Articles tagged with Electrons
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Four Kiel University instruments will measure electrons, protons and ions in the Solar Orbiter space probe. The instruments passed tests with flying colours, providing valuable insights into sun particle radiation and its effect on Earth.
Researchers at DESY and MIT create a miniaturized electron gun that accelerates electrons to high speeds using terahertz radiation. The device has the potential to revolutionize ultrafast electron diffraction experiments and enable new applications in physics and materials science.
Researchers at MIT and Germany describe a new technique for generating ultrashort electron bursts, potentially leading to a shoebox-sized device that consumes less power than car-size laboratory devices. This could enable real-time imaging of cellular machinery in action with attosecond X-ray pulses.
Researchers have created a qubit in zinc selenide, enabling the transfer of quantum information at the speed of light. The new technique shows that it is possible to create a qubit faster than with all existing methods.
Physicists adapt BCS theory to externally drive phonon interaction, elevating critical temperature and creating higher-temperature superconductors. Theoretical approach reveals controlled elevation of critical temperature through time-averaging procedure.
Researchers at TU Wien and Germany have developed a method to study the time structure of quantum jumps, which are extremely fast state changes in atoms. The experiment showed that the duration of two different ionization processes can be distinguished, revealing new insights into the physics of ultrashort time scales.
Physicist Chris Greene and his team observed a butterfly Rydberg molecule, a weak pairing of two highly excitable atoms that was predicted to exist more than a decade ago. The discovery validates the theoretical approach and opens up new possibilities for molecular scale electronics or machines.
Researchers at General Atomics have developed a gamma ray camera to image energetic electrons in ultra-hot fusion plasma, providing unprecedented insights into their behavior. The device reveals that radiation forces can sap high-energy electrons, while collisions with other electrons are more effective at lower energies.
Researchers at Goethe University Frankfurt have developed a new non-metal catalyst that can split the hydrogen molecule under mild conditions. The process requires only an electron source and has potential applications in energy production, chemical synthesis, and the semiconductor industry.
Electron orbits are directly visualized in a high-magnetic field, showing a quantum fluid state with unique elliptical paths. The discovery could inspire new electronics technologies, particularly in valleytronics and two-dimensional materials.
Scientists discovered that defect states can be used to detect occupation of trap sites, enabling new studies on developing novel technologies. They found that coherent microwave fields can dynamically mediate the occupation of defects states, consistent with two-level systems.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in transmitting spin information through superconducting materials, solving a major challenge for quantum computing. The discovery could lead to the development of more powerful computers capable of processing multiple spin states simultaneously.
The MINOS and Daya Bay experiments have published a paper that sheds new light on sterile neutrinos. The joint analysis excludes most possible sterile neutrino oscillation scenarios that could explain the LSND result, significantly shrinking the hiding space for a light sterile neutrino.
Researchers from Bar-Ilan University and Harvard University developed a mathematical tool to visualize electron shapes in superconducting materials. This innovation helps gain a better understanding of complex material properties, paving the way for future discoveries.
Researchers at SLAC used the ultrafast electron diffraction method to capture atomic nuclei in molecules vibrating within millionths of a billionth of a second. This technique provides new opportunities for precise studies of dynamic processes in biology, chemistry, and materials science.
Researchers at Trinity College Dublin and Fudan University in Shanghai have discovered that electrons with no mass can acquire a mass in the presence of an extremely high magnetic field. This finding represents a significant breakthrough in fundamental physics, opening up new possibilities for research in high-energy physics.
Researchers from TU Wien, Aachen, and Manchester successfully created artificial atoms in graphene by confining electrons to small spaces. This innovation enables the preservation of arbitrary superpositions for a long time, ideal properties for quantum computers.
Researchers at Imperial College London have discovered a way to bind light to a single electron, merging their properties. This breakthrough could lead to the development of robust photonic circuits that are less vulnerable to disruption.
Scientists have successfully realised qubits in a novel form, leveraging electron holes to overcome interference issues. This breakthrough offers potential improvements in programming and reading quantum bits for future quantum computers.
Researchers create ultrafast electron imaging instrument to map electromagnetic fields oscillating at billions of cycles per second. The new technology enables precise detection and measurement of tiny, rapidly oscillating electromagnetic fields.
A research team has demonstrated that energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) can be used to image individual electron orbits within atoms. This technique allows for penetration down to the subatomic level, opening up new possibilities for the study of atomic structures.
Researchers have successfully coupled the nuclear spins of distant atoms using just one electron, leveraging quantum theory to overcome limitations in spin qubit stability. The experiment, led by Prof. Richard Warburton at the University of Basel, demonstrates an unprecedented distance of up to five nanometers.
A new description of electron scattering in surface layers enables faster materials analysis and better understanding of sample properties. The theoretical tools used in spectroscopies can exhibit great 'malice', but a new analytical method simplifies calculations of the Chandrasekhar function, reducing errors.
Researchers found charge density waves extending deeply into superconducting regions, allowing for new ways to manipulate superconductivity. The discovery paves the way to controlling the superconducting state itself.
Researchers have developed a framework to manipulate DNA's conductivity by varying its sequence, length, and stacking configuration. This enables the creation of stable and efficient DNA nanowires with potential applications in gene damage identification and novel electronics.
A team of researchers has engineered a DNA nanowire with alternating guanine bases to facilitate long-range wave-like electronic motions. This breakthrough may lead to the development of stable, efficient, and tunable DNA nanoscale devices.
The discovery could lead to more efficient conversion of sunlight into electricity and fuel by minimizing the distance electrons travel through chemical bonds. This finding has implications for both solar fuel devices and biological systems, where understanding electron transfer is crucial.
Researchers have experimentally confirmed a mathematical model describing the distribution of delocalized electrons in molecules and crystals. The study uses X-ray diffraction data to demonstrate the approach's ability to detect electron delocalization, paving the way for new understanding of chemical bonding.
BARREL's observations showed the open-closed boundary moving within minutes, providing a map of its location. Scientists can now refine simulations of how magnetic fields change around Earth due to this precise mapping.
Researchers at Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences have discovered a new phase transition in an oxide material, enhancing the performance of solid oxide fuel cells. This breakthrough could lead to more robust and efficient fuel cells with reduced emissions.
NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale mission has observed the first direct measurements of magnetic reconnection, a key driver of space radiation. The research reveals that electrons dominate this process, shedding light on its mysteries.
Scientists capture direct measurements of electron movement in magnetic reconnection, shedding light on geomagnetic storms and auroras. The MMS Mission provides unprecedented insights into the explosive phenomenon, which plays a key role in disrupting communications systems and satellites.
Researchers at University of Chicago have developed a new device that captures trapped electrons and manipulates them using superconducting quantum circuits. The team successfully holds electrons in place for up to 12 hours, leveraging the unique properties of liquid helium to isolate individual electrons.
A novel system uses thin slivers of diamond to measure electron beam polarization with unprecedented accuracy. The diamond-based detector provides direct and accurate measurements, overcoming previous uncertainties caused by laser beam distortions.
Researchers at PPPL discovered that the bootstrap current is mostly carried by magnetically trapped electrons, contradicting previous understanding. This finding provides a new explanation for the large size of the bootstrap current at the tokamak edge.
Scientists at LMU and MPQ create a technique for controlling ultrafast electron pulses, enabling the visualization of atoms and electrons in motion. This breakthrough could lead to new photonic and electronic materials and devices.
Physicists at Ames Laboratory have discovered a topological metal, PtSn4, with a high density of conduction electrons and large number of closely positioned Dirac points. This discovery may lead to energy-efficient computers with increased processor speeds and data storage.
Researchers develop a new approach to coupling Rydberg atoms to surfaces, reducing electric fields and enabling hybrid quantum systems. The findings show promise for the second quantum revolution in engineering quantum matter with arbitrary precision.
Researchers from the Academy of Finland discovered that photoinhibition, a previously believed detrimental reaction, actually protects photosynthetic apparatus by altering function to dissipate excess energy. This finding challenges previous understanding of photosynthesis' different photosystems and their roles.
Researchers observed electrons sinking into crystal depths via special channels, unlike standard materials. The study's results suggest a better understanding of topological materials could lead to faster electronic devices.
Scientists at the University of California, Riverside have created a way to observe electrons cooling off in just 30 quadrillionths of a second. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient devices for visual displays, solar cells, and optical communications.
The study finds that the shape of the radiation belts varies depending on electron energy levels, resulting in different structures during geomagnetic storms. The new data from the Van Allen Probes satellites provide a more detailed understanding of the dynamics, enabling scientists to create a more precise model.
Scientists have successfully implemented an innovative scheme to increase proton collision rates at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), resulting in doubled peak and average luminosity measures. This enables researchers to collect more data to answer important questions about proton spin and nuclear physics.
Researchers at Boston College have developed a new type of cross coupling chemical reaction using a third reactant, expanding on the pioneering Suzuki-Miyaura coupling method. The resulting 'conjunctive' reaction takes place efficiently and offers high selectivity.
Researchers at NUS have discovered a method to manipulate electrons in thin semiconductors by encapsulating them in atomically thin materials and applying external electric and magnetic fields. This technique enables reversible control of electron behavior, paving the way for new applications in high-temperature superconductivity.
Aalto researchers discover that electrons in a 'flat band' can carry electrical current, leading to potential breakthroughs in high temperature superconductivity. The key to this phenomenon lies in the quantum metric and Chern number, which measure the spread of electron waves in a crystal.
New York University researchers have received a three-year, $2 million grant to investigate new ways to deploy electrons and reconfigure physical properties. The project aims to create improved semiconductors, magnets, insulators, and other materials for faster, more energy-efficient computing devices.
Physicists have developed ultrashort electron pulses to capture atomic motions in four dimensions, providing a sharp snapshot of molecular processes. The new technique enables the visualization of single atoms and reconstruction of atomic structures, revolutionizing our understanding of molecular dynamics.
Researchers from ETH Zurich and an international group of physicists successfully track and control the movement of electrons in molecules. They observed the migration of electrons along a linear molecule, demonstrating that this process can be controlled with a time resolution of 100 attoseconds.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have successfully built an electron resonator, focusing electrons between two mirrors. The resonator's spin-coherent coupling could enable long-distance communication between quantum dots, solving a key challenge in quantum computing.
Researchers have built the first prototype of a miniature particle accelerator that uses terahertz radiation, demonstrating feasibility and potential for miniaturizing entire setups. The technology holds promise for various applications, including materials science, medicine, and particle physics.
A team of researchers has developed a detailed analysis of the electrical characteristics of double-quantum-dot transistors, which could help design better devices for manipulating single electrons. The device's stability and geometry were found to be crucial in determining its electrical parameters.
Researchers have found a way to capture high-energy electrons from plasmonic metals, opening a new pathway to efficient solar energy conversion. By coupling nano-rods of cadmium selenide with gold nanoparticles, they can harness the energy and use it to fuel chemical reactions.
Researchers Elena Belova and her team proposed a mechanism explaining why plasma fails to reach required temperatures in tokamaks. The new understanding could lead to improved control of temperature in future fusion devices, including ITER.
EPFL scientists have shown that electrons can jump through spins much faster than previously thought, challenging the notion of intermediate steps between spin jumps. The finding has profound implications for both technology and fundamental physics and chemistry, potentially offering long-awaited solutions to spintronics limitations.
Researchers at University College London have investigated positronium's behavior in collisions with hydrogen, argon, helium, and carbon dioxide gases. They found a strong preference for positronium to be emitted in the forward direction, particularly when positrons hit the gas at high speed.
Researchers successfully employed ultrafast terahertz spectroscopy to determine the basic properties of spintronics components. The study reveals significant underestimation of spin asymmetry in electron scattering, a core factor determining giant magnetoresistance.
Researchers found that electron-phonon interaction is suppressed in 2D materials due to dimensional effects, leading to increased conduction. The discovery has potential applications in the creation of future flat and flexible electronic devices.
Researchers discovered a single material, samarium hexaboride (SmB6), that displays dual metal-insulator properties, violating conventional wisdom. The material's behavior is attributed to the existence of a potential third phase, neither insulator nor conductor.
Researchers have found that carbon-based nanoparticles can produce low-energy electrons through plasmon excitation, making them more lethal to tumors and potentially inducing focused destruction of cancer cells. This breakthrough could lead to the development of novel types of sensitizers for proton radiotherapy.