Articles tagged with Materials
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at the University of Chicago have developed artificial photocatalytic systems using framework materials, which significantly outperform their homogeneous analogs. These materials can fine-tune performances in photosynthesis-like reactions by incorporating the right photosensitizers and catalysts.
Researchers have identified coupling design methods, composite manufacturing techniques, and future prospects for micro/nanorobots. The review explores three core functions: mobility, controllability, and load capacity, offering insights into designing high-performance MNRs.
The study probed the electronic structures of metal and ligand sides using soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy, revealing differences in energy shifts between cobalt and iron protoporphyrin IX complexes. The results show that CoPPIX maintains its five-coordination geometry in aqueous solution.
Researchers found that different synthesis methods significantly affect high entropy oxides' local structures and microstructures. Combustion synthesis produced the most homogeneous samples, while solid-state method resulted in varied local structures.
Early porous coordination polymers (PCPs) exhibit a flexible 'soft' nature, allowing them to adjust their shape and hold more gas. This finding offers new insights into the evolution of PCPs and paves the way for future research and applications.
A Japanese research team developed a new method for producing large-area nanosheets with exceptional electronic, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. The 'spontaneous integrated transfer method' uses the spontaneous spreading phenomenon of wetted nanosheets to create uniform films in just one minute.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh receive a $251,981 DARPA award to design more effective underwater adhesives inspired by mussels. They aim to optimize molecular-level properties for strengthened underwater infrastructure and fluidic environments.
A team from Osaka Metropolitan University has created a way to control the growth of crystals on metal-organic frameworks thin films, reducing light scattering and resulting in high-quality films. These advanced films are expected to be used as optical sensors, optical elements, and transparent gas adsorption sheets.
Researchers at Singapore University of Technology and Design have developed a novel approach to metalworking using chitinous colloids and composites. By leveraging the affinity between chitin and metals, they created functional metallic structures without high temperatures or pressures.
The study proposes a combined process route of laser-beam powder bed fusion and magnetic field annealing to enhance magnetostrictive strain and sensitivity. This results in improved effective magnetic anisotropy constant, reduced domain motion resistance, and increased magnetostrictive strain-sensitivity synergy.
Researchers at the University of Chicago have discovered a new material, MnBi2Te4, that can store and access computational data using light. The material's magnetic properties change quickly and easily in response to light, making it suitable for optical storage devices.
A new deep learning-based inverse design method allows for the optimization of complex acoustic metamaterials, reducing noise pollution while maintaining ventilation. The approach enables ultra-broadband sound attenuation across various peak frequencies.
Physicists at European XFEL have made comprehensive observations of ionisation processes in warm dense matter. The team observed how quickly copper transforms into the exotic state of ionised WDM to become transparent to X-rays.
Piezoelectric materials are used in sonar and ultrasound applications, but can deteriorate due to heat and pressure. Researchers have developed a technique to depole and repole these materials at room temperature, allowing for easier repair and paving the way for new ultrasound technologies.
Liheng Cai, a UVA engineering professor, has received a $1.9 million NIH grant to create advanced biomaterials that can be used to repair living tissues and build organ structures. His lab aims to develop polymers that mimic human biology and integrate healthy cells into the human body.
Researchers developed a photolithography-compatible technology for ultra-high-resolution organic semiconductor devices, enabling OLED displays with resolutions of over 20K ppi. This breakthrough addresses the challenge of damaging organic materials during photolithographic processing, paving the way for next-generation displays.
Scientists from Jingdezhen Ceramic University and Zhejiang Sci-Tech University synthesized SiOC@C ceramic nanospheres with tunable electromagnetic wave absorption performance using a liquid phase method. The material exhibits improved electromagnetic wave attenuation ability, outperforming previous PDC-SiOC ceramics.
Researchers have discovered a new connection between the nanoscale features of a piezoelectric material and its macroscopic properties, providing a new approach to designing smaller electromechanical devices. The mesoscale structures reveal a complex tile-like pattern that aligns dipoles in a specific way under an electric field.
Researchers at UC Santa Barbara have made significant advancements in understanding the role of atomic vibrations in photon emission. By identifying techniques for engineering emitters that are brighter and more efficient, they hope to overcome low efficiency and pave the way for future quantum networks.
Researchers have developed a new ultraviolet-shielding material, Ce-doped yttria transparent ceramic, with high melting points and robust mechanical strength. The material exhibits excellent optical properties and stability in harsh environments, making it highly competitive for applications in aerospace and high-temperature conditions.
A new process by Rice University researchers recovers up to 50% of lithium in spent LIB cathodes in just 30 seconds, overcoming a significant bottleneck in LIB recycling technology. The microwave-based method uses a readily biodegradable solvent and achieves efficiencies similar to conventional heating methods but much faster.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University have developed a new laser-induced forward transfer technique using optical vortex to print magnetic ferrite nanoparticles with high precision. The resulting crystals exhibit helix-like twisted structures that can be controlled by changing the optical vortex's helicity.
Researchers have developed a method to prevent grain coarsening in ceramics by creating complexions with multiple dopants co-segregated at the grain boundaries. The study shows that this approach can significantly reduce grain growth rates, but may also lead to liquid phase sintering if not optimized.
Researchers developed a new electrical contact material, Ag-Ta2AlC, which exhibits high arc erosion resistance. The composite material showed the lowest arc energy and shortest arcing time among various compositions.
Researchers at Northwestern Polytechnical University developed a new design approach for low-modulus brittle interfaces in multiphase ceramics, improving their strength and toughness. The optimized ceramics exhibit significant enhancements in flexural strength and fracture toughness compared to non-optimized counterparts.
A team of scientists developed a new material, La0.4Sr0.6FeO3-δ (LSF-P), to improve the stability and catalytic activity of Solid Oxide Cells (SOCs). The material, combined with strontium lanthanum ferrate (LSF-RP), enhances oxygen surface exchange kinetics and reduces polarization resistance.
Researchers have developed a novel thermal insulation material with exceptional compressive strength and low thermal conductivity, suitable for ultra-high temperature applications. The porous (Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2)C high-entropy ceramic exhibits outstanding mechanical properties and thermal insulation capabilities.
A new study links various soft material behaviors, revealing a critical parameter called the brittility factor that simplifies failure behavior. This finding helps engineers design better materials for future challenges.
Researchers investigate interfacial hydrogen bond structure and dynamics to maximize catalytic activity in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Depositing three water layers in a water vapor environment is optimal for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, according to the study.
The layered multiferroic material nickel iodide (NiI2) has been found to have greater magnetoelectric coupling than any known material of its kind, making it a prime candidate for technology advances. This property could enable the creation of magnetic computer memories that are compact, energy-efficient and can be stored and retrieved...
A team of researchers from Central South University proposes a novel strategy to enhance breakdown strength and electric polarization in dielectric materials. By modulating filler orientation and polymer crystallization, they achieve ultrahigh energy density and improved voltage endurance.
A new synthesis method uses molten salt etching to create 2D MoB nanosheets and Mo2AlB2 compound. The method is efficient and safe, overcoming previous challenges in synthesizing these materials.
Researchers have developed a new method to determine the exchange energy of 2D materials, which reveals the stability of their ferromagnetic properties. The study shows that molybdenum disulfide exhibits highly stable ferromagnetism, only about 10 times smaller than in iron.
Researchers investigate the impact of Fe on the corrosion behavior of Gd2Zr2O7 coatings under Fe-rich environmental sediments. The study reveals that high Fe contents promote degradation and crystallization product precipitation, affecting melt viscosity and infiltration rate.
Scientists have discovered a material that can harness waste heat, increasing energy efficiency and sustainability. The researchers found that thinner cadmium arsenide films exhibit higher thermoelectric sensitivity, allowing for more efficient cooling in cryogenic environments.
Researchers developed a thin gold membrane with pores to selectively amplify Raman signals from surfaces, enabling the study of surfaces for the first time. This breakthrough improves the efficiency and degradation behavior of batteries, catalysts, and solar cells.
Researchers have discovered that gallium's bonds disappear at melting point but reappear at higher temperatures, leading to a new explanation for its low melting point. This breakthrough has important implications for advances in nanotechnology and materials science.
Glassy gels are a new class of materials that combine the properties of glassy polymers and gels, with unique characteristics including high elasticity and adhesive surfaces. The materials were created by mixing liquid precursors with an ionic liquid, resulting in a hard yet stretchable material.
A new sensor was developed using g-C3N4 nanosheets incorporated Ag nanoparticles loaded Er0.05La0.95FeO3 heterojunctions, showing superior sensitivity for isoamyl alcohol at 20% RH and optimal operating temperature of 225°C. The sensor exhibited excellent selectivity, repeatability, and long-term stability.
Researchers developed a new method to identify altermagnets using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and theoretically predicted its fingerprint. The approach was successfully applied to manganese telluride (α-MnTe), revealing the material's hidden fingerprint of altermagnetism, which could accelerate spintronics applications.
Researchers have investigated the influence of carbon content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of multi-component carbide ceramics. The study found that reducing carbon content induces phase decomposition, leading to improved hardness and strength compared to single-phase high-entropy carbides.
A team of material scientists report the transition from single phase to multiple phases in multi-component (TiZrVNb)C ceramics by adjusting V content. The addition of V element induces significant changes in microstructure and mechanical properties, including lattice distortion and mixed enthalpy.
Researchers from Shinshu University have created a novel composite material with exceptional capabilities for motion and physiological sensing. The new sensor design showed significant performance and stability improvements, enabling practical use in wearable applications.
Perovskites-based ferroelectric ceramics have garnered attention for their superior stability, high energy density, and high power density. The team outlines a combinatorial optimization strategy to tailor ferroelectric hysteresis loops, increasing energy storage performance.
Researchers at Tsinghua University Press created a permeable thermoelectric film with superior moisture permeability and excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance. The composite film was used in sensors, demonstrating effective touch and breathing sensing capabilities.
Researchers developed composite ceramics using boron nitride microribbons, resulting in improved mechanical properties, dielectric constant and thermal conductivity. The BN-based composites showed increased fracture toughness, bending strength, and thermal conductivity compared to pure alumina ceramics.
Researchers synthesized high-crystallinity nitrogen-rich carbon nitride nanosheet photocatalysts to improve charge separation for hydrogen evolution. The discovery of bound-state electrons synergy and electron capture sites led to a significant enhancement in photocatalytic activity.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University developed a machine learning-based deicer that offers higher performance while minimizing environmental harm. The new mixture of propylene glycol and sodium formate solution shows improved ice penetration capacity, reducing the need for substance use.
A new strategy to create porous ceramic supports with high mechanical strength and porosity has been developed by researchers. The strategy, known as reverse particle grading, involves introducing coarse particles into fine particles to distribute stress and prevent crack formation.
Researchers found that Y2O3 adds solubility to the ceramics, suppressing secondary phases and improving transparency. The study also discovered that Y substitution reduces Verdet constant and thermal conductivity, with potential applications in magneto-optical ceramics for Faraday isolators.
A team of researchers from Japan have employed an innovative technique to directly observe the origin of FSDP and the atomic density fluctuations in silica (SiO2) glass. The study reveals alternating arrangements of chain-like columnar atomic configurations and interstitial tube-like voids.
Researchers developed a low-temperature process to create rutile TiO2 nanoparticles with distorted crystal lattice, leading to improved photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride under visible light illumination. The study found that the sample had a 71% increased efficiency compared to commercially available rutile TiO2.
Researchers have developed a novel material that can produce green hydrogen through photoelectrocatalysis, a process driven by sunlight. The material, composed of polyaniline nanostructures and carbon nanotubes, demonstrates enhanced light absorption and stability, making it an attractive candidate for the future of fuel production.
A team of material scientists has proposed a solution to the 'polarizability-scalability-insulation robustness' trilemma by using an ultrathin film of ferroelectric oxide in its superparaelectric state, achieving stable k value down to 0.46 nm and excellent dimensional scalability.
A team of researchers at Nagoya University has developed a novel method to seal cracks and fractures in rocks using a concretion-forming resin. The resin holds its shape and seals flow-paths rapidly, withstanding six earthquakes in a test period, making it more durable than conventional cement-based materials.
A new method for visualizing molecular orbitals has been developed, enabling scientists to analyze molecular dynamics and deformations in molecular films more easily. The technique, called PhaseLift-based photoemission orbital tomography (POT), allows for precise visualization of electronic states with a single set of measurements.
The study improves the plasticity of oxide ceramic green bodies by adding glycerol and polyethylene glycol to the PIBM gel system. The addition of these water-soluble plasticizers influences the interaction between PIBM molecules, modifying the gel network structure and alleviating particle contact.
Researchers developed a new component, sepiolite, to improve braking effectiveness in high-speed rail brakes. Sepiolite exhibits high-temperature lubricity, weakening bonds between its layered structures, and accelerates the formation of a surface lubricating film, providing stable friction at high temperatures.
Researchers aim to create polymers that can form the basis of effective sensors for applications in physiological, environmental, and Internet of Things monitoring. The goal is to increase energy efficiency and broaden material choices, enabling devices to operate at low voltage and interact with ions and transport ionic charges.
A systematic investigation by Osaka Metropolitan University calculated 120 combinations of alloy elements with carbon and nitrogen to form bonds in steel. The results showed that specific arrangements of elements harden the iron, improving durability and material strength.