Articles tagged with Electrons
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Physicists at the University of Basel have demonstrated spontaneous spin polarization in a two-dimensional material, molybdenum disulfide. The phenomenon occurs due to interactions between electrons and weak spin-orbit coupling, contradicting a well-known theorem from the 1960s.
Purdue researchers have successfully probed interference of quasiparticles using a new device. The device, built with molecular beam epitaxy, overcomes technical challenges to observe quantum mechanical effects. This breakthrough may be key to developing topological qubits and advancing quantum computing.
Rice physicists propose experiment to measure fractionalization in ultracold atoms, mimicking electrons in quantum materials. Theoretical framework could provide new insights into high-temperature superconductivity and quantum computing.
Researchers at TUM and Max Planck Institute have developed a magnetic field trap to confine positrons for over a second, a breakthrough in studying electron-positron pair plasmas. This achievement has significant implications for plasma physics and astrophysics, including the study of neutron stars and black holes.
Researchers at Princeton University observed exotic electronic properties in kagome magnets, including negative magnetism and flat-band electrons. The study used state-of-the-art scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy to explore the behavior of electrons in a kagome-patterned crystal.
Researchers discover that quarks move more slowly in larger atoms due to short-range correlated pairs, finding a long-sought explanation for the EMC effect. The study uses data from particle accelerator experiments and confirms that larger nuclei contain more such pairs, resulting in slower-moving quarks.
Researchers have found that superconductivity can be explained by applying quantum physics laws and a complex 'Feynman diagram' calculation. The new method enables a better understanding of high-temperature superconductivity.
Researchers have taken snapshots of how C60 carbon molecules react to extremely short pulses of intense infrared light, transforming its shape from round to elongated. The findings may lead to new applications in ultrafast, light-controlled electronics.
Researchers at Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) have demonstrated how microwaves interact with matter, enabling the movement of electrons. This breakthrough may help improve quantum computing by controlling electrons with precision, leading to faster and more powerful technologies.
Princeton researchers have demonstrated a new way of making controllable 'quantum wires' in the presence of a magnetic field. They found channels of conducting electrons that form between two quantum states on the surface of a bismuth crystal subjected to a high magnetic field. The current flow in these channels can be turned on and of...
Molecular vibrations in aspirin cause electron motions visible in real time for the first time through x-ray experiments. Electron distributions shift by 10,000 times larger than atomic displacements, demonstrating hybrid modes in crystal structures.
A new scale of electronegativity has been developed, providing a more comprehensive and extensive definition that can predict the approximate charge distribution in different molecules and materials. The new definition averages the binding energy of valence electrons and offers an equation to describe the total energy of an atom.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have adapted a chemical reaction pathway from plant biology to convert water into hydrogen fuel using solar energy. The new process combines two membrane-bound protein complexes, Photosystem I and II, to perform a complete conversion of water molecules to hydrogen and oxygen.
Berkeley Lab researchers discovered a distinct pattern of electron spins within exotic cuprate superconductor Bi-2212, defying traditional theories. The finding could lead to more efficient power transmission and new materials for high-temperature superconductors.
Researchers at TU Wien and China's University of Science and Technology have developed a new method to identify topologically interesting quantum states in materials. By manipulating the geometry of atomic arrangements using light waves, they can reveal clear signatures indicating whether such states exist or not.
Researchers at Kiel University developed a new computer simulations method to accurately describe dynamic properties of warm dense matter. The study provides unique insights into the behavior of electrons under extreme conditions.
Researchers at the University of Malaga have discovered that sulfur atoms can exhibit both donative and repulsive behavior, leading to the creation of more stable and functional organic diradicals. These findings have significant implications for various scientific fields, including chemistry and environmental science.
Researchers create algorithm to predict tunneling ionization rates for complex molecules, potentially controlling electron motion and chemical reactions. This breakthrough enables precise calculations of probabilities and opens up new areas of science and technology applications.
Developed by HZB teams, the photocathodes exhibit high quantum efficiency and stability, crucial for superconducting electron sources. The new process delivers desired performance, with quantum efficiency remaining high even at low temperatures.
Researchers at Penn State have developed a system to manipulate electrons based on their energy and momentum, enabling controlled partitioning of electron flow. This technology could potentially be used to create 'color-coded' roads for electrons, revolutionizing the field of electronics.
Electrical engineers at TU Darmstadt have designed a laser-driven electron accelerator that can be produced on a silicon chip, enabling inexpensive and compact particle accelerators. The design uses an alternating-phase focusing method to focus electrons in a narrow channel, promising applications in industry and medicine.
Researchers discovered a two-dimensional material that can become a magnetic topological insulator even without an external magnetic field. The material, chromium triiodide (CrI3), exhibits collective spin excitations called magnons, which behave similarly to photon waves.
Physicists have characterised higher energy levels reached by electrons in resonance with positronium ions, a complex three-particle system. The new model provides guidance for experimentalists to observe these resonant structures, potentially leading to breakthroughs in atomic and nuclear physics.
Researchers at Northwestern University have confirmed that an electron's charge is perfectly spherical, strengthening the Standard Model of particle physics. The study excluded alternative models that predicted the electron's shape would be asymmetrically squished, potentially revealing unknown heavy particles.
Researchers at Yale, Harvard, and Northwestern universities used a unique process to fire a beam of molecules into lasers, revealing the electron's round, negative charge. The findings support the Standard Model of particle physics and challenge alternative theories.
Researchers at the University of Alberta and Quantum Silicon Inc. have developed an atomic ultra-efficient electronics technology, enabling bespoke atomic patterns to control electrons. This innovation simulates neural networks, potentially training AI models more rapidly and accurately.
A team of physicists has achieved a groundbreaking experiment accelerating electrons to high energies using a new method called plasma wakefield acceleration. This technology has the potential to drastically reduce the size and cost of future particle accelerators.
Researchers find that widely-used correction methods are based on a faulty assumption, potentially leading to inaccurate predictions. The team proposes new universal method for prediction that works for the right reasons.
Researchers have developed an ultrafast optical fiber-based electron gun to directly observe and capture atomic motions at surfaces and interfaces. The device uses low-energy electron pulses and a streak camera to achieve subpicosecond temporal resolution, revealing the transition state during chemical processes.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have developed a new fuel cell concept that uses an organic compound called quinone to shuttle electrons and protons, increasing energy efficiency by 100 times compared to previous designs. The design also reduces costs by using lower-cost metals like cobalt as catalysts.
Researchers at Vienna University of Technology have successfully measured the duration of the photoelectric effect, a crucial process in quantum physics. The results reveal that different quantum jumps take varying amounts of time, ranging from 100 to 45 attoseconds for electrons from tungsten atoms.
Scientists have developed a way to wrap photocathodes in graphene to prevent degradation and extend their lifetimes. The thin layer of graphene provides insulation from air without hampering charge mobility or quantum efficiency.
Researchers used ultracold lithium atoms to verify a theory predicting collective behavior in one-dimensional wires. The study confirmed the predicted speed of charge waves and spin waves as a function of interaction strength, setting the stage for further investigation into strongly correlated electron physics.
Researchers from Konstanz and Munich have successfully directed and controlled ultrashort electron pulses using laser light cycles, enabling precise material studies in the femtosecond and attosecond range. This achievement has significant implications for ultrafast materials research and the production of intense X-ray flashes.
A Princeton-led study reveals that electrons congregate in one valley of bismuth crystals, creating a type of electricity called ferroelectricity. This emergent behavior has the potential to enhance modern electronic devices and inspire new technologies.
A study at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility found that protons in neutron-rich nuclei have higher momentum than neutrons due to short-range correlations, which may impact neutron star dynamics. The research, published in Nature, confirms earlier hints and quantifies the effect for the first time.
Researchers have developed a model explaining electron interactions past the Coulomb threshold in all Dirac materials, enabling better understanding of long-range interactions and potential breakthroughs in low heat dissipation devices. This discovery could lead to faster processor performance with reduced power leakage.
Researchers have discovered that nanoribbons can trap individual localized electrons, potentially enabling new quantum materials with unique electronic and magnetic properties. The discovery was made by combining theoretical predictions with experimental synthesis, using topological insulators as a starting point.
Researchers propose a refined approximation of the photo-excitation equation that describes the effect of photons on rhodopsin protein in eyes. The study has implications for other molecules, like azobenzene, and demonstrates tunnelling process to populate excited states.
Physicists discovered that charge density waves (CDW) compete with superconductivity for conduction electrons, but also assist through phonon coupling. At a certain threshold level of disorder, CDW disappears and superconducting transition temperature is reduced.
Researchers have developed a theory to create electron flashes within zeptosecond timeframes, potentially increasing nuclear reaction energy yield. This breakthrough could advance fields like spectroscopy and quantum information processing.
A new study investigates the extremely rapid changes in electron density in specific sites of the caffeine molecule using ultra-fast laser pulses. The results show that positive charge migration along a molecular backbone depends on the timing and interplay of ionisation channels.
The team's device can produce one billion electrons per second and uses quantum mechanics to control them. This breakthrough paves the way for future quantum information processing applications, including defence, cybersecurity and encryption.
Researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University have created a new approach to synthesize metal-based superatoms that can effectively move charges while maintaining structural stability. This innovation could lead to the development of more efficient batteries and better semiconductors, essential components of computerized devices.
Researchers have developed a method to analyze electron flow in graphene nanoribbons using a simplified physics model. This approach uses a matching method to calculate transmission properties of electrons through the junction.
Researchers have developed a new method to predict molecular conductivity by calculating interactions between pairs of electrons, resulting in improved accuracy and reduced computational costs. The approach has been shown to outperform traditional models by one-to-two orders of magnitude.
Researchers at Kiel University developed a novel computer simulation technique to predict electron behavior under extreme conditions, providing the first exact data on thermodynamic properties. The results allow for benchmarking and improving previous models, paving the way for advancements in materials science and quantum physics.
Researchers at FAU successfully generated controlled electron pulses in the attosecond range using optical travelling waves formed by laser pulses. This breakthrough enables ultrafast movements to be tracked, such as vibrations in atomic lattices and molecular bonds in chemical reactions.
Researchers optimize system to drive two-electron chemical reactions, significantly improving efficiency over one-electron reactions. The discovery enables the conversion of CO2 into liquid fuels, paving the way for practical carbon-recycling systems.
Researchers have devised a new diagnostic tool to measure the brightness and size of high-brightness beams at particle accelerators. The 'charge density monitor' can accurately measure micron-sized beams with femtosecond pulses, enabling precise measurements of fundamental physics in high-energy beam experiments.
Scientists at the Max Born Institute refined our understanding of strong-field processes like high harmonic generation and laser-induced electron diffraction. The study shows that returning electrons retain structural information on their initial molecular orbital, contradicting a commonly held assumption.
Researchers at University of Strathclyde and Capital Normal University have developed a new source of intense terahertz radiation with unprecedented efficiency. This breakthrough could lead to new advances in science and technology, including the identification of normally hidden phenomena and unique control of matter.
A team of scientists from Arizona State University has re-thought the evolutionary history of photochemical reaction centers (RCs). They propose a new pathway that ancient organisms may have taken to evolve the great variety of photosynthetic RCs seen today.
Researchers found that plasmoid reconnection in Mercury's magnetotail could accelerate energetic electrons, solving a puzzle left by previous space missions. The study also revealed that turbulence enhances reconnection, leading to improved predictions for future missions like Bepi-Colombo.
Researchers at UNIGE and MBI successfully place an electron in a dual state, neither free nor bound, and regulate its electronic structure. They also discover that high-intensity lasers can amplify light, enabling new possibilities for intense laser propagation in gases.
A team of researchers from the University of Maryland has discovered a new type of superconductivity in the material YPtBi, which relies on highly unusual electron interactions. The discovery challenges conventional theory and opens up new possibilities for exotic materials.
Scientists have captured compelling evidence for Majorana quasiparticles, which are predicted to form the backbone of a type of quantum computer. The latest experiment uses ultra-thin semiconductor and superconducting aluminum to unlock the particles' presence, with results confirming theoretical predictions and demonstrating robustness.
Researchers at Lomonosov Moscow State University and international colleagues determine ultrashort X-ray laser pulse energy and time characteristics using the angular streaking method. This allows for individual pulse measurement with high temporal resolution, opening up new avenues for studying ultra-fast molecular processes.
Physicists at MSU used high harmonics spectroscopy to study the behavior of electrons in a dielectric material. They found that ultra-short laser pulses can turn the material into a conductor by increasing its kinetic energy and changing its many-body state.
Researchers propose a new particle detector design using doped gallium arsenide crystals that can scan for dark matter signals at lower energies. The technology has the potential to detect particles in the mass range measured in millions of electron volts, expanding the search for dark matter.