Articles tagged with Electrons
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Quadrupole topological insulators are a new phase of electronic matter with unusual properties. The researchers created a workable-scale analogue of QTI using printed circuit boards and measured how much microwave radiation was absorbed by each resonator.
Researchers observed attosecond optical-field-enhanced carrier injection into the GaAs conduction band, a process previously thought to be impossible. Intra-band motion plays a significant role in this phenomenon, enhancing the number of electrons excited into the conduction band.
Researchers at the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics have successfully observed non-linear interaction of an attosecond pulse with electrons in one of the inner orbital shells around the atomic nucleus. This breakthrough was made possible by the development of a novel source of attosecond pulses.
Scientists have created a new state of matter called Rydberg polarons, where an electron orbits a nucleus at a great distance while many other atoms are bound inside the orbit. The electrons' path is only slightly influenced by neutral atoms, resulting in a weak bond between the Rydberg atom and the surrounding atoms.
The University of California - Santa Barbara team designed a new spiral inductor made of multiple layers of graphene, which offers one-and-a-half times the inductance density of traditional inductors. This innovative design enables a one-third reduction in size while maintaining high efficiency.
Researchers used time-resolved spectroscopy to study the mechanism of light-dependent hydrogenation of protochlorophyllide. They found evidence of partially stepwise hydride transfer involving three discrete intermediates. This discovery sheds light on how light energy can be harnessed for chemical reactions.
Researchers used a fluid model of plasma turbulence to study heating plasma in a tokamak, revealing impacts of its turbulent behavior, density and temperature gradients. The findings showed that heating electrons caused changes in density gradients within the plasma.
Scientists have successfully observed radiation reaction in a lab experiment, where an ultra-intense laser slows down electrons. This phenomenon is thought to occur near black holes and quasars, and provides insights into quantum effects beyond classical physics.
Researchers at the University of Arizona used a novel technique to observe electrons moving through crystals, shedding light on the unique properties of transition metal dichalcogenides. The study revealed that electrons move differently within and across layers, with implications for future processing technologies.
Proton acceleration is hindered by magnetism, as electrons create a sheath field that accelerates protons at right-angles to the target. This effect, known as magnetic inhibition, progressively worsens at higher laser powers, reducing proton energies.
Researchers at DOE/Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory have found a way to reduce secondary electron emission by up to 80% using fractal fibers resembling feathers and whiskers. This breakthrough improves the performance of plasma devices such as spacecraft thrusters and particle accelerators.
Researchers measured absolute cross sections for secondary electrons interacting with DNA molecules in a condensed-phase environment. This study provides insights into the damage and radiation dose delivered to patients in radiotherapy.
Scientists from Konstanz, Princeton and Maryland successfully created a stable quantum gate for two-quantum bit systems using silicon. The research demonstrates the ability to control and read out the interaction of two quantum bits with high fidelity, paving the way for more efficient quantum computers.
Scientists at Freie Universität Berlin and Ruhr-Universität Bochum have discovered how enzymes produce molecular hydrogen. The process involves two electrons being transferred to two hydrogen ions through proton-coupled electron transfer, a mechanism that could explain the production of hydrogen gas in other enzymes.
The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) has completed a $338 million upgrade to triple its original energy design and is now ready to begin experiments. The accelerator will enable scientists to study the quark structure of matter with unprecedented precision.
Topological insulators exhibit unique properties, with electrons confined to quantum channels at the edge. Researchers have engineered these pathways, allowing for controlled conduction and potential applications in next-generation electronic devices. This work provides new insights into fundamental properties of topological edge states.
Researchers investigate electronic charges that form stripe patterns in lanthanum nickelate, discovering unexpected dynamics when using terahertz laser pulses to disrupt microscopic order. The study provides fundamental insights into the interactions between electrons and crystal lattice vibrations.
Researchers have created a molecule that harnesses the power of unpaired electrons to create permanent magnetism. The 'messenger electron' plays a crucial role in controlling the spins of these electrons, resulting in added strength and durability.
The study confirms years of theoretical work and shows attophysics is ready to tackle complex molecules. Researchers used extremely short laser pulses and sensitive detection to distinguish between electrons with minimal speed difference.
The CALET experiment has successfully measured the cosmic-ray electron spectrum up to 3 TeV, providing insight into the origin and acceleration of cosmic rays. The findings suggest the presence of nearby astrophysical sources, such as pulsars or dark matter annihilation.
Physicists have successfully demonstrated the observation of wave properties in massive particles at room temperature. This breakthrough allows for the study of quantum effects in particle collisions that were previously unobservable.
The study used 3D models to simulate electron emissions from photocathodes with flat and varied surface roughness. The results improved understanding of how smooth surfaces must be and over what spatial scales, aiding in the design of ultra-bright photon and electron sources.
Researchers have demonstrated that incoherent electrons can induce coherence in molecular systems through attachment, leading to the ejection of ions in a preferred direction. This breakthrough has significant implications for controlling chemical reactions using photons and understanding the dynamics of excited molecular negative ions.
Physicists at JILA have confirmed the leading results on electron roundness using a unique spinning molecule technique, measuring its symmetry to provide new insights into fundamental physics and potential fossils of ancient asymmetry. The method offers future potential for more sensitive searches and tests of natural constants.
Researchers at UC Riverside developed a photodetector that doubles its efficiency by combining two distinct materials, producing quantum mechanical processes. This breakthrough can revolutionize the way solar energy is collected.
Researchers have successfully modelled electrons under extreme temperatures and densities, providing new insights into fusion experiments and potentially leading to a clean source of energy. The study solves a decades-old problem in physics by accurately simulating the thermodynamic properties of interacting electrons.
The 12 GeV Upgrade Project has tripled CEBAF's original operating energy, enabling precise imaging of nuclei and searches for exotic new particles. This upgrades allows researchers to explore the fundamental building blocks of matter at a scale previously inaccessible.
Scientists have designed a new single-site catalyst that speeds up the rate of water oxidation, releasing protons and electrons that can be used to create hydrogen fuel. The catalyst improves upon previous designs, achieving a comparable rate to natural photosynthesis per catalytic site.
Scientists have successfully tracked an electron leaving the vicinity of an atom as it absorbs light, allowing for the classification of quantum mechanical behavior of electrons from different atoms. The breakthrough could eventually lead to controlling electrons' behavior inside matter and creating new states of matter.
Researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University have discovered a stable tri-anion particle, made of boron and beryllium and cyanogen, which could be used in aluminum ion batteries. The discovery was recognized as a VIP paper by Angewandte Chemie and has potential applications in various industries.
Researchers have theoretically proved the existence of a novel class of materials for use in spin-valley-tronics. The discovery could lead to advancements in implantable devices and systems, leveraging the properties of dielectric materials with two valleys.
Researchers studied electron beam interactions with furfural gas to establish benchmark evaluation of low-energy electron scattering cross-sections and energy loss estimates. The analysis provided valuable insights into the energy characteristics of furfural biogas, a promising candidate for alternative biofuels.
Researchers at HZDR develop a method to control the number of electrons fed into the process, achieving ideal conditions for improved beam quality. This leads to peak currents of up to 150 kiloamperes, exceeding modern large-scale research accelerators.
Experiments at Argonne National Laboratory reveal stable energy states and collective spin in lead-208 nuclei. This challenges the assumption that spherical nuclei do not spin.
A team of Russian and Chinese scientists has developed a model explaining the nature of high-energy cosmic rays in our Galaxy, focusing on Fermi bubbles. They propose that giant shock fronts can re-accelerate protons to energies exceeding 1015 eV, producing the observed CR spectrum above the 'knee'.
The ISS-CREAM mission will study cosmic rays at energies above 1 billion electron volts, shedding light on their origins and properties. The experiment aims to measure the highest-energy particles yet detected in space, providing unparalleled insights into the interstellar neighborhood.
The team achieved an unprecedented wavelength and demonstrated the potential to capture slow-motion video of electrons in atoms and molecules with attosecond light pulses. This breakthrough has significant implications for improving the efficiency of solar panels by understanding photosynthesis.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory have discovered a new behavior by electrons in high-temperature superconductors, challenging a cornerstone of condensed matter physics. The symmetry-breaking flow of electrons persists up to room temperature and across the range of chemical compositions examined.
Scientists use electron pulses to create and manipulate nanoscale magnetic excitations that can store data, confirming dynamic understandings provided by theory. Tailored electron pulses can swiftly write, erase or switch topologically protected magnetic textures such as skyrmions.
Proton movement in ceramic fuel cells follows polaron model, allowing for increased conductivity. The discovery sheds new light on material choice for sustainable energy and hydrogen storage systems.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have successfully identified and decelerated runaway electrons in a fusion reactor. This breakthrough could lead to better methods for controlling these high-energy electrons and paving the way for a functional fusion reactor.
Griffith University researchers used Australia's fastest camera to measure the time it takes for molecules to break apart, achieving a record-breaking 15 millionth of a billionth of a second. This breakthrough could help design new molecules for materials science and drug discovery.
An international team of physicists has monitored electron scattering behavior in a non-conducting material in real-time. The study reveals that electrons oscillate and collide with atoms within the material, causing energy loss, which could benefit radiotherapy.
Weyl semimetals are predicted to enable ultrafast electronics due to their unique properties. Researchers at MIPT have successfully described the behavior of surface states in these materials using topological field theory.
Researchers investigate how wall materials and structures impact secondary electron emission, which can affect plasma confinement and efficiency. They find that lithium oxide linings release more secondary electrons than other materials, highlighting the need to account for reactivity in fusion models.
Researchers at PPPL have discovered a source of fast magnetic reconnection in plasma, which could lead to more accurate predictions of damaging space weather and improved fusion experiments. The finding shows how electron pressure accelerates the process, balancing electric current and preventing halting the reconnection process.
The CEBAF accelerator has successfully delivered upgrade-energy electron beams into two of its experimental areas, Halls B and C. The upgrades mark progress toward the final DOE approval step for project completion.
Researchers use picosecond time resolution to investigate ultrafast radiation chemistry occurring immediately after protons interact with water. The new approach allows for high detail capture of rapid chemical evolution, revealing a delay in the formation of absorption bands after proton exposure.
Researchers at the University of Kansas have observed counterintuitive motion of electrons during experiments, moving from top to bottom layer without being spotted in the middle. This quantum transport efficiency is promising for new materials in solar cells and electronics.
Researchers at FAU successfully generate electron packets with lengths of 1.3 femtoseconds, enabling imaging of atomic movements on ultra-short time scales. The method uses laser-controlled acceleration, deceleration, and deflection of electrons, paving the way for ultra-high resolution electron microscopes.
New observations from NASA's Van Allen Probes mission show that relativistic electrons, the fastest and most energetic particles in the inner radiation belt, are not present as much of the time as previously assumed. This discovery has significant implications for spacecraft design and opens up new avenues for scientific study.
The team successfully controlled the peaks of laser pulses and twisted light, moving electrons faster and more efficiently than electrical currents. This achievement brings us closer to developing fast 'lightwave' computers that can process information up to 100,000 times faster than current electronics.
Researchers at MIT have discovered a new method to control electrons in two-dimensional materials, potentially paving the way for valleytronic devices with enhanced control over electronic valleys. This breakthrough could lead to faster, more efficient data storage and computer logic systems.
A seven-year experiment has confirmed that two photons are indeed exchanged during electron-proton interactions, contradicting theoretical predictions. The OLYMPUS study, led by MIT researchers, used polarized electron beams to measure the intensity of scattered electrons at different angles.
Scientists have made groundbreaking discoveries about the movement of supercool electrons on a liquid helium surface, shedding light on their behavior and potential applications in quantum computing. The research aims to create a scalable system with mobile qubits, paving the way for significant advancements in the field.
Recent studies in density functional theory (DFT) have raised concerns about the accuracy of approximations used in computational chemistry. Researchers found that even with improved energy calculations, the quality of electron density simulations worsened over time. This contradiction highlights a fundamental flaw in DFT's approach.
Researchers attribute graphene's high conductivity to accelerating effect of electrons interacting with photons in a weak magnetic field. The study uses pseudo-quantum electrodynamics to model electron-photon interactions across space-time dimensions.
Scientists at the University of Bonn have successfully observed an important cell protein in action using a novel method that measures structural changes within complex molecules. This breakthrough allows researchers to elucidate cellular processes in their natural environment.
Physicists at the University of Würzburg have discovered a new electronic state in topological crystalline insulators, creating conductive channels for electrical currents. The channels are narrow and robust, making the materials suitable for ultra-fast and energy-efficient computers.
Researchers at FAU successfully control electron pulses using laser delays, exhibiting quantum path interference and opening doors for time-resolved electron microscopy. The discovery could lead to complex electron pulses in the future, revolutionizing surface coherence research.