procedural sedation. The debate focuses on the decline of its use over the last 15 years due to new, well-tolerated anaesthetic drugs and modern machines.
A new study found emissions of ozone-forming compounds at an Illinois ethanol refinery are 30 times higher than government estimates. Emissions from other refineries in the US may also be underestimated, potentially making them a larger source of VOCs than currently thought.
Scientists at Boston College have discovered negative electronic compressibility (NEC) in a three-dimensional material, iridium oxide. Adding electrons to the system effectively shrinks its size, a phenomenon previously only observed in two-dimensional materials.