Articles tagged with Fluids
A new study found that women with a Lactobacillus-dominated microbiota in their uterine cavity had significantly lower rates of implantation, pregnancy, and live birth compared to those with non-Lactobacillus-dominated microbiota. This research suggests that the endometrial microbiome may play a crucial role in reproductive success.
Scientists at UCSB developed a powerful new technique to measure the mechanical properties of cells in living tissues, shedding light on how cells respond to biochemical and mechanical cues. The method reveals that cells perceive their natural habitat as a fluid-like environment, with varying stiffness and viscosity along the body axis.
A case report highlights the risks of water intoxication in patients with urinary tract infections. Doctors recommend reevaluating hydration advice due to a lack of evidence, citing a high mortality rate for hyponatraemia.
A recent study has identified a link between cerebrospinal fluid volume changes and visual impairment in long-duration space missions. The findings suggest that the increased fluid pressure in microgravity may cause structural changes in the eye, leading to blurry vision and other symptoms.
Viscoelastic polymer solutions exhibit elasticity, causing severe distortions in observed flow patterns. Researchers also studied 'living polymers', finding unique flow patterns with blockages in the channel.
Researchers at the University of Surrey have created a new diagnostic test for cocaine in urine and oral fluid, enabling sensitive and accurate detection. The compact mass spectrometer-based test offers quantitative data on cocaine levels, potentially revolutionizing scenarios requiring rapid drug testing.
Researchers from UNC-Chapel Hill create method for sculpting chemical spread, with implications in medicine, chemistry and environmental management. By adjusting pipe width and height, solutes can be delivered fast or slow to reach target.
A study published in Scientific Reports found that endometriosis severely compromises egg quality by blocking maturation and causing damage from reactive oxygen species. Antioxidants may help prevent this damage, providing a potential solution for women struggling with infertility.
Acoustic waves were used to manipulate fluids in nanoslits, enabling the creation of small, portable devices for sorting cells, filtering particles, and sensing biological components. The technology has the potential to revolutionize fields like drug discovery and microrobotics.
Stanford scientists created detailed stress maps to understand earthquake triggers in Texas and Oklahoma, identifying problematic faults and ideal orientations for earthquakes. The maps help predict seismic activity resulting from fluid injection, enabling companies and regulators to avoid these faults and prevent induced earthquakes.
Researchers at the University of Oxford have developed a simple solution to prevent splashback of harmful or unhygienic fluids, including using soft materials like silicone to create a barrier. The technique has potential applications in hospitals, kitchens, and even urinals to reduce the risk of disease transmission.
Researchers have recreated the universe's origins and nature of matter by simulating high-energy nuclear collisions. The simulations show that the quark-gluon plasma exhibits a twisting, whirlpool-like structure, with swirling rings and vortices that can be measured experimentally.
A new material, MAGSS, can be applied to any surface to repel ice, outperforming existing technology in extreme environments. It has a lower freezing threshold than current technology, potentially improving safety in aviation and energy infrastructure.
A new study identifies calciprotein particles as a culprit in premature birth, a leading cause of infant death and disability. The research suggests therapies or dietary supplements blocking these particle formations could prevent preterm birth.
The American College of Physicians recommends using corticosteroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or colchicine to treat patients with acute gout. The guideline also advises against long-term uric acid-lowering therapy in most patients after a first gout attack.
Researchers found that consuming an ice slurry mixture was as effective as ambient water even when consumed in half the quantity, reducing physiological strain and heat production. The study suggests that temperature of the fluid may be as important as volume when managing thermoregulation in hot environments.
A new Duke University study reveals that most fracking wastewater comes from naturally occurring brines, not man-made chemicals, accounting for over 92% of the flowback and produced water. While these brines carry risks, they also have potential beneficial re-uses, particularly in areas with scarce freshwater.
Researchers developed a new way to drive fluid droplets across surfaces in a precisely controlled manner using temperature differences. The method opens up possibilities for highly adaptable microfluidic devices and de-icing technologies.
A new study found that neuropilin 2 deficiency leads to excessive and prolonged fluid build-up after inflammation, causing edema. The research also revealed a novel hypothesis that endogenous Semaphorin 3F protein inhibits vascular permeability and edema.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new microencapsulation technique that produces uniform, multilayered particles with high consistency. The technique uses 3D printing to create emitters that encapsulate materials, enabling efficient production of particles for pharmaceuticals and other applications.
Bacteria can form biofilms that break and float away, spreading infection. Researchers are studying the conditions under which these biofilms break down.
Researchers at MIT have developed a simple equation to predict the force required to push objects through sand, using resistive force theory. The equation can be used to optimize vehicles driving over gravel and soil, as well as animals burrowing through earth.
A new device developed by MIT and Connecticut Children's Medical Center could significantly improve doctors' ability to accurately diagnose ear infections. The shortwave infrared instrument can penetrate deeper into the tissues of the ear than existing otoscopes, revealing buildups of fluid behind the eardrum more clearly.
PyFR combines highly accurate numerical methods with flexible code implementation to solve complex fluid flow problems. The software achieves over 50% of Titan's theoretical peak performance, making it ideal for industries like aerospace and wind power.
A study found that geothermal energy production in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field increased the background seismicity rate, but not in other areas. The researchers used advanced models and earthquake data to analyze the connection between geothermal production and seismic activity.
Researchers have discovered that female ocellated wrasses prefer sperm from nesting males over sneaker males, even when fertilization occurs externally. This phenomenon, known as cryptic female choice, is driven by the ovarian fluid released during spawning, which enhances sperm velocity and attraction to the egg.
Scientists found a link between overexpression of the miR-182 gene and increased eye pressure in primary open-angle glaucoma patients. The study suggests that this variation may contribute to the disease's destructive effects on vision.
Researchers at RMIT University have developed self-propelling liquid metals, a critical step towards flexible and dynamically reconfigurable soft circuit systems. The breakthrough enables liquid metal to move autonomously in three dimensions, opening the door to new applications in smart engineering solutions and biomedicine.
The August issue of Lithosphere presents papers on Tyrrhenian margin neotectonics in Italy, the Wrangellia composite terrane in Canada, and fault-related fissures in Wales. These studies provide new insights into Quaternary travertine deposits, thermochronology data, and paleofluid circulation in faults.
Researchers at UBC and PSI developed a microneedle system that measures drug levels in patients' bloodstream without drawing blood. The system uses a tiny needle to collect a small sample of fluid beneath the skin, allowing for quick and easy monitoring of vancomycin levels.
When bacteria are confined to millimeter-sized, fluid-filled oval tracks, they quickly organize into a collective motion, with individuals moving in opposite directions. The research, published in the New Journal of Physics, shows that mechanical interactions between bacteria and their surroundings drive this complex behavior.
Researchers from Oxford University used computer simulations to demonstrate how chaotic bacterial swarming can be organized to power microscopic rotors and devices. The study found that densely packed bacteria can spontaneously assemble into a 'bacterial windfarm' capable of generating persistent mechanical power.
Scientists have discovered that tiny cilia on specialized cells create complex networks of dynamic flows that transport molecular 'freight' to specific destinations in the brain. These flows, powered by synchronized beating movements, could play a crucial role in distributing essential messenger substances.
Researchers at OIST Graduate University have successfully captured the spreading of a droplet as it interacts with another mixable liquid for the first time. The study reveals that the droplets spread in a way resembling a 'hat' shape, with the brim continuing to expand over time until fully integrated into the second liquid.
Researchers at University of Houston discovered a graphene-based Janus amphiphilic nanosheet that achieves 15 percent tertiary oil recovery at a low concentration of 0.01 percent, comparable to expensive methods. This breakthrough makes the process more environmentally friendly and cost-effective.
Russell Johns and his team aim to revolutionize alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding to improve oil recovery efficiency and production, benefiting the US energy sector and surfactant industry. They will develop methods for creating optimal chemical balances and simulate fluid behavior in reservoirs to predict oil recoveries.
A new study suggests that oral cannabidiol may convert to the psychoactive compound THC in the stomach, potentially leading to adverse effects. The research found that gastric fluids can convert CBD into THC, which could explain why some children treated with CBD for epilepsy experienced unexpectedly high rates of sleepiness and fatigue.
A new model developed by researchers at Shanghai Jiao Tong University provides a fuller understanding of supercooled large droplet icing mechanisms. The model identifies a different icing mechanism than previously identified and incorporates heat generated from impact thermodynamics.
Researchers identified two distinct brain biomarkers associated with fluid intelligence: brain volume and NAA concentration. The findings suggest that specific brain properties contribute to different aspects of problem-solving abilities.
The study discovered that microstructure has a significant effect on suspension behavior under compression, with cellulose fibers showing more uniform solid fraction than nylon fibers. The two-phase model predicts the evolution of solid fraction and its relation to fiber and fluid phases.
A new study from the University of Washington reveals that a common type of volcano draws its lava from both the mantle and the crust, challenging traditional geological beliefs. Researchers found that the basalt's magnesium signature is similar to the crustal material, suggesting that fluid movement plays a role in seismic activity at...
Exposure to LED light for just four hours can make milk taste like cardboard, while older milk remains at high quality for two weeks when shielded from LED exposure. Consumers overwhelmingly prefer older, fresh-looking milk over newer, LED-exposed milk.
Researchers found that fluid shear forces regulate disease progression in multidrug-resistant Salmonella ST313 strains, accelerating disease onset and enhancing survival. The study's findings have significant implications for the development of therapeutics against these deadly bacteria.
Researchers at University of Waterloo created a 3-D simulation to study mode-2 internal waves that carry materials over long distances. The larger the wave bulge, the more material is carried, but instability can cause loss behind the wave.
Plants utilize microfluidics and optics to control movement, photosynthesis, and water transport, highlighting the intersection of light and fluid in plant physiology. Researchers explore how plants optimize energy conversion, conserving water through stomata control.
Ana Sofia Silva received the Best Ph.D. Thesis Award for her research on multifunctional nano-in-micro formulations for lung cancer theragnosis, proposing a new therapeutic approach to combat the disease.
Researchers discovered that high-pressure environments in solid tumors, fueled by hyaluronic acid, hinder drug delivery. Treatment with an enzyme that breaks down hyaluronic acid can restore vessel expansion and improve treatment outcomes for drug-resistant cancers.
Researchers from NIST and Georgetown University have deciphered the mechanisms behind 'oobleck''s switch between liquid and solid states. They found that shear-thickening fluids are driven primarily by frictional contacts, with hydrodynamic forces playing a supporting role at lower concentrations.
Scientists recreate aspects of bacterial design in synthetic systems, discovering that strain in complex fluids can shape the properties of soft materials. The study reveals previously unappreciated parameters governing the behavior of biological membranes and opens up new avenues for designing synthetic materials.
Researchers from Trinity College and Swedish Museum of Natural History found zircon crystals formed in younger impact craters are indistinguishable from ancient ones, suggesting many ancient crystals formed in violent impact settings. This challenges the long-held theory that these crystals formed during tectonic plate collisions.
Researchers found that altering the balance of ions in the fluid surrounding brain cells can stimulate or dampen nerve cell activity and cause brain cells to shrink while we sleep. This process facilitates waste removal and may lead to new ways to regulate the sleep-wake cycle.
Researchers discovered that rainwater can channel up the Alpine Fault and overwhelm contributions from mantle-derived fluids, focusing it onto the fault. This finding sheds light on the trigger mechanisms for major seismic events and has implications for understanding catastrophic earthquakes.
Researchers discovered that resolvin D1 promotes cartilage repair and reduces joint damage in mouse models of inflammatory arthritis. Administration of resolvin D1 dramatically reduced disease symptoms and promoted remission.
Researchers measured critical Casimir forces with two and three particles to demonstrate nonadditivity and show that these forces are crucial for designing micro-machines. The study used colloids immersed in fluid and optical tweezers to measure the effects of many-body interaction.
A team of scientists at OIST Graduate University found an unexpected spiral vortex phenomenon when liquid flows through the intersection of two channels. The researchers discovered that spirals appear as flow rates increase and disappear with decreased rates, exhibiting hysteresis in devices with large aspect ratios.
Researchers have developed a potentially life-saving drug therapy called ALM that can reduce internal blood loss by up to 60% in traumatic injuries. The treatment, administered intravenously, has shown promise in treating shock and stabilizing vital organs.
Simulating CO2 saturation in rocks could provide a breakthrough in carbon capture and storage by estimating the rocks' potential locations. Researchers at Kyushu University have developed a technique to characterize fluid displacement processes, allowing for more accurate estimation of storage capacity and leakage risk.
Researchers developed a specialized sensor to measure changing chemistry deep inside coral, revealing that carbonate ion concentrations are similar to seawater. The findings support the idea that corals have a proton pump to regulate pH and allow calcification to occur.
A team led by Julie Huber has discovered an active microbial community in cold oceanic crust at North Pond, an isolated sediment pond on the western flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The microbial community is oxygenated and heterogeneous, with distinct differences from that found in ocean bottom seawater.
A new theory predicts the mechanical response of shells, from small pharmaceutical capsules to large airplane bodies. By controlling a few key variables, engineers can create uniformly smooth shells with precisely tailored thickness, with applications far beyond the chocolate shop.