Surface Science
Articles tagged with Surface Science
New polymer thermal gel may improve cooling for next-generation AI chips
Thermal ‘tug-of-war’ enables memory with 66× lower energy consumption
Printed oxygen "highways" shatter the 2D transistor speed limit
A research team has successfully removed the primary obstacle to post-silicon computing by creating a record-breaking electronic connection for atomic-thin materials. The new GaOx layer enables 'hybrid tunnelling' mechanism, reducing contact resistance and allowing transistors to operate at much lower voltages without sacrificing speed.
Hemp waste biocomposites offer a lower-carbon alternative for packaging and agricultural films
New study finds anaerobic digestion of hemp hurd-based bioplastic systems delivers the best environmental outcome, generating up to 6.1 kg less CO2 emissions per 1 kg mulch film treated. The production process significantly affects the final carbon footprint of biocomposites.
Electrocatalysts: New model for charge separation at the solid-liquid interface
Researchers developed a powerful model to understand charge separation at the interface, influencing catalytic activity. The model provides insights into the formation of electric double layers and local electric potential variations.
Water-soluble cellulose adhesive enables strong, reusable bonding across extreme conditions
Researchers have developed a water-soluble cellulose ethyl phosphite (CEP) adhesive that integrates high bonding strength, environmental tolerance, and recyclability. The CEP adhesive demonstrates remarkable thermal stability and resistance to moisture-related degradation, making it suitable for various applications.
New optical-coupled scanning probe microscope sees atoms and molecules without liquid helium
New light amplification technique reveals hidden molecular signals at surfaces
Chinese researchers develop novel post-dual OPA technique to amplify weak SFG signals, enabling detection of molecular signals at surfaces. The breakthrough opens possibilities for studying transient species in chemical reactions and other systems where surface molecular structure determines function.
Jeonbuk National University researchers track mineral growth on bioorganic coatings in real time at nanoscale
Researchers compared mineralization of calcium phosphate on titanium dioxide nanoparticles coated with zein and polydopamine, finding PDA-coated particles accumulated more mineral mass. The study's findings could guide the design of better implants, water purification materials, and sensing technologies.
Surprising effects under ion bombardment: the quantum switch
Researchers at TU Wien investigate the surprising effects of ion bombardment on the quantum material 1T-TaS2. They observe a clean and reliable switching behavior, where the material's state is reliably switched after each impact.
Phytic acid–driven structural engineering unlocks high-performance lignin-based carbon aerogel supercapacitors
Researchers developed a synergistic structure-doping regulation strategy for lignin-based carbon aerogels using phytic acid, promoting uniform spherical hierarchical structures and dual phosphorus-sulfur doping. This approach achieves high-performance supercapacitors with superior power density and energy storage capabilities.
From biocidal coatings to medicines: A nanocomposite sting for microorganisms
The B-STING silica nanocomposite acts as a nanofactory of reactive oxygen species, activating itself in response to changes in the chemical environment. This material can be used to create biocidal coatings that are safe, durable, and resistant to dirt, with potential applications in medicine and other industries.
Scientists engineer unsinkable metal tubes
Researchers at the University of Rochester create a new process to turn ordinary metal tubes unsinkable by etching micro- and nano-pits on their surface, making them superhydrophobic. The tubes stay afloat in water, even when damaged or submerged for extended periods.
Light switches made of ultra-thin semiconductor layers
A nanostructure composed of silver and an atomically thin semiconductor layer can be turned into an ultrafast switching mirror device, displaying properties of both light and matter. This discovery could lead to dramatically increased information transmission rates in optical data processing.
Wood becomes smart glass: Photo- and electro-chromic membrane switches tint in seconds
A team of researchers has developed a dual-response cellulose–WO3 composite film that can switch tint in seconds and survive 200 cycles. The membrane is made from wood and can be roll-coated on existing paper machines, making it a sustainable alternative to traditional smart glass.
Engineered material uses light to destroy PFAS, other contaminants
Researchers at Rice University developed a material that uses light to break down PFAS and other contaminants. The covalent organic framework (COF) material, grown directly onto a hexagonal boron nitride film, requires only light to activate its photocatalytic reactions.
Can smoother surfaces prevent hydrogen embrittlement?
Research finds that surface roughness influences the formation and size of hydrogen-related defects in iron, leading to a new approach to material design. The study provides fundamental understanding of hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms and could reduce life-cycle costs of hydrogen technologies.
A new method to build more energy-efficient memory devices for a sustainable data future
Researchers at Kyushu University have developed a new method to build more energy-efficient magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) using thulium iron garnet. The team successfully produced thin films of platinum on the TmIG material, enabling high-speed and low-power information rewriting at room temperature.
Bio-based nanocellulose aerogels offer sustainable thermal insulation with fire safety
Researchers develop multifunctional aerogels combining thermal insulation, flame retardancy, and mechanical robustness using bio-based nanocellulose. The resulting aerogels exhibit low thermal conductivity, high flame resistance, and impressive strength and flexibility.
Nanostructures transcend boundaries (of grains in metals)
Physicists from the IFJ PAN in Cracow have successfully produced homogeneous coatings of titanium oxide nanotubes on large metal surfaces, overcoming the obstacle of crystal grain boundaries. The method combines nanoparticle lithography and electrochemical anodization, enabling controlled material properties.
Paper strip turns saliva into instant uric-acid alert, replacing needles and lab visits
A Chinese team has developed a paper strip that can detect uric acid levels in saliva with high accuracy, replacing traditional laboratory tests. The 'abnormal UA alarm' uses fluorescent particles to quantify UA concentrations, enabling rapid and non-invasive screening for gout and metabolic disorders.
Creating ice layer by layer: the secret mechanisms of ice formation revealed
Researchers from the Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, used molecular-scale simulations to understand ice formation. They found that the arrangement of water molecules in the two layers closest to the surface is crucial for nucleation, promoting a low-dimensional hexagonal crystal lattice at the surface.
Filipino scientists develop low-cost liquid lenses
Researchers at Ateneo de Manila University create hydrophobic surfaces using electrospun polymer fibers to hold water droplets in a dome shape, allowing for dynamic adjustment of magnifying power. This discovery has potential practical applications in science classrooms, remote areas, and research labs.
New study unveils volcanic history and clues to ancient life on Mars
A new study by Texas A&M University researchers has revealed insights into Mars' geological history and potential for ancient life. The team analyzed diverse volcanic rocks in the Jezero Crater, providing a window into the planet's distant past and signs of altered olivine.
No butterfingers in baseball: Understanding slip between fingertips and the ball
A team of researchers analyzed how different baseball treatments impacted finger-ball slip distance and found that stickier surfaces resulted in faster pitches and more directional control. The study's findings aim to enhance pitching performance, injury prevention, and equipment development.
New geospatial intelligence methodology makes land use management more accurate and faster
Researchers developed a new geospatial intelligence methodology to accurately delineate areas of natural vegetation and agricultural production by crop type. The results showed 95% accuracy in mapping, providing support for public policies aimed at agricultural production and environmental conservation.
SNU-GU researchers jointly develop a liquid robot capable of transformation, separation, and fusion like living cells
A liquid robot that can transform, separate, and fuse like living cells has been developed by SNU researchers. The robot features particle-armored hydrophobic particles for structural stability and exceptional deformability for flexibility.
Rising CO2 likely to speed decrease in ‘space sustainability’
Scientists at the University of Birmingham warn that increasing CO2 levels could lead to a decrease in 'space sustainability' due to changes in the Earth's upper atmosphere. The research suggests that as the atmosphere cools, it contracts, reducing satellite density and potentially increasing the risk of collisions.
Controlling electrons in molecules at ultrafast timescales
Scientists have found a way to control electrons in molecules using tailored terahertz light pulses, potentially leading to advances in electronics, energy transfer, and chemical reactions. This new method allows for precise control of molecular states essential for processes like solar cells and LEDs.
The effects of clay minerals on imbibition in shale reservoirs
Clay minerals can significantly impact imbibition in shale reservoirs by creating micro-fractures or blocking flow paths due to hydration swelling and osmotic pressure. The resulting osmotic pressure drives imbibition, highlighting the importance of considering capillary forces and clay mineral properties.
Skin-inspired de-icing surface revolutionizes ice removal with durability and efficiency
Researchers developed a durable de-icing surface inspired by human skin's layered structure, achieving exceptional performance with low ice adhesion strength. The surface design creates extensive wrinkling at the ice-substrate interface, allowing ice to shed under its own weight without external energy inputs.
The molecular einstein
Researchers at Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA) solve the molecular einstein problem, revealing a unique arrangement of chiral molecules on silver surfaces. The discovery sheds light on the properties of these molecules and their potential applications in physics.
Atomic-level diamond surface polishing with high quality, efficiency, and material removal rates
A new photocatalytic chemical mechanical polishing (PCMP) slurry has been developed for Single Crystal Diamond (SCD) polishing, resulting in exceptionally smooth surfaces with minimal damage. The Material Removal Rate (MRR) peaks at 1168 nm·h−1, emphasizing the efficiency and effectiveness of this advanced polishing technique.
Rice scientists create tiny, water-based reactors for green chemistry
Researchers at Rice University developed microscopic reactors capable of performing chemical reactions using water instead of toxic solvents. This innovation could drastically reduce pollution in industries including pharmaceuticals and materials science.
Physicists measure a key aspect of superconductivity in “magic-angle” graphene
Researchers at MIT and Harvard University have directly measured superfluid stiffness in magic-angle graphene for the first time, shedding light on its remarkable properties. The study suggests that quantum geometry governs the material's superconductivity, a key step toward understanding its exceptional properties.
Researchers solve a fluid mechanics mystery
A team of researchers has solved a puzzle in fluid mechanics using an experiment featuring an ink-on-milk maze. The study reveals how the presence of surfactants in milk helps the ink/soap mixture navigate the maze by exploiting variations in surface tension.
Innovative 7-axis synchronization strategy for enhanced laser texturing of freeform surface
Researchers developed a 7-axis synchronization algorithm for freeform surface laser texturing, achieving high efficiency and accuracy without stitching errors. The approach improves processing efficiency by up to 559% and reduces errors by 60%, making it suitable for industrial applications.
New 2D multifractal tools delve into Pollock's expressionism
Researchers develop new technique to analyze abstract paintings using 2D multifractal analyses, revealing details on directional asymmetry and multifractality. The method is successfully applied to Jackson Pollock's works, documenting the evolution of his art.
NRL introduces a new paradigm for control of quantum emitters
A NRL multi-disciplinary team developed a nonvolatile and reversible procedure to control single photon emission purity in monolayer tungsten disulfide by integrating it with a ferroelectric material. This novel heterostructure introduces a new paradigm for control of quantum emitters.
Farewell frost! New surface prevents frost without heat
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a new surface that prevents 100% of frost formation on flat areas for up to 160 hours. The hybrid surface combines a textured macrotexture with a thin layer of graphene oxide, offering a promising solution for various applications.
UTA physicists explore possibility of life beyond Earth
Researchers from University of Texas at Arlington have identified 206 systems of interest for potential habitability, including one system where the planet is always situated in the HZ. The team analyzed data from NASA Exoplanet Archive and found F-type stars to be a promising case for life beyond Earth.
SNU researchers develop ‘Selective Metal Films Deposition Technique’ enabling fabrication of soft electronics with various form factors
The research team developed a printing-based selective metal thin film deposition technique, enabling the fabrication of high-performance soft electronic devices and circuits in various forms. The method utilizes polymer patterns to block metal vapor condensation, allowing for patterning on multi-curvature or elastic substrates.
Second life of lithium-ion batteries could take us to space
Scientists have developed an electrochemical approach using catalysts derived from used lithium-ion batteries to produce hydrogen peroxide. The method utilizes carbon nanostructures and cobalt, displaying catalytic properties in oxygen reduction reactions.
Why petting your cat leads to static electricity
Researchers at Northwestern University have finally uncovered the mechanics of static electricity generated by rubbing objects together, explaining how forces on different parts of an object create electrical charges and a current. This breakthrough could lead to new solutions for industrial fires, pharmaceutical dosing, and other issu...
European X-ray laser explores a poorly understood state of matter
Physicists at European XFEL have made comprehensive observations of ionisation processes in warm dense matter. The team observed how quickly copper transforms into the exotic state of ionised WDM to become transparent to X-rays.
Come closer: titanium-48’s nuclear structure changes when observed at varying distances
A new study by Osaka Metropolitan University researchers suggests that the nuclear structure of titanium-48 changes depending on its distance from the nucleus. The findings provide clues to the α-decay process in heavy nuclei and could help solve a 100-year-old physics mystery.
Researchers create the first comprehensive characterization of the extraordinary thermoelectric properties of cadmium arsenide thin films
Scientists have discovered a material that can harness waste heat, increasing energy efficiency and sustainability. The researchers found that thinner cadmium arsenide films exhibit higher thermoelectric sensitivity, allowing for more efficient cooling in cryogenic environments.
Gold nanoparticles kill cancer – but not as thought
Research using a novel microscopic technique reveals that gold nanoparticles' lethality to cancer cells is more complex than previously thought. Smaller nanoparticles can regenerate and divide after initial stress, while larger star-shaped particles cause oxidative stress leading to programmed cell death.
Breakthrough research uncovers hidden phenomena in ultra-clean quantum materials
Researchers have discovered unusual transport phenomena in ultra-clean SrVO3 samples, contradicting long-standing scientific consensus. The study's findings challenge theoretical models of electron correlation effects and offer insights into the behavior of transparent metals.
Automated calculation of surface properties in crystals
Scientists create high-throughput automation to calculate surface properties of crystalline materials using established laws of physics. This accelerates the search for relevant materials for applications in energy conversion, production, and storage.
Magnesium still has the potential to become an efficient hydrogen store
A Swiss-Polish team has found the answer to why previous attempts to use magnesium hydride for efficient hydrogen storage failed. The researchers developed a new model that predicts local, thermodynamically stable clusters are formed in magnesium during hydrogen injection, reducing hydrogen ion mobility.
Magnetization by laser pulse
Researchers at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf have identified a promising phenomenon where certain iron alloys can be magnetized using ultrashort laser pulses. The team has now expanded its findings to an iron-vanadium alloy, revealing a new class of materials with potential applications in spintronics and magnetic sensors.
Cheap and efficient ethanol catalyst from laser-melted nanoparticles
Scientists have developed a new, efficient ethanol catalyst made from copper nanoparticles, which is cheaper than platinum and could increase the potential of ethanol fuel cells. The catalyst was created through laser melting and shows great promise for improving ethanol oxidation.
New quantum effect demonstrated for the first time: Spinaron, a rugby in a ball pit
Scientists at the University of Würzburg validated an alternate theory proposing the spinaron effect, where individual cobalt atoms exhibit perpetual motion and interact with electrons in a unique manner. This discovery could lead to breakthroughs in magnetic information encoding and transportation, making IT more energy-efficient.
Chemists, engineers craft adjustable arrays of microscopic lenses
Scientists at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln have developed a system that can adjust the size, shape, and refractive index of microscopic lenses in real-time. The design uses hydrogels and polydimethylsiloxane to create a dynamic platform for soft robotics and liquid optics applications.
Research shows wildfire smoke may linger in homes long after initial blaze
Research from Colorado State University shows wildfire smoke can attach to home surfaces like carpet and drapes, extending exposure and potentially causing health problems. Simple surface cleaning, such as vacuuming or mopping, can reduce exposure and limit risk.
Atomic layer deposition route to scalable, electronic-grade van der Waals Te thin films
The UNIST team successfully fabricated high-quality Te thin films without heat treatment at low temperatures, achieving perfect atom arrangement. The developed process enables precise thickness control and uniform deposition on wafer-scale, suitable for various electronic devices.
Listening to nanoscale earthquakes
A recent study presents an exciting new way to measure the crackling noise of atoms in crystals, enabling the investigation of novel materials for future electronics. The method allows researchers to study individual nanoscale features and identify their effects on material properties.
An innovative addition to the chemist’s ‘toolbox’
Researchers at the University of Missouri have developed a new type of nanoclay material that can be customized to perform specific tasks. This breakthrough could lead to advances in fields such as medical science, environmental science, and more.