Articles tagged with Oxides
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at the University of South Carolina have developed a graphene oxide membrane less than 2 nanometers thick with high permeation selectivity between hydrogen and carbon dioxide gas molecules. The team's method allows for uniform coverage without inter-flake leaks, enabling thinner membranes that can efficiently separate gases.
Researchers found that C6' treatment reversed abnormal nitric oxide signaling in mice with and without sickle cell disease, resulting in normalized erectile functioning. The compound's potential extends beyond treating priapism to vascular and circulatory disorders.
Researchers have developed a wastewater treatment device that uses spinning CDs coated with zinc oxide nanorods to break down organic pollutants in sewage. The device can treat contaminated water at an impressive rate of 150 mL per minute, making it a promising solution for small-scale water purification.
Researchers are working on a new treatment approach to block kidney and lung damage, as well as pain associated with sickle cell disease. The study aims to explore the therapeutic possibilities of endothelin antagonists, which selectively block the endothelin A receptor, and bosentan, which blocks both A and B receptors.
Researchers in Singapore create conductive nano-filaments in amorphous titanium dioxide thin films for resistive switching applications. The high density of uniformly distributed nano-filaments implies the possibility of making high-density memory cells, offering great advantages over current technology.
Researchers have developed a method to exploit biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) in Brachiaria grasses, which can significantly reduce nitrous oxide emissions and nitrogen leaching. This approach offers potential for increasing crop yields while keeping global climate change within manageable limits.
Researchers at DOE's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory discovered a new zeolite catalyst that breaks down nitric oxide into water and atmospheric nitrogen, reducing pollution. The catalyst uses copper as its added metal and takes an unusual side-on approach to binding with nitric oxide.
Researchers at Drexel University are creating a mathematical model that explains how blood vessels regulate the flow of blood. The team aims to gain a better understanding of nitric oxide production and its role in cardiovascular function, which could lead to new insights into vascular disease prevention.
An international team of researchers has confirmed theoretically-predicted interactions between single oxygen molecules and titanium dioxide, revealing a new atomic crystal dynamic. This discovery could lead to the development of more active oxygen-rich photocatalysts for converting CO2 into useful hydrocarbons.
Researchers at Umeå University created graphene nanoscrolls with high efficiency by decorating iron oxide nanoparticles. The material shows promising properties as electrodes in Li-ion batteries due to its magnetic interaction and nitrogen defects.
Researchers found that complex oxide films remain stable with reduced oxygen levels at the surface, contrary to expected changes. This discovery has implications for designing functional oxides in consumer products like batteries and electronic devices.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology develop a sensor device that converts mechanical pressure into light signals, allowing for high-resolution optical detection. The device has the potential to provide an artificial sense of touch and improve human-machine interfaces.
Researchers have successfully documented the atomic-level mechanism of oxide material switching, which occurs in two stages and proceeds in under a picosecond. This confirms that oxides can represent an exciting alternative to semi-conductors for faster, more energy-efficient electronics.
A new study by Rush University Medical Center researchers found that a sudden decrease in testosterone levels may cause Parkinson's-like symptoms in male mice. Testosterone supplementation reversed the pathology in the mice. The study suggests that preserving testosterone levels may be important to prevent Parkinson's disease.
Researchers created a new technique for creating biomolecular gradients using semiconductor materials, allowing scientists to monitor molecular behavior and interactions. The technique creates surface characteristics that enable monitoring of other aspects of molecular interaction.
Scientists at Emory Health Sciences have developed a method to steer mesenchymal stem cells using magnets, which could potentially be used to treat cardiovascular diseases. The nanoparticles used in this study are FDA-approved for MRI purposes and protect the cell from damage.
Rice University scientists have developed a 1-kilobit rewritable silicon oxide device with diodes that eliminate data-corrupting crosstalk. The technique creates a channel of pure metallic phase silicon, allowing for high on/off ratio and multibit switching.
Researchers suggest that chondrules may have formed from high-pressure collisions between planetesimals, which would explain their composition and origin. This theory resolves a long-standing puzzle in cosmochemistry and provides a potential solution to the mystery of how these glassy spherules were embedded within meteorites.
Biologists discovered that green algae require haemoglobin and nitric oxide to signal the absence of oxygen, allowing them to activate genes and produce hydrogen. In an oxygen-rich environment, this gene is idle, and its inactivation has fatal consequences for the algae.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine found no link between nitrous oxide anesthesia and increased risk of heart attack. Despite concerns about the impact on homocysteine levels, the study showed that B vitamins did not influence heart attack risk in surgery patients.
Researchers at Indiana University found that titanium dioxide coatings, used in air-pollution-removal technology, convert abundant ammonia to nitrogen oxide, increasing harmful ozone pollution. The study's findings call into question the effectiveness of this technology in reducing pollution.
Scientists have created a general strategy for making a wide range of nanoparticles in different size ranges, compositions and architectures. The new technique uses star-shaped block co-polymer structures as 'nanoreactors' to control the size and uniformity of colloidal nanocrystals.
Duke University engineers have created a novel method for producing clean hydrogen, reducing carbon monoxide levels to nearly zero. This approach uses a new catalytic process with nanoparticle combinations of gold and iron oxide, making it a more practical option.
Scientists have developed an artificial forest of semiconductor light absorbers, interfacial layers, and co-catalysts to mimic natural photosynthesis. The system achieved a 0.12-percent solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency, but further improvements are needed for commercial use.
Researchers at Stanford University have created a new type of nanoscale particle that can decontaminate tainted water and be easily recovered with a magnet. The 'synthetic antiferromagnetic cores' are ultraresponsive to magnetism, allowing for efficient collection of nearly all particles.
Researchers have discovered a previously unknown link between over-stimulation and brain tissue destruction, pointing to a potential drug target. The study identified NOS1AP as the key protein that links nitric oxide production to cell damage.
A new process developed by MIT researchers uses molten oxide electrolysis to produce steel without emitting greenhouse gases, resulting in higher purity metal and potential cost savings. The method could be adapted for production of other metals and alloys with similar advantages.
Researchers have developed piezoelectric 'taxel' arrays that can convert mechanical motion into electronic controlling signals, enabling robots to perceive touch more accurately. The arrays use zinc oxide nanowires and can detect pressure changes as low as 10 kilopascals, comparable to human skin sensitivity.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a new material approach that enhances visible light absorption in titanium dioxide, leading to increased solar cell efficiency. This breakthrough has significant implications for clean energy production, waste water purification, and other applications.
Two large patient databases show comparable rates of adverse outcomes with or without nitrous oxide; a significant reduction in the risk of death after surgery for patients receiving nitrous oxide. The findings remain unchanged on propensity score analysis, highlighting some limitations in the study data.
Scientists have created a composite material that can bend and twist in response to external stimuli like temperature or moisture. This programmable plasticity enables the material to take on various shapes, making it suitable for applications such as self-shaping ceramic parts and biodegradable implants.
Researchers study Carboniferous collision in central Asia, crystal xenoliths in Bolivia, and the Tsakhir Event in southern Mongolia. The GSA Bulletin also examines iron oxide deposits in Brazil, paleotopography of Norway, and the Cheyenne belt suture zone.
Researchers have made breakthrough in converting CO2 into new fuels using sunlight and abundant resources. The process could lead to 'carbon-neutral' energy production by reusing CO2, reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have discovered a way to reverse copper nanoparticle oxidation using light, potentially leading to an eco-friendly production process for propylene oxide. The discovery has significant implications for the chemical industry, which currently produces large quantities of unwanted chemicals.
A study of hospital patients found that transfusing donated blood more than three weeks old impairs blood vessel function, a mechanism linked to nitric oxide deficiency. The results suggest that older blood may be detrimental to patient health, particularly in cardiovascular surgery or critical care scenarios.
Scientists at the University of Texas at Arlington have developed a method for converting carbon dioxide into liquid methanol fuel using copper oxide nanowires and sunlight. The new process is more efficient and environmentally friendly than current methods, which require toxic elements or high operating pressures.
Researchers at UCLA have developed a new technique to fabricate micro-scale graphene-based supercapacitors, which can charge and discharge faster than standard batteries. The method uses a DVD burner to create the devices, making them more affordable and scalable.
A new study reveals that bacteria capable of manufacturing nitric oxide increase the lifespan of roundworms by nearly 15 percent. The beneficial effect is attributed to the activation of specific genes that enhance stress resistance and immune response, suggesting a potential role for microbiome health in human longevity.
Researchers at Vienna University of Technology discovered a new class of materials that can be used to create highly efficient ultra-thin solar cells. The oxide heterostructures separate electrons and holes using an electric field, increasing efficiency.
Researchers used a unique X-ray instrument to analyze decades-old paint samples and determine that Picasso used common house paint, known as Ripolin. This discovery offers insights into the development of new materials and sustainable energies.
Researchers discovered nitric oxide inhibits ERK1/2 signaling pathway, shutting down brain's ability to self-repair after stroke. The study found that excessive nitric oxide production contributes to the severity of stroke and other neurological disorders.
The University of Georgia scientists have fabricated the world's first LED that emits a warm white light using a single phosphor with a single emitting center. The new material achieves a warm color temperature while maintaining accurate color rendition, ideal for indoor lighting.
Scientists at the Universities of York and Leeds have made a significant discovery about the cause of ozone destruction over oceans. The research team found that the principal source of iodine oxide can be explained by emissions of hypoiodous acid and molecular iodine.
Researchers at Rice University and Moscow State University found that graphene oxide can bind to natural and human-made radionuclides, removing them from liquids. This discovery could be used to clean up contaminated sites like Fukushima nuclear plants, reduce costs of fracking, and revive rare earth metal mining.
Boston College researchers create a yolk-shell nanocrystal structure with a porous 'skin' that can filter molecules based on size or chemical makeup, allowing greater selectivity in chemical reactions. The new catalyst exhibits unprecedented control and precision, paving the way for expanded applications of heterogeneous catalysis.
Scientists have created a novel concept for self-reporting materials that utilize zinc oxide tetrapod crystals to detect internal damages in composite materials. The resulting composite material exhibits improved strength and emits light when exposed to UV light, providing a visual warning of potential failure.
A new study published in Circulation reveals that the arginase enzyme may play a key role in the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with type II diabetes. Inhibiting this enzyme improves blood vessel function in diabetics with angina, but has no effect on healthy individuals or those without angina.
A team of scientists has discovered an ancient thriving colony of microbes in the brine of Lake Vida, Antarctica, which is estimated to have been isolated for over 2,800 years. The microbes live in a highly saline environment with high concentrations of ammonia and nitrous oxide.
A team of scientists discovered a new high-pressure solid phase of magnesium oxide, which challenges traditional definitions of mantle and core material. This finding suggests that young or hot planets can generate and sustain magnetic fields.
A new study reveals that microbes beyond denitrifiers contribute to consuming nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas 300 times more potent than CO2. This discovery reconciles inconsistencies in nitrous oxide emission predictions and advances understanding of ecological controls on global emissions.
The ORNL research team achieved virtual perfection at the oxide interface of two insulator materials by tweaking the formula for growing oxide thin films. This discovery has significant ramifications for creating novel materials with applications in solar cells, batteries, fuel cells, transistors and capacitors.
A Northwestern University team has developed a technique for creating nanofluidic devices using paper and scissors, generating numerous ion channels when layered. The method uses inexpensive materials and allows for easy shaping and scaling of the device.
Researchers at Rice University have designed transparent, two-terminal, three-dimensional computer memories using silicon oxide and graphene. The devices show promise for electronics and sophisticated heads-up displays, with a working yield of about 80 percent.
Researchers found that nickel creates a barrier in electrode materials, reducing charging and discharging rates. The team suggests ways to improve the materials by preventing nickel from forming these barriers.
Scientists have discovered a complex positive feedback loop in penile nerves that triggers waves of nitric oxide to keep the penis erect. This process, which involves phosphorylation, enables the sustained release of nitric oxide and maintains erection.
Researchers at Oregon State University have confirmed the potential of zinc tin oxide for use in resistive random access memory (RRAM), a 'memristor' technology that could replace traditional flash memory. This new approach offers significant advantages, including smaller size, faster performance, and lower cost.
Electron mobility in iron oxide is crucial for understanding chemical reaction mechanisms, including uranium groundwater reactions and low-cost solar energy devices. The study reveals the rates of electron transport vary depending on iron oxide structure, with rates ranging from a single hop to five hops per nanosecond.
A recent study by CSIRO and Australian Maritime College reveals that ship engine exhaust emissions account for over a quarter of nitrogen oxide emissions in the Australian region. These non-greenhouse gases can affect air quality near coastal regions and have consequences for human health and amenity.
Soybeans grown in soil contaminated with zinc oxide or cerium oxide nanoparticles show reduced crop yield and quality. The nanoparticles can accumulate in the plants, affecting food quality and potentially requiring increased use of synthetic fertilizers.
Researchers have developed a material that catalyzes the burning of methane 30 times better than currently available catalysts. The discovery could lead to a cleaner and cheaper way of generating energy from natural gas, potentially reducing emissions of powerful greenhouse gas.