Overturning the truth on conservation tillage
A study by North Dakota State University researchers found that conservation tillage systems can reduce on-farm costs while preserving long-term productivity, dispelling concerns about lower yields.
Soils
Articles tagged with Soils
Active pharmaceutical ingredients can persist in the environment
Research reveals that active pharmaceutical ingredients can persist in groundwater due to sorption potential and biodegradability. Medicines like ofloxacin and naproxen were detected in groundwater samples, with varying levels of risk to human health.
Researchers reveal mechanisms for regulating temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition in alpine grasslands
A recent study found that lower microbial abundance and aggregate protection are coexisting mechanisms underlying lower Q10 in subsoil, while substrate quality and mineral protection play less role. Microbial communities regulate depth-associated variations in Q10 in the active carbon pool, whereas aggregate protection controls it in t...
Gene identified that will help develop plants to fight climate change
Researchers at Salk Institute discovered a gene that determines root growth depth in plants, enabling the development of crops with deeper roots to store more carbon. The finding is part of the Harnessing Plants Initiative, which aims to reduce atmospheric CO2 levels through plant-based solutions.
Using an embryonic pause to save the date
Date palms employ a method of remote germination, pausing their development until conditions are right. When soil temperature increases, the plant emerges with a fully developed leaf and root system.
SourceKing Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST)·JournalThe Plant Cell·DateJul 8, 2019
Scientists hit pay dirt with new microbial research technique
A team of scientists from the Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory developed a new technique called BONCAT to isolate active microbes in soil samples. This breakthrough could enable researchers to better understand terrestrial ecosystems, improve drought-resistance in crops, and sustainably produce fuels.
Heat kills invasive jumping worm cocoons, could help limit spread
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison discovered that temperatures above 100 degrees Fahrenheit kill invasive jumping worm cocoons, potentially limiting their spread. This finding could inform strategies to slow or stop the worms' invasion through heat-treated compost and potted plants.
Biochar may boost carbon storage, but benefits to germination and growth appear scant
Researchers tested different soils' responses to multiple biochar types but found no significant impact on plant growth. However, biochar did affect soil greenhouse gas emissions. The study's findings suggest that using biochar as an additive could prevent microbe-generated greenhouse gas emissions.
Methods in belowground botany
Current research in belowground botany is advancing our understanding of plant root systems, their structure, and function. New technologies like digital imaging of root traits are enabling scientists to study root systems more effectively.
New process to rinse heavy metals from soils
A research team at Stanford University has developed a new method to clean contaminated soils by rinsing them with a mixture of water and EDTA, a chemical that attracts heavy metals. The process involves percolating the mixture through the soil, collecting the toxic brew, and filtering it to capture the heavy metals.
Farmers and food companies hit the dirt to improve soil health
Big food brands invest in soil health programs to help farmers improve sustainability, cut costs and reduce environmental impact. These programs provide education and data gathering tools for farmers to adopt strategies such as organic production, cover crops and cost-sharing initiatives.
Chloropicrin application increases production and profit potential for potato growers
The use of chloropicrin as a preplant soil treatment measure has been found to suppress soilborne pathogenic fungi and some nematodes and insects. Additionally, it results in greater crop yield and health, with treated soil having a healthier root system, improved water use, and more efficient fertilizer use.
Soil communities threatened by destruction, instability of Amazon forests
A recent study published in Conservation Biology found that Amazonian deforestation leads to reduced abundance and diversity of soil fauna and microbes. The research team also discovered that land use patterns after forest clearance impact soil biodiversity, with certain species more vulnerable to displacement than others.
How plant viruses can be used to ward off pests and keep plants healthy
Researchers discovered a plant virus capable of delivering pesticide molecules deep into the soil, targeting pests like nematodes. The breakthrough could help farmers reduce pesticide use and minimize environmental harm.
Antarctic biodiversity hotspots exist wherever penguins and seals poop
Researchers found that nitrogen-rich poop from penguins and seals creates biodiversity hotspots in Antarctica, supporting thriving communities of mosses and lichens. The extent of these hotspots is linked to the number of animals present, not climate or region dryness.
Dehesa health starts from the ground up
Soil microbiome plays crucial role in woodland health, influencing pathogens that affect holm oak and improving trees' resilience. The study found that beneficial microorganisms like Trichoderma can help prevent oomycete pathogens, while mycorrhizae abundance leads to reduced defoliation.
Do additives help the soil?
A UBC researcher's study found that commercial bio-fertilizers may not improve soil quality or crop yields, raising concerns about environmental consequences. The study also highlights the need for more knowledge on the impact of these inoculants on the land and potential invasive species risks.
SourceUniversity of British Columbia Okanagan campus·JournalThe Science of The Total Environment·DateMay 1, 2019
'Right' cover-crop mix good for both Chesapeake and bottom lines
A strategic mix of cover crops reduces nitrogen loss in the Chesapeake Bay, while also increasing yields in subsequent cash crops. Mixtures with a high proportion of legumes and a low rate of cereal rye are most effective.
Climate, grasses and teeth -- the evolution of South America mammals
About 7-6 million years ago, the Hadley circulation intensified, leading to drier climate, expanding subtropical grasslands and increasing mammal species that eat grasses. The research provides a new understanding of late Miocene ecosystems and their evolution.
Microscopic life in the saline soil of the Marismas del Odiel Natural Park
A University of Seville study reveals the existence of microscopic life in saline soil, highlighting its potential to inform climate change predictions. The research identifies key factors influencing microbial communities, including salinity, pH, and metals.
Getting fertilizer in the right place at the right rate
Researchers found that in-soil placement of fertilizer resulted in less phosphorus loss from snowmelt runoff. This practice helps roots access and take up phosphorus, reducing its interaction with runoff. The study's findings aim to encourage growers to adopt environmentally friendly practices.
Natural, nonbiological light-harvesting system on Earth
Researchers have discovered naturally occurring photocurrents in iron and manganese mineral coatings on rocks in China. These coatings exhibit stable photocurrents under steady illumination and rapid changes with illumination fluctuations, suggesting a potential role in biogeochemical processes.
SourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateApr 22, 2019
Plants and microbes shape global biomes through local underground alliances
Researchers found that plants and microbes forge symbiotic relationships to gain access to nutrients, leading to the dominance of specific tree species in different biomes. This understanding can help predict how ecosystems will shift in response to climate change.
Amazonian soils mapped using indicator species
Researchers from Finland and Brazil developed a method that uses both plant and soil data to produce a map of soil properties in Amazonia. The study leverages digital herbarium databases and fern species occurrence data to estimate soil properties, providing valuable insights for conservation efforts.
TxDOT grants allow UTA civil engineers to build more resilient roadways
Researchers at UTA work with TxDOT to improve soil monitoring and predictive modeling, reducing slope failures and increasing road resilience. The projects also aim to enhance the transportation system's reliability and safety.
Characterization of 'hidden' dioxins from informal e-waste processing
The study found major dioxins detected were polybrominated and mixed halogenated dibenzofurans, suggesting PBDEs as a source. High concentrations of PXDFs indicate these 'hidden' dioxins contribute substantially to e-waste-derived dioxin toxicity.
Novel insights into soil biodiversity, Earth's global engine
The study reveals that increases in soil biodiversity follow plant cover increases in less productive ecosystems, while acidification leads to declines in more productive ecosystems. These patterns differ from those observed in other communities.
Are no-fun fungi keeping fertilizer from plants?
In south Florida, a study found that only 20% of applied phosphorus is taken up by plants due to fungal processes. Fungi can convert available phosphorus into less accessible mineral forms.
Ascribe Bioscience receives SBIR award from NSF
Ascribe Bioscience has developed a seed treatment technology using ascarosides, signaling molecules produced by microscopic worms in the soil microbiome. The technology enhances plant resistance to pathogens at extremely low concentrations.
Caterpillars retrieve 'voicemail' by eating soil
Researchers found that caterpillars ingest soil and retain a microbiome similar to the soil itself, allowing them to access 'voicemails' left behind by plants. This discovery sheds light on the impact of soil legacy on insect health and has potential applications for agriculture.
Researchers analyze biodiversity patterns in Antarctic Dry Valleys
A team of scientists analyzed biodiversity patterns in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, revealing that biotic interactions are essential for understanding ecosystem dynamics. The study found that biogeography and species interactions are stronger drivers of biodiversity than previously expected.
Excessive phosphate fertilizer use can reduce microbial functions critical to crop health
A recent study found that high levels of inorganic P-fertilizer can reduce microbial functions critical to crop health. Soil microorganisms from treated soils negatively impacted plant yield. The study suggests excessive phosphate fertilizer use may have lasting negative effects on crop productivity.
As uniform as cloned soldiers, new spiders were named after the Stormtroopers in Star Wars
Researchers discover six new spider species in Colombia, including four unknown to science, and create new genus Stormtropis inspired by Star Wars' clone troopers. The spiders are well adapted to camouflage and burrowing into habitats.
What do gardens bring to urban ecosystems?
This research project investigates how urban gardens impact ecosystems by analyzing soil health, microbe populations, water quality, and greenhouse gas emissions. The findings will inform policymakers and growers on how to make better land use decisions.
Researchers: Pesticides influence ground-nesting bee development and longevity
Researchers found that chronic exposure to realistic soil concentrations of imidacloprid affects solitary bees' mass, immature development speed, and adult longevity. Ground-nesting bee species are more susceptible to pesticide effects due to their smaller nest sizes and prolonged underground stays.
SourceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau·JournalScientific Reports·DateMar 13, 2019
Strontium isotope maps are disturbed by agricultural lime
Researchers found that agricultural lime alters the strontium isotopic composition of surface waters and plants in non-calcareous soils. This can result in incorrect interpretations of prehistoric people's origins and movement, affecting studies on provenance and mobility.
A lawn is better than fertilizer for growing healthy blueberries
Researchers have discovered that growing grasses alongside blueberry plants corrects iron deficiency, leading to increased antioxidant content and improved berry quantity. Intercropping with grass species has been shown to provide a natural source of iron chelators, comparable to synthetic treatments.
Climate-driven evolution in trees alters their ecosystems
A new study explores how climate-driven evolution in tree populations changes their interaction with the soil environment, leading to reduced genetic variation and altered soil microbiome. Warmer temperatures result in earlier bud break and leaf-out, reducing genetic variation and affecting soil microbial communities.
Study first to show processes determining fate of new RNA pesticide in soils
Researchers tracked a new RNA pesticide in soils and found it degrades through enzymes and microbes, but also attaches to soil particles, slowing breakdown. The extent of this protection varies by soil type.
Getting to the core of underwater soil
Scientists are working to map and understand underwater soils, which affect commercial, recreational, and transportation activities. Data collected provides insights into soil properties and their importance in habitats and ecosystems.
Nematode odors offer possible advantage in the battle against insect pests
Researchers found nematodes produce distinctive chemical cues that deter Colorado potato beetles and make potato leaves less palatable. This could provide a natural alternative to chemical pesticides.
UBC researchers explore an often ignored source of greenhouse gas
Researchers at UBC's Okanagan campus have discovered that irrigation with lake water releases CO2 from bicarbonates, a natural process that has practical applications for agriculture-based communities. The study suggests that understanding this process is essential in combatting rising atmospheric greenhouse gases.
More data, more land reclamation success
A new study found that collecting soil data at short intervals can increase the success of land reclamation, leading to faster regeneration and lower costs. By fine-tuning fertilizer and lime applications based on soil pH levels, teams achieved significant cost savings, especially in mountainous areas.
CABI win grant to boost food security in India and Ethiopia through opening access to data
CABI will work with governments, universities, and research organizations in India and Ethiopia to share data on soil health, agronomy, and fertilizers, promoting better decision-making for farmers. The project aims to create national data policies and databases for improved access and sharing of agricultural data.
Prairie strips transform farmland conservation
Prairie strips have been shown to significantly reduce soil erosion, improve water quality, and increase beneficial insect populations. By converting a small portion of a crop field to prairie, farmers can lower their financial costs while creating numerous ecological benefits.
Study predicts how air pollutants from US forest soils will increase with climate change
A study from Indiana University predicts that climate change will lead to increased air pollutants from US forest soils, which can cause smog, acid rain, and respiratory problems. Tree species such as maple, sassafras, and tulip poplar are found to promote the release of nitrogen oxides.
Farm manure boosts greenhouse gas emissions -- even in winter
A University of Vermont study found that farmers' spring and summer decisions on manure application can increase greenhouse gas emissions during winter. The research highlights the importance of considering long-term effects of management decisions, as agriculture is expected to expand in northern regions with warming climates.
Forest soils need many decades to recover from fires and logging
A landmark study found forest soils need several decades to recover from bushfires and logging. Soils recovered very slowly over many years from these events.
New conservation practice could reduce nitrogen pollution in agricultural drainage water
Researchers estimate that saturated buffers, vegetated strips of land between tile-drained fields and waterways, could reduce agricultural drainage nitrogen by 5 to 10 percent. This approach is inexpensive and can be easily integrated with farming practices.
SourceUniversity of Illinois College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences·JournalAgricultural & Environmental Letters·DateJan 15, 2019
Potato pathogens meet their match through $8 million multistate research initiative
Researchers from Colorado State University and nine other universities are exploring best practices for strong, disease-resistant potato crops. The four-year project aims to enhance the environmental quality and economic viability of potato operations nationwide.
When 'alien' insects attack Antartica
A non-biting midge, Eretmoptera murphyi, is found to release large volumes of nutrients into the soil on Signy Island, affecting peat decomposition and biodiversity. The single introduced species can lead to a three- to four-fold increase in nitrogen relative to areas without its presence.
Gene identified with a key role in plant adaptation to fluctuating soil salinity levels
Scientists discovered modifications in a sodium transporter gene, HKT1;1, which enable plants to adapt to varying soil salinity. The study used genomic analysis and sequencing techniques to reveal genetic variations that improve osmotic adjustment and prevent salt toxicity.
SourceUniversitat Autonoma de Barcelona·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateDec 18, 2018
UTA civil engineer named fellow of UK Institution of Civil Engineers
Anand Puppala, a professor of civil engineering at UTA, has been recognized as a Fellow of the United Kingdom's Institution of Civil Engineers. He is an expert in geotechnical and ground improvement, stabilization of expansive soils, and sustainable utilization of recycled materials.
Soil compound fights chronic wasting disease
A major soil organic matter compound, humic acid, has been found to degrade chronic wasting disease prions and reduce their infectivity in mice. The findings suggest that soil organic material can break down the prions, making them less infectious.
The persistence of pesticides threatens European soils
Researchers found pesticide residues in 83% of soil samples from 11 European countries, highlighting the persistence of pesticides in the land. The study suggests that mixes of pesticides are more common than single types, posing a risk to non-target species.
Hidden giants in forest soils
Researchers have discovered 16 novel giant viruses in a forest soil ecosystem, more than doubling the known giant virus diversity. These viruses were found using a non-standard approach that involved flow-sorting microbes into small pools, revealing a wealth of giant viruses previously overlooked.
4,000-year-old termite mounds found in Brazil are visible from space
Researchers found vast network of interconnected termite mounds in northeastern Brazil, covering area similar to Great Britain, with soil excavated over 10 cubic kilometers. The mounds are up to 4,000 years old and were formed by a single termite species that accessed dead leaves safely.
The engineering work of ants can influence paleoclimatic studies
Researchers found that ants select medium-sized soil grains with quartz over feldspar for their structures, potentially altering palaeoclimatic data. This study highlights the importance of considering bioturbatory action in paleontological analyses.
UTA researcher to use grant to employ better ways to bolster embankments, soil
Researchers are using geopolymers and sustainable cement materials to strengthen highway embankments in the Paris, Texas district. This project aims to reduce carbon footprint by replacing traditional materials with waste-based alternatives.
Soil's history: A solution to soluble phosphorus?
A new study suggests that previous applications of phosphorus fertilizers increase their effectiveness, allowing for more judicious use. This can help farmers save money and reduce environmental pollution by using only as much phosphorus as required.