Articles tagged with Oxides
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at the University of Manchester have discovered that graphene oxide can selectively target and neutralize cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are responsible for cancer spread and recurrence. The study suggests that graphene oxide could be used as a non-toxic anti-cancer agent in combination with existing treatments.
A team of researchers from the University of Luxembourg and TDK has improved a conductive oxide film to increase transparency in the infrared region, enabling solar cells to harness more sunlight. The breakthrough allows for stable films that retain conductivity after exposure to air for over a year.
University of Groningen scientists have successfully grown graphene on copper oxide, preserving its electronic properties. This achievement could pave the way for large-scale production of graphene devices using lithographic techniques.
A new compound named 8-Gly carb has been discovered by UC Davis researchers to potentiate the inhibition of nitrous oxide production, implicated in chronic pain syndromes. The findings offer an important avenue for developing drugs to prevent neuropathic pain without interfering with recovery.
A team of researchers has created a method to change graphene's electron density without physical alteration, enabling dynamic reconfiguring of circuit elements. This technique uses oxides to tune the amount of electrons in graphene, potentially revolutionizing semiconductor devices and optoelectronics.
Researchers at Northwestern University discovered that silver nanowires can partially recover from permanent deformation under cyclic loading, indicating potential for long-term durability in flexible electronics. This breakthrough has significant implications for the development of cost-effective alternatives to indium tin oxide.
Researchers have created an efficient manganese catalyst capable of converting sunlight into chemical energy. The breakthrough, published in the Journal of Materials Chemistry A, paves the way for a continuous and environmentally-friendly storage form of solar energy.
A Northwestern University-led team found that graphene oxide (GO) films are soluble in water due to unintentional introduction of common contaminant aluminum ions during filtration. The positively charged ions stabilize the membranes, making them stronger and more stable.
Researchers have successfully created metal-organic frameworks that can stably store and slowly release nitric oxide, a key player in biological signaling pathways. This breakthrough could lead to new approaches for treating infections and heart conditions, as well as potential applications in medical therapies.
The researchers found that sodium storage capacity of paper electrodes depends on the distance between individual layers, which can be tuned by heating it in argon or ammonia gas. They successfully demonstrated a flexible paper composed entirely of graphene oxide sheets that can charge and discharge with sodium-ions for more than 1,000...
Scientists used theoretical calculations to gain insights into the structure of β-NiOOH, a highly active compound in a nickel oxide catalyst. The research found that the material's mosaic texture and c-axis periodicity are stable tunnel structures that relieve stress between layers.
Research by Indiana University scientists reveals that soil mineral surfaces determine nitrous acid release into the atmosphere, playing a pivotal role in smog formation and greenhouse gas lifetime. This finding could contribute to improved models for understanding and controlling air pollution, a significant public health concern.
A study analyzing ancient polar ice cores reveals a significant increase in atmospheric nitrous oxide concentrations from 16,000 to 10,000 years ago. The rise was caused by changes in environmental conditions, contributing to the warming at the end of the ice age and melting of large ice sheets.
Researchers have created high-value, compact nanoscale resistors using thin-film chromium oxide, enabling faster development of quantum devices for computing and fundamental physics research. The new resistors can be tuned by controlling oxygen content, making them compatible with quantum phase-slip circuit requirements.
A pilot study found that two-thirds of patients with treatment-resistant clinical depression experienced an improvement in symptoms after receiving nitrous oxide, compared to one-third who improved with a placebo. The researchers are encouraged by the results and plan to replicate the study and test various concentrations of laughing gas.
Researchers discovered a rubber-like coating that improves durability of high-capacity silicon electrodes, leading to potential ten-fold increase in battery capacity. The coating softens the particles, allowing them to expand and contract with lithium without fracturing.
Scientists have found that self-doping in the copper-based material YBCO enables it to conduct electricity without loss at room temperature. This groundbreaking discovery challenges traditional understanding of high-temperature superconductivity and could pave the way for more efficient electrical applications.
A study at Massachusetts General Hospital identified nitric oxide's impact on SIRT1 protein, which regulates inflammation in various aging-related disorders. Blocking nitric oxide effects may disrupt this inflammatory process and prevent conditions like diabetes, atherosclerosis, and Parkinson's disease.
A recent study suggests that moderate amounts of sunshine may help prevent obesity and diabetes by reducing glucose levels and insulin resistance. The researchers found that a compound called nitric oxide released by the skin after exposure to sunlight had beneficial effects on weight gain.
A new theoretical physics model reveals improved calculations of nitrous oxide photoabsorption, shedding light on its role in stratospheric ozone destruction. This breakthrough improves the accuracy of absorption cross sections and predicts major dissociation pathways.
Nanocomposite oxide ceramics show promise as ferroelectrics, fast ion conductors, and nuclear fuels with improved transport and radiation resistance. Misfit dislocations at material interfaces dictate functional properties.
Harvard researchers have engineered a material to perform comparably with the best silicon switches, achieving an on/off ratio of greater than 10^5. The discovery uses solid-state chemical doping and exploits chemistry rather than temperature to achieve dramatic results.
Scientists from North Carolina State University have developed a method for controlling the surface tension of liquid metals by applying very low voltages. This allows researchers to manipulate the shape of antennas, complete or break circuits, and explore various applications in microfluidic channels, MEMS, photonic and optical devices.
Researchers have developed a graphene-based paint with exceptional barrier properties, making it suitable for various industrial applications. The coating can provide complete impermeability to gases, liquids, and strong chemicals, rendering it ideal for protecting equipment in harsh environments.
The NOMI trial found that nitric oxide inhalation improved cardiac recovery, particularly in patients who had not previously received nitroglycerin. However, it did not reduce infarct size. The study suggests that further investigation is warranted for STEMI patients.
Researchers developed a new approach combining in situ X-ray scattering with computational theory to design and synthesize new materials. They found that layer exchange is not unique to strontium and titanium, but expected for many different materials systems.
A study by Lin Li et al. found that preconditioning crush reduces ventral motor neuron loss after nerve root avulsion. The authors propose a mechanism involving HSP27 induction, which attenuates cytotoxic effects of nitric oxide.
A new study shows that the Greater Toronto Area has reduced some smog precursors by at least 20% since 2004, but still exceeds Canada's ozone standards due to high sunshine and calm winds. The research found that lower ozone levels between 2008 and 2011 were offset by a record-high summer ozone concentration in 2012.
A University of Kansas professor is leading a grant project investigating the effects of nitric oxide synthase on muscle growth. The study aims to understand how this compound can be used to promote muscle growth in various populations, including athletes and the elderly.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a breakthrough silicon oxide memory technology that can be fabricated at room temperature with conventional methods. The new porous silicon oxide version improves the forming voltage and eliminates edge fabrication needs.
Researchers at Umea University and Humboldt University found that graphite oxide layers increase in distance when exposed to water due to varying thickness. The discovery helps design new membrane types with adjustable permeation properties.
Researchers discovered how a protein molecule in immune cells promotes nitric oxide production, a potent weapon against bacterial attack. The discovery highlights the importance of finding a balance between fighting infection and preventing tissue damage.
Researchers have developed a technique to produce soft machines made of elastic materials and liquid metals using a custom-built 3D printer. The technique enables the creation of strain gauges that can detect high strains and deform with almost any material, making it suitable for wearable technology and sensory skin.
Researchers have created composite particles that can be injected into patients and guided by magnetic fields, allowing for improved detection of diseases. The nanoconstructs, made up of thousands of iron oxide particles, can be heated to kill malignant tissues or trigger the release of drugs at specific sites.
Researchers created a titanium dioxide roof tile coating that breaks down 21 tons of nitrogen oxides daily, equivalent to an 11,000-mile car drive. The coating costs only $5 per roof, making it a cost-effective solution for reducing smog in the region.
A new study published in the Geological Society of America Bulletin documents the discovery of forty-six ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaurs in southern Chile. The skeletons are associated with ammonites, belemnites, and other fossils, providing insights into the marine ecosystem of Early Cretaceous times.
Researchers created a device that synchronizes two oscillating systems, enabling non-Boolean computing and potentially leading to more efficient information processing. This technology could lead to neuromorphic computer chips using only about one percent of the energy required by digital computers.
Researchers found that preconditioning crush can increase the survival rate of motor neurons after spinal root avulsion. The study, published in Neural Regeneration Research, discovered that induction of heat shock protein 27 inhibits neuronal nitric oxide synthase, attenuating cytotoxic effects and preventing ventral motor neuron loss.
Researchers found graphene oxide nanoparticles more stable in groundwater and unstable in surface waters. The material's mobility in water has significant implications for its potential environmental impact. The study highlights the need for further research on the stability and transport of these engineered nanomaterials.
Researchers at EMPA have developed a water-based method for applying transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films, reducing energy consumption and costs. The new process uses molecular self-organisation to grow the TCO film without high-temperature thermal treatment.
Researchers at Vienna University of Technology have discovered that tiny step edges on titanium oxide surfaces enable the accumulation of electrons, allowing oxygen atoms to attach more strongly. This finding offers opportunities for creating more efficient solar cells and catalysts.
Researchers at Århus University used X-ray light to track the growth of tungsten oxide nanoparticles, which can be tailored for smart windows and solar cells. The study shows that nanoparticles form from octahedra units in solution and develop a predominantly ordered crystal structure as they grow.
Researchers found that low oxygen and nitric oxide levels increase red blood cell adhesion to blood vessel walls, leading to debilitating pain crises in sickle cell patients. Restoring normal nitric oxide levels can substantially reduce this adhesion, making it a potentially new therapeutic target.
Researchers identified a microbe that can take up electrons from minerals in soil and sediment using natural conductivity. The microbes rely on sunlight and iron to generate energy, but have developed an unusual strategy to reach the iron through naturally occurring conductive minerals.
Scientists found that rough zinc oxide coatings can prevent adhesion between small silicon parts, a concern in microelectromechanical systems. The study could accelerate the development of high-performance electronics and sensors.
New research reveals that the ocean's surface acts as a sink for nitrogen oxides at night, removing about 15% of these chemicals from polluted air. The study measured dinitrogen pentoxide and nitryl chloride in the air above the sea surface, finding no net exit of nitryl chloride into the air.
Researchers have identified two intermediate steps in water oxidation reactions using an Earth-abundant solid catalyst, cobalt oxide. This discovery provides a better understanding of the individual events in the four-electron cycle and enables the design of improvements to boost efficiency.
Research finds polar bears have unique genetic variations that influence nitric oxide production, a key factor in energy metabolism and thermogenesis. This adaptation enables them to survive the harsh Arctic environment without hibernation.
Rice University laser scientists have developed a highly sensitive portable sensor to test the air for nitrous oxide and methane. The device uses a thumbnail-sized quantum cascade laser and tuning forks, and can detect trace amounts of these greenhouse gases in as little as a second.
A new study found that US power plant emissions decreased by 20-40% since the switch to natural gas with combined cycle technology, releasing significantly less carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide. This shift in energy production led to a reduction of 23% less CO2 in the atmosphere last year.
The ClC-3 chloride channel is involved in the regulation of neuronal survival and apoptosis. Nitric oxide overproduction induces ClC-3 expression, promoting apoptosis. DIDS reverses this effect, suggesting a correlation between ClC-3 activity and ischemia-sensitive apoptosis.
Researchers have created magnetic replicas of sunflower pollen grains using a wet chemical process that applies highly conformal iron oxide coatings. The replicas exhibit both short-range van der Waals attraction and long-range magnetic adhesion, offering tailored multimodal adhesion to surfaces.
New UEA research suggests that adding copper to crop fertilization processes can help reduce nitrous oxide emissions, a potent greenhouse gas. Copper has been found to regulate the gene responsible for destroying nitrous oxide in soil bacteria.
A new form of high-performance solar photocatalyst has been developed by combining TiO2 with metallic oxides, enhancing visible light absorption and efficient utilization of the solar spectrum. The material demonstrates 27 times larger photocatalytic activities than a single-layer TiO2 film.
A Korean research team from Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) developed a high-performance metal-free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction using covalently functionalized graphene nanosheets. The new catalyst shows superior stability compared to commercial Pt/C catalysts.
Researchers have discovered a new breed of materials with properties unlike those of their parent compounds, including conductive interfaces and topological insulators. These interfacial materials offer potential applications in tiny devices that consume less power.
Researchers at Harvard SEAS have developed a thin coating that intrinsically conceals its own temperature to thermal cameras, demonstrating the potential for new military and everyday applications. By introducing impurities or defects in vanadium oxide, the team can create a wide range of interesting behaviors.
Rice chemist Vicki Colvin led a team that created small, uniform spheres of cerium oxide with biocompatible coatings, enhancing its natural antioxidant properties. The nanoparticles can absorb and release oxygen ions to protect against radiation-induced side effects and may slow aging.
A recent study has re-evaluated the effect of nitric oxide on lateral root formation, finding that this molecule can both promote and inhibit root branching. The study utilizes a new parameter for measuring lateral root density and demonstrates the importance of considering the timing of root initiation.
Researchers developed a new photodiode that can detect the entire range of UVC light while remaining insensitive to visible light from the sun. This device is solar blind and has minimal dark current, making it useful for tracking ozone depletion and communication in space.