Articles tagged with Magma
A large-scale measurement campaign with over 500 seismic stations has produced the first high-resolution image of the structures beneath the Eifel volcanoes. The data reveals a magma reservoir deeper and differently oriented than previously assumed, with surprising findings on recent microearthquakes and fluid accumulations in the crust.
A team of researchers has identified a new mechanism behind the 2025 Santorini earthquakes, finding that magma intrusion waves triggered the seismic unrest. The study used advanced machine learning techniques to analyze ground vibrations recorded by seismometers and inferred the movement of pressurized magma with unprecedented detail.
Experimental tests demonstrate that interactions between magma oceans and primitive atmospheres during early years can produce significant amounts of water. This process has major implications for the physical and chemical properties of planets' interiors, with potential effects on core development and atmospheric composition.
Scientists have detected tremor signals at the Oldoinyo Lengai volcano in Tanzania, revealing details about magma movement and volcanic activity. The findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of magma movement and offer a step forward for volcano seismology.
An earthquake swarm in Santorini was triggered by magma displacement, generating over 28,000 recorded earthquakes. The study reveals the chain of events that led to this seismic activity, including a hydraulic connection between two volcanoes.
A team from UNIGE and INGV created a high-resolution 3D image of Vulcano's internal structure using seismic ambient noise tomography and AI. This breakthrough understanding of volcanic structures may lead to more accurate predictions and evacuation plans.
A 2.35-billion-year-old meteorite offers fresh insights into the Moon's volcanic history and suggests ongoing internal heat generation processes. The rock's distinct composition provides new constraints on when and how volcanic activity occurred on the Moon.
Researchers found that thick ice cover suppressed volcanic eruptions, but as glacial ice melts, pressure builds and magma is released, leading to more frequent and explosive eruptions. This phenomenon could occur worldwide, including Antarctica, and may have global climate impacts, including long-term warming.
Researchers developed a new equation to predict seismic wave propagation in magma containing crystals and bubbles, revealing how crystal content influences wave velocity and waveform properties. The analysis also showed that bubble content affects attenuation effects, with discernible differences emerging between models.
Researchers from China, UK, and USA collaborated to study Uturuncu volcano's 'zombie' behavior, finding that movement of liquid and gas beneath the crater is the cause of unrest. The risk of an imminent eruption is considered low, alleviating fears for local populations.
Researchers found that melting ice sheets in North America and Greenland may have increased horizontal motion of plates by 25% and up to 40% at the Mid-Atlantic Ocean Ridge. This could lead to an increase in volcanic eruptions in Iceland.
A team of geoscientists from Rice University and partners have discovered a sharp, volatile-rich cap just 3.8 kilometers beneath Yellowstone's surface. This cap helps trap pressure and heat below it, suggesting the Yellowstone magma reservoir is actively releasing gas while remaining in a stable state.
Researchers found that Earth's first crust, formed 4.5 billion years ago, likely had chemical features similar to modern continental crust, rewriting the geological timeline. This suggests the distinctive chemical signature of continents was established at the beginning of Earth's history.
Research team finds that heavy Mg isotopic signatures in volcanic rocks can be explained by partial melting of serpentinite-dominated mélanges. The study proposes a novel model involving diapiric rise and melting of these mélanges, which aligns with geochemical characteristics of arc magmas.
Researchers have discovered persistent and large magma bodies beneath dormant volcanoes in the Cascade Range, surprising scientists. The team used seismic waves to identify these magma chambers, which exist beneath volcanoes over their entire lifetime, not just during active eruptions.
Researchers at Harvard University used photochemical modeling to simulate how ancient Mars' climate was affected by atmospheric chemistry and crustal hydration. They found that episodic warm spells were driven by crustal hydration, leading to the buildup of hydrogen in the atmosphere.
Researchers have discovered that Kīlauea and Maunaloa, Hawai‘i's two most active volcanoes, share a common source of magma within the Hawaiian plume. This magmatic connection results in broad correlations between changes in their lava chemistry.
Researchers found a correlation between silica content and volcano tremor strength, suggesting that more viscous magma causes increased tremor amplitude. The study highlights the potential of combining petrological data collection with geophysical data to improve eruption forecasting.
A new study reveals that Mars' southern highlands formed granitic magmas and sustained vast underground aquifers billions of years ago, potentially creating habitable conditions for life. The research used advanced thermal modeling to simulate the thermal state of Mars' crust during its ancient history.
Researchers propose that Mars' early thick atmosphere could have been locked up in the planet's clay surface due to slow chain reactions between rocks and gases. The clay is estimated to hold up to 80% of the initial, early atmosphere, potentially recovered and converted into propellant for future missions.
Researchers investigate the effect of oxygen content on mantle rock melting and early Earth magma ocean formation. The study reveals that oxygen fugacity significantly influences melting temperatures, suggesting current models need revision.
Researchers found that as planet mass increases, water tends to integrate with the iron core, leading to a reevaluation of astronomical observation data and planetary habitability. This discovery has significant implications for the study of Super-Earths and the search for life beyond Earth.
Researchers propose a new parameter to compare mantle-derived magmas from different depths, revealing constant oxidation state since Hadean, contradicting previous assumptions on O2 levels rise. The study integrates thermal state and redox state, providing insights into Earth's multi-sphere system co-evolution history.
Researchers at Heidelberg University found that millimeter-sized sapphire grains formed in association with volcanism in the Eifel region. The crystals inherited isotopic signatures from mantle melts and were deposited in rivers through weathering, supporting a new theory on their formation.
A new study reveals that solar radiation can affect the Earth's deep interior, influencing the redox state of arc magma. The research found a latitude-dependent distribution of arc magma with less oxidized magma in lower latitudes.
Researchers at Imperial College London and the University of Bristol studied 60 explosive volcanic eruptions worldwide to understand the frequency, composition, and size of eruptions. They found that magma buoyancy, storage time in shallower chambers, and reservoir size are key factors driving eruptions.
Researchers have found ancient rocks in Greenland that retain signatures of a magnetic field with a strength of at least 15 microtesla, extending the magnetic field's age by 200 million years. The discovery sheds light on the planet's early conditions and may have played a critical role in making Earth habitable.
Researchers at the University of Arizona used computer simulations and spacecraft data to study the moon's geology, finding that a dense layer of titanium-rich material sank into the interior and rose on the near side. The findings suggest that the moon 'turned itself inside out' during its formation.
A recent study from the University of Copenhagen found that the oldest Scandinavian bedrock originated in Greenland approximately 3.75 billion years ago. The discovery provides new insights into the formation of continents and the emergence of life on Earth, highlighting the importance of fixed continents for supporting life.
A Western University postdoctoral fellow's discovery of apatite in early lunar crust reveals a volatile-rich surface from 4.5 billion years ago. This finding challenges previous understanding and offers exciting new evidence for the Moon's early history.
Researchers used ancient lunar crystals brought back from the Moon to determine its minimum possible age, pushing back its formation by 40 million years to at least 4.46 billion years old. The discovery sheds light on the Moon's role in stabilizing Earth's rotation and tidal patterns.
A team of researchers at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has made a groundbreaking discovery about the behavior of iron in molten rock materials, shedding light on Earth's evolution and the study of exoplanets. The findings reveal that iron in these materials mostly has a low-spin state under extreme pressure and temperature condi...
Researchers have created high-resolution underground images of the Long Valley Caldera, revealing a 'hardened lid' of crystallized rock covering the magma chamber. The findings suggest that the area is not gearing up for another supervolcanic eruption but may experience earthquakes and small eruptions due to cooling and gas release.
An international team of scientists has discovered a link between Earth's ancient atmosphere and the chemistry of its deep mantle. The study found that sediment recycling provided atmospheric access to the mantle, leading to increased oxidation of calc-alkaline magma and altering the composition of the continental crust.
A UNIGE team has developed a method to rapidly obtain valuable information about the structure of volcanoes. By analyzing three key parameters: height, rock thickness, and chemical composition of magma, scientists can identify the active volcanoes most likely to produce large-scale eruptions.
Geoscientists at Cornell University have discovered that gaseous carbon dioxide can trigger explosive eruptions in basaltic volcanoes. The research uses a new model to suggest that magma comes directly from the mantle, stored tens of kilometers below Earth's surface.
Researchers found that hydrothermal vents were active at shallow depths, releasing larger quantities of methane and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This discovery has significant implications for understanding past climate warming events.
Research reveals Kama'ehu volcano in Hawaii has erupted five times in the past 150 years. The new study uses mass spectrometry to measure radium-226 in lava samples, revealing a frequency of eruptions around 30 years. This slower rate is linked to sluggish mantle upwelling on the margin of the Hawaiian plume.
Researchers discovered bimetallic tartrate complexes with unique structures, formed by insufficient ligand, leading to improved sensor characteristics for microbiosensors. The study showcases the potential of laser-induced chemical liquid phase deposition for creating nanostructures with various applications.
University of Queensland researchers have developed a new technique using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma quadruple mass spectrometry to analyze the chemical composition of magma. This high-resolution method provides clearer data on the eruption style and lava flow, enabling better forecasting of volcanic eruptions.
Researchers have found evidence of 20 million years of 'hot spot' magmatism under the Cocos plate, with a long-lived melt channel that originated from a mantle plume. The study suggests that this channel is regionally extensive and may be a widespread source for intraplate magmatism.
A study from Smithsonian researchers deepens understanding of Earth's crust by testing and eliminating the garnet hypothesis about why continental crust is lower in iron and more oxidized. The findings suggest that intense heat and pressure cannot produce the necessary conditions for garnet formation, contradicting a popular explanation.
Researchers used computer simulations to understand the formation of new subduction zones and the development of the Caribbean large igneous province. The study found that simultaneous subduction of two plates led to a major mantle flow, triggering the formation of a plume and extensive magmatic activity.
Researchers propose that early interactions between the magma ocean and a molecular hydrogen proto-atmosphere could have given rise to Earth's signature features, including its abundant water. The study suggests that even dry rocky material collisions would generate large quantities of water through these atmospheric-magma interactions.
Researchers used zircon crystals to unlock information about early Earth's magmas and plate tectonic activity, suggesting that the process was occurring more than 4.2 billion years ago. This finding could be beneficial in the search for life on other planets.
Researchers at Heidelberg University developed new methods to detect biogenic carbon in zircon minerals, which can preserve traces of life hundreds of millions of years old. The study's findings open up new possibilities for research into the Earth's early period, where fossils and sediments are scarce.
Heat flow in the Earth's core is linked to anomalies in the magnetic field, particularly over Africa and the Pacific. The cooling process does not happen uniformly, causing regional changes to the magnetic field.
Scientists at Caltech used machine-learning algorithm to chart sills, mapping them with precision and linking them to active volcanoes Mauna Loa and Kīlauea. The study provides new insights into magma storage and transport deep beneath Hawai‘i.
The largest earthquake on Mars, a 4.7 magnitude marsquake, revealed layers in the crust suggesting a massive meteoroid impact, with possible alternating volcanic and sedimentary rocks. This finding provides evidence for past collision events that shaped the planet.
Scientists from the University of Arizona have discovered a giant active mantle plume pushing the surface of Mars upward, causing earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The finding suggests that Mars' deceptively quiet surface may hide a more tumultuous interior than previously thought.
A team at the University of Tokyo has discovered that analyzing the ratio of argon-40 to helium-3 in magma gases can indicate the risk of different types of eruption. By monitoring these gas ratios, scientists hope to develop a portable equipment for real-time, on-site measurements, enabling early warning systems and potentially saving...
Researchers found that mantle melting-point depression due to fusible components could generate young lunar volcanism. The Chang'E-5 samples, returned in 2020, revealed surprisingly young volcanic activity only 2 billion years old, contradicting the long-held assumption that the Moon has been geologically dead since then.
Researchers found that basaltic magma chambers can grow extremely rapidly, with rates of hundreds to thousands of meters per year, producing large, well-differentiated intrusions. This challenges current understanding of slow growth rates for such formations and suggests a new perspective on the formation of layered mafic intrusions.
A new study suggests that Earth's deep mantle was drier than initially thought, with a water concentration 4-250 times lower than the upper mantle. This finding challenges the assumption that the mantle was uniform from its formation and may have prevented mixing within the mantle.
Researchers at Mainz University found the Cumbre Vieja lava to be exceptionally low in viscosity, resulting in rapid flow and devastating damage. The study published in Nature Communications revealed that the lava's composition, particularly its silica content, contributed to its fluidity.
Researchers from the University of Oregon studied a persistent lava lake at Kīlauea's summit, finding that seismic signals encode resonance of magma sloshing in and out of the shallow magma chamber. The study provides new insights into volcanic gas migration and magma temperature, shedding light on the volcano's dynamics.
Researchers have discovered deep underground magma containing 8-20 weight percent water, far wetter than previously thought. This find sheds light on the role of water in explosive volcanic eruptions and the formation of economic ore deposits.
Scientists from the University of Geneva discover that copper deposits are formed by mechanisms similar to those causing large volcanic eruptions. The 'porphyry' deposits, containing copper, form when hot fluids release from cooling magmas and develop under the earth's surface.
A new method developed by LMU geophysicist Max Moorkamp improves the accuracy of understanding the Earth's crust composition. By combining data on electrical conductivity and density, researchers can better distinguish between fluids and solid graphite in geological regions.
Researchers identify magma intrusion as cause of 85,000-quake swarm in Antarctica, largest ever recorded. The swarm peaked with two large earthquakes before subsiding, marking the end of a sustained magmatic unrest.