Articles tagged with Materials Testing
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A team of LSU professors aims to create a computer-based, virtual testing system for construction materials, reducing the need for physical specimens and improving durability. The goal is to decrease life-cycle costs and enhance current practice in mix design.
The University of Illinois will develop criteria for selecting digital material for capture and preservation, exploring ways for libraries and repositories to share and preserve digital resources. The project aims to identify methods and technologies that will help avoid losing information of significant historical value.
The study introduces value-based metrics such as value retention and value-added to evaluate the effectiveness of electronics recycling firms. It found that these metrics worked well in case studies of three US firms and can help improve recycling efficiency.
A new method developed at NIST measures the strength and stiffness of thin-film samples in under 2 seconds, providing quantitative results for definitive comparisons. This technique has applications in evaluating materials for semiconductors, solar cells, fuel cells, coatings, magnetic storage devices and nanotechnology devices.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology and NASA found that nanosprings exhibit mechanical properties similar to macroscale springs. The findings suggest other nano materials may behave similarly to their macroscale counterparts.
Researchers found that several plant materials and extracts inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria when introduced into bird nests. These findings suggest that parent birds may be using medical botany as a form of effective home nest security to protect their offspring from disease.
A new study found that only 2% of patients who experienced an allergic-like event after the first penicillin prescription had another reaction, despite previous estimates suggesting a 60% rate. The researchers suggest that some patients labeled as penicillin-allergic can safely receive the antibiotic in emergency situations.
By applying combinatorial techniques, scientists can test thousands of polymeric materials in a single experiment, reducing the time and effort required to develop new materials. This technology has the potential to revolutionize fields such as biomedical and electronic engineering.
The symposium will focus on challenges in herb research, including the development of a valid test for herbal supplements and discussions on health benefits and quality issues. Experts will share their knowledge on polyphenols, regenerative properties of Chinese herbs, and quality problems with plant products.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology discover a way to boost the efficiency of polymer organic light-emitting diodes by biasing spin statistics. The new method could lead to more efficient devices with an increased percentage of light-emitting singlets.
Flexible organic light emitting devices (FOLEDs), developed by University of Toronto engineers, offer a potential solution for future generations of bendable television, computer and cellphone screens. The technology could be manufactured using low-cost, high-efficiency mass production methods within two to three years.
Researchers have identified a mechanism for the size effect in ferroelectric oxides, which can lead to the loss of memory properties. Linear crystal lattice defects can cause material deformation and reduce storing properties.
Designing nanomaterials requires careful consideration of interatomic force laws and scaling dimensions. At the nanoscale, tiny cracks require more load to spread, increasing the risk of catastrophic failure. Ceramic materials are particularly affected due to their high strength, hardness, and light weight.
The Office of Naval Research is developing new materials to increase the survivability of future Marine Corps vehicles. Six contractors have developed new material concepts, with three selected for Phase 2 contracts. Lightweight high-strength composite materials and embedded sensors will be integrated into a vehicle demonstrator.
A new two-step process measures cytokine levels and cell membrane protein presence to evaluate material biocompatibility. The NIST-developed method offers a more nuanced understanding of material compatibility, enabling industry and researchers to create more well-matched materials for medical applications.
Researchers at Princeton University have developed a new memory device that stores digital information permanently in a plastic polymer coating. The device combines an inexpensive and easy-to-produce material with thin-film silicon electronics, enabling fast and efficient data storage.
A University of Toronto professor has created a way to turn hemp into strong and lightweight biocomposites. These materials can be used in various applications such as automotive interior parts, structural buildings, sports equipment, and even medical devices like cardiac devices and blood bags.
Scientists at Penn State University have created a novel method for synthesizing cage-like silica structures by combining different templates and heating them in a microwave oven. This innovative approach produces larger particles with improved stability and reduced synthesis time compared to previous methods.
Researchers have developed a new material combining buckyballs with polyurethane to improve information processing in fibre-optic networks. The material interacts with light particles 10-100 times more strongly than previous C60-based materials, enabling faster and more efficient data transmission.
The Army has established an Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies (ICB) with funding of up to $50 million. The ICB aims to develop new biotechnologies that improve the effectiveness of the Army's mission by leveraging investments in biotechnology research.
NIST researchers Bo Yang and Vinod Tewary used a mathematical concept to predict how self-assembling quantum dots align themselves. The theory, based on the elastic energy release rate, can aid in developing more reliable methods for fabricating quantum dot devices.
Researchers have successfully assembled three-dimensional patterns from two different types of nanoparticles with complementary properties. The combination may exhibit novel magneto-optical properties and key features for quantum computing.
Researchers at NIST are developing tiny lab-on-chip devices to automate material formulation testing, reducing trial-and-error exercises. The project aims to improve paints, shampoos, and other emulsions with real-time image measurement techniques, extending microfluidic system capabilities.
Scientists create a nanoscale, layered material that replicates the properties of mother-of-pearl, including its iridescence. The artificial nacre consists of alternating layers of clay and a polymer, providing strong, yet flexible, materials for various applications.
Researchers have developed a new material made from micrometer-sized polymer beads that improves the treatment of urinary incontinence. The microspheres are well-tolerated by rats and anchor themselves to surrounding tissues, reducing the risk of allergic responses or degradation over time.
The US Navy has established a new center for nanoscience innovation in defense, which will transfer knowledge from universities to the industry. The center aims to advance nanoscale systems and devices for advanced technology, including spintronics and quantum information processing.
Researchers at Alberta Research Council have developed a working demonstration unit of micro fuel cell technology, capable of powering a small electric fan. The single-cell fuel cell uses hydrogen gas as a fuel and can be adapted to run on various fuels, including natural gas and butane.
New devices can control the motion of magnetic flux quanta, allowing for precise manipulation of magnetic fields within superconducting materials. This enables the creation of specific magnetic profiles, facilitating applications such as removing unwanted flux and magnetically focusing nearby particles.
A study found that conventional explanations of consent forms were insufficient to ensure understanding among research participants in Haiti. In contrast, in-depth explanations with visual material resulted in high pass rates on an oral test, highlighting the need for new techniques to improve informed consent processes.
The AAAS-led Center aims to improve science curriculum materials by incorporating sound research and effective teaching strategies. The center will work closely with local school-district partners to develop a cadre of experts in science curriculum materials R&D.
Researchers are developing robots inspired by cockroaches' legs using biomimetics and Shape Deposition Manufacturing. The study found that a cockroach leg's response to displacement inputs can be modeled as a viscoelastic material, enabling the design of stable and compliant robot legs.
The Vinland Map's date has been determined to be around 1434, indicating a strong connection to the Catholic Church's Council of Basel. The parchment analysis provides new evidence supporting the map's authenticity and sheds light on European knowledge of North America during this period.
Researchers at UCSD create hybrid composite alloy material combining shape-memory nickel-titanium with super-elastic foams and glass beads for enhanced flexibility and resilience. The new material absorbs high-velocity impacts, potentially stopping cracks and collateral damage.
These sensors can detect temperature changes, stress, viscosity, liquid density, and surface tension without wires or connectors. They use magnetoelastic thin-film technology to generate harmonics that change as the environment around them alters.
Researchers have discovered crystalline materials that can change shapes rapidly and act as ultrafast switches in optical computers, potentially enabling 3D TVs and unprecedented storage potential. The materials could be produced in bulk and reduced costs may be achieved through improved manufacturing efficiencies.
Researchers at Cornell University have created a flexible ceramic material with a cubic bicontinuous structure, which conforms to century-old mathematical predictions. The material has properties that are not just the sum of polymers and ceramic, but something new, offering promise for efficient battery electrolytes and fuel cells.
A UCLA-led team of chemists and engineers has developed a transparent plastic that can mend itself when heated, offering potential use in industries such as electronics, radar and communications. The material, called Automend, retains 60% of its original strength after healing.
Simon C. Moss, a UH professor, has spent 40 years researching atomic-scale defects and their impact on materials properties. His work has led to breakthroughs in semiconductors, alloys, and thin films, earning him the Von Hippel Award.
Researchers at Cornell University propose that silver-flourine compounds could exhibit high-temperature superconductivity, building on similarities to oxocuprates. Theoretical predictions are supported by detailed calculations and chemical reasoning, but experimental production will be challenging.
Professor Morton Gurtin's research extends continuum mechanics to study structural materials at nanoscale length scales, advancing theories of deformation and fracture process. He has been an active collaborator with Italian school of continuum mechanics researchers since many years.
The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory has developed a low-cost method to fabricate scale models for aerodynamic wind tunnel tests. The alternative approach uses non-metallic materials like engineering polymers and thermoset resins, enabling program managers to obtain high-quality data at a fraction of the cost of trad...
Researchers at Virginia Tech have developed mathematical formulas to reduce vibrations on spacecraft, enabling autonomous decision-making without human programming. The technology will be tested on the International Space Station, which is currently under construction with a budget of $50 billion and expected completion in five years.
Researchers at Ohio State University have created a compact disc that can analyze blood samples and store medical information, using tiny reservoirs and channels to mix fluids. The technology enables the CD to measure glucose levels, store data, and even calibrate sensors.
The Second Annual Louisiana Materials Science Conference will bring together academics and industry experts to discuss a range of materials science topics. The conference, held at the University of New Orleans, will feature over 30 presenters and explore the latest developments in materials science.
A simple blood test identified patients who benefited markedly from glycoprotein IIb/IIIa platelet inhibitor drugs, showing a 50% improvement in risk of death and second heart attack. Patients with high troponin T levels were found to be at increased risk and benefit most from these drugs.
Dr. Joseph Testa receives award for his research on mesothelioma, a cancer associated with asbestos exposure. His work aims to understand the genetic alterations that occur in affected cells and potentially develop new treatments.
Researchers aim to expand traditional testing to include creative and practical abilities, enabling students to capitalize on natural strengths and achieve higher levels of success. The new grant will test triarchic instruction in rural, suburban, and urban settings across the country.
According to Bruce W. Tuckman, frequent quizzes can significantly improve students' grades by reducing procrastination and increasing motivation. Students with low GPAs who received weekly quizzes outperformed their peers by an average of 4-24% on midterm and final exam grades.
Researchers use a massive centrifuge to simulate earthen dam failures and study the effects of sinkholes on full-sized dams. The 400g-ton machine, built in 1988, can spin loads of up to 2 tons at 200 times gravity.
The American Red Cross has developed a new genetic test, nucleic acid testing (NAT), to detect viruses such as HIV and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in blood donations. This technology can identify infectious agents earlier than current screening tests, reducing the risk of disease transmission through blood products.
A Mayo Clinic study published in Annals of Emergency Medicine found that electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT) is an efficient and cost-effective screening tool for patients with chest pain. The test can detect coronary artery calcification, allowing doctors to safely send patients home without further observation.
The new high-strength, ultra-thin steels are being tested for endurance on life-size testing rigs to simulate 40,000km of rocky road driving. The materials range in thickness from 0.7 to 2 mm and have improved fatigue properties.
A Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor has developed a quick and easy test that can analyze thin films used in microelectronics components using an optical method. The device, which uses short laser pulses to generate ultrasonic waves, can measure film thickness to within one layer of atoms in one second.
Researchers at Idaho National Laboratory and Miragen are developing a technique that uses antibodies to identify individuals, offering a potential alternative to DNA testing. The Antibody Profile Assay can distinguish between identical twins and provide results in just two hours.
Researchers are developing a non-destructive testing technique that can detect cracks in materials and welds under extreme conditions. This technology is being adapted for use in space to test the International Space Station and other structures, reducing the need for costly repairs.
Researchers at Georgia Tech have developed a high-performance material to repair bridges, reducing costs and increasing durability. The material has been tested on several bridges, showing promise in extending lifespan by 30-40%.
A study of 13,204 female military recruits found a 9.2% overall prevalence of chlamydial infection, with peak rates among 17-year-olds. Screening programs based on age could identify 95.3% of infected women using DNA amplification tests like LCR assays.
A Northwestern University Medical School study found that low literacy levels were a significant predictor of having incurable prostate cancer among low-income white and black men. Poor reading skills were more prevalent among black men with advanced cancers, suggesting low literacy as a key factor in the disparity.
Researchers developed tests to determine how well bipolar electronics, commonly used in satellites, can survive long-term radiation exposure. The tests, led by Sandia National Laboratories, predict a 10-year response in just a few weeks and have already benefited systems, preventing potential failures.
Researchers from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory tested various sealing materials, including clear plastic tape, foil-backed tape, mastic, and injected aerosol sealant. Only duct tape failed the tests, while others formed good seals for extended periods.