Articles tagged with Gases
Researchers from ITMO University and the University of Rochester successfully generated terahertz radiation in a liquid medium, demonstrating its efficiency comparable to solid-state sources. The team found that liquids have several advantages over gases, including higher electron density and lower pumping energy requirements.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology propose a new technology for direct utilization of CO2 in exhaust gases from heavy industries. The study demonstrates the ability of a rhenium-based catalyst to reduce low-concentration CO2 with high selectivity, offering a more viable and environmentally friendly solution.
A new model simulates and understands flow transitions in hypersonic vehicles, revealing points of transition from smooth to turbulent flows. This research has the potential to inform safer vehicle design and improve overall performance.
Researchers have developed a new plasma generator capable of removing burdensome siloxane contaminants in landfill gas, converting up to 85% into removable solid deposits. This technology has the potential to improve the use of landfill gas as energy by reducing maintenance costs and environmental impact.
Researchers have investigated the emissions of Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines and found that they produce genotoxic exhaust gases, which can increase carcinogenic potential up to 17 times higher than diesel vehicles. Retrofitting GDI engines with particle filters could improve their emission behavior.
Researchers found that around half of the 'missing' global emissions of carbon tetrachloride originated from eastern China between 2009 and 2016. Emissions have not decreased despite the phase-out of production for emissive use in 2010, with some regions potentially increasing slightly since then.
Researchers have discovered a low-temperature chemical mechanism that may have driven the formation of complex chemistry on Titan. The study, published in Nature Astronomy, challenges high-temperature theories and reveals a new path for understanding Titan's unique atmosphere.
A recent study explores the feasibility of measuring atmospheric pollutants in China using geostationatory satellites. The research recommends suitable sensor parameters for improved retrieval sensitivity and reduced errors, paving the way for more accurate monitoring and control of air pollution.
Researchers at TU Dresden developed DUT-60, a crystalline framework with the highest specific surface area and pore volume among known materials. The highly porous material can store large quantities of gases or filter toxic gases from the air.
A study of ultracold atomic gases reveals the breaking of classical symmetries, leading to new phenomena and insights into dissipationless transport. The findings have significant implications for the development of future low-energy electronics.
Scientists discovered that gas bubbles rising to the surface can alter volcanic gas composition, which affects eruption forecasts. The findings also suggest a new pathway for chemical changes in gases during large-scale eruptions.
A new model examines the relative role of random interactions between individuals in a crowd compared to interactions stemming from their eagerness to be on their way. The study reveals that internal interactions between pedestrians can be negligible, and external factors such as crowd pressure drive the flow of people toward exits.
A new device developed by Sensia Solutions can detect gas leaks and measure their amount, providing a solution to this problem at an affordable price. The technology has the potential to reduce the carbon footprint from gas leaks by up to 70%.
New NOAA study reveals unexpected increase in CFC-11 emissions, likely from new production sources in eastern Asia. This rise in emissions threatens the ozone layer recovery, with significant delays expected if remedied soon.
A team of scientists at KAUST created a porous material with tailor-made pockets to sense noxious gases, offering a promising step toward real-world devices that can monitor air quality. The MOF-based sensor can detect sulfur dioxide at concentrations as low as parts per billion in lab tests.
Researchers at CU Boulder explore galaxy NGC 6240 with two supermassive black holes, revealing how stellar winds and black hole winds combine to power down star formation. The study creates a massive cloud of gas in the shape of a butterfly, significantly impacting the galaxy's evolution.
Researchers from the University of Pittsburgh have developed a new way to store gases using porous materials, known as MOFs. This could lead to more efficient gas storage and alternative energy production methods.
Scientists from FAU, University of Leicester and University of Vigo have proven that the kinetic energy of particles in granular gases can increase temporarily due to surface adhesion. This effect contradicts Haff's law, which states that granular temperature decreases in closed systems.
Researchers used lab experiments at Berkeley Lab's Advanced Light Source to simulate chemical reactions near stars, confirming the production of pyrene and other complex hydrocarbons. The study provides insights into the origins of life's building blocks in space.
A mathematical theory explains how temperature increases in granular gases despite a decrease in total energy. The 'heating by cooling' effect has been observed in various natural systems, including interstellar dust and planetary rings.
Researchers have discovered a two-dimensional metallic material called MXene that can detect gases at very low concentrations, improving the sensitivity of chemical sensors. This could lead to early diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as ulcers, diabetes, cancer, cirrhosis, multiple sclerosis, and kidney disease.
Researchers at the University of Innsbruck used a sophisticated measurement method to create a chemical fingerprint of urban VOC emission sources. The study found that emissions from cosmetics, detergents, and food preparation contribute significantly to the total VOC burden, with some compounds leaving characteristic 'scent' in the air.
A study led by the University of Leeds found that reactive gases emitted by forests have a net cooling effect, outweighing their warming impact. This means deforestation could lead to higher temperatures than previously anticipated, highlighting the need for better understanding of forest climate impacts.
Researchers developed a method to measure ocean temperatures over the last 24'000 years with high accuracy using noble gases in Antarctic ice cores. The study shows that the concentration of noble gases in the atmosphere is strongly correlated with the average ocean temperature, allowing conclusions to be drawn about past climate states.
Researchers have developed a new method to measure the average temperature of the global ocean using noble gases in the atmosphere. By analyzing air bubbles trapped in ice cores, scientists can calculate the average global ocean temperature with high precision, providing insights into past climate cycles and modern ocean changes.
Rhyolitic magmas exhibit varying viscosities, influencing eruption styles. The Munich researchers found minor chemical constituent variations impact viscosity and destructiveness.
Researchers at The University of Tokyo's Institute of Industrial Science used advanced TEM to study gas dynamics and vibrational changes in simple gases at high temperatures. They found that some gases vibrated faster with increasing temperature, while others did not, highlighting the importance of chemical bonding in these processes.
Researchers have accurately determined the molecular structure of alpha-pinene in its gas phase. This breakthrough analysis can help scientists better detect and understand how alpha-pinene reacts with other gases in the atmosphere, producing pollutants and particles that affect health and climate.
A new model developed by Alfonso Gañán explains the origin of various phenomena, including cloud formation, wine aroma, and tire smoke. The model predicts the critical size of gas bubbles that determine the release of tiny droplets, which can generate clouds or spread flavors in the air.
Researchers have developed a mechanism for detecting molecular hydrogen using green light to illuminate a nanocrystalline composite sensor based on zinc and indium oxides. This enables gas sensors operating at room temperature.
Researchers from UBC Okanagan have developed a novel approach to control odor and pathogens in anaerobic digestion, reducing sulfuric gases by 93% and pathogenic fecal coliforms by 83%. The technique uses common commercial chemicals and has minimal annual costs of $10,000.
Gallium selenide, a 2D semiconductor, loses electrical conductivity in air due to oxidation, hindering its application in nanoelectronic devices. Encapsulating GaSe in vacuum-manufactured devices with protective layers can maintain its optoelectronic properties.
Researchers at Worcester Polytechnic Institute have developed liquid-metal membranes that appear to be lower in cost, more durable, and better at separating hydrogen than conventional membranes. This breakthrough could help reduce the cost of producing pure hydrogen for fuel-cell vehicles.
The NIST/CU team has developed a mobile ground-based system that scans and maps atmospheric gas plumes over kilometer distances. The system uses an eye-safe laser instrument to analyze the colors of light absorbed by gases, allowing for near-real-time detection of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane.
Researchers used X-ray studies to investigate the floating properties of pumice rocks, finding that surface tension plays a key role in trapping gases within the rock's pores. The study provides new insights into the longevity of these rocks, which can travel thousands of miles on ocean currents.
Researchers at KAUST developed a new fluorinated MOF that selectively adsorbs water to dry gas streams, achieving energy-efficient dehydration. The innovation requires half the energy input of conventional procedures, highlighting potential for huge efficiency savings in gas production and transport industry.
A team of researchers applied spectroscopic diagnostics to study sub- and supercritical jet disintegration, revealing trends important for improving jet propulsion systems. The Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) technique provided quantitative density data, offering new insights into fluid behavior.
Researchers used a temperature gradient to levitate ceramic, polyethylene spheres, glass bubbles, ice particles, lint strands and thistle seeds in a vacuum chamber for over an hour. The method achieved radial and vertical stability, expanding possibilities for particle dynamics and interactions in microgravity environments.
Researchers find metallic iron slivers in exceptionally large stones, indicating a liquid metal origin. The discovery provides insight into the geological formation of massive diamonds, such as the Cullinan Diamond.
Researchers aim to create 'sponge-like' materials for safe capture, storage, and release of essential small molecules. The project seeks to develop innovative nanoporous materials for efficient gas separation, storage, and release.
A new study reveals that dozens of dangerous gases are produced by lithium-ion batteries, including carbon monoxide. The researchers identified more than 100 toxic gases and found that fully charged batteries release more toxic gases than those with 50% charge.
A new method for creating industrial chemicals has been developed by researchers at Washington State University, potentially lowering production costs and energy requirements. The Fischer-Tropsch process is used to produce alcohols and aldehydes, which can be used as fuel additives and feedstock for various industries.
A vehicle's cold start is the best target for future design changes to meet tightening emissions requirements. Newer cars emit very low amounts of organic gases, with most emissions coming out immediately after starting the engine.
Researchers at Kumamoto University discovered a new method for drastically changing the color and fluorescence of a compound using oxygen and hydrogen gases. The technique uses energy from gases themselves, producing only water as a byproduct and has potential applications in detection sensors and organic semiconductors.
Researchers from Italy suggest that gas pressure, rather than magma, is causing the ground to rise near the Bay of Naples volcano. The study contradicts previous assumptions and offers a new interpretation of the Campi Flegrei's geological activity.
Researchers from KU Leuven have developed a highly sensitive electronic nose using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to detect phosphonates found in pesticides and nerve gases. The sensor can identify traces of chemical weapons or pesticide residues on food with extremely low concentrations.
Researchers have developed a new material that can capture certain gases released during nuclear fuel reprocessing at ambient temperature, potentially saving energy and reducing costs. The material, known as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), has the potential to improve nuclear fuel recycling and waste reduction.
Scientists at EPFL have discovered a material that can absorb nuclear waste gases more efficiently, cheaply and safely than current methods. The material, SBMOF-1, is a nanoporous crystal that can separate xenon and krypton at room temperature.
Researchers at Oregon State University discovered that ocean bacteria are programmed to produce two sulfur gases, dimethylsulfide and methanethiol, which play important roles in the Earth's atmosphere. These gases, released by SAR11 plankton, have been linked to cloud formation and temperature regulation.
Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry and Johannes Gutenberg University found that every movie leaves a characteristic pattern in the air, with increases in carbon dioxide and isoprene levels indicating suspense or humor. The study uses mass spectrometry to analyze exhaled air and differentiate between scenes in movies.
A new approach aims to identify planets orbiting nearby stars that support life by focusing on creating a comprehensive list of molecules in their atmospheres. Researchers have searched for thousands of potentially biogenic gas molecules, sparking new research into identifying larger molecules and their potential as signs of life.
A revolutionary new laser developed by the University of Adelaide can operate over a large range in the infrared light spectrum, allowing for sensitive detection of greenhouse gases. The laser's tunability and affordability make it a promising tool for scanning gases with high sensitivity.
Scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have developed new gas signature models to aid in locating and identifying underground nuclear tests. The models use computer simulations and field experiments to track the evolution of gases from UNEs, potentially helping inspectors identify clandestine sites within a search area.
A team of scientists has created a composite material that can selectively separate oxygen from other gases, potentially revolutionizing energy applications such as fuel cells. The new material, made by combining a MOF with a helper molecule, shows promise for being inexpensive, reusable, and easy to prepare.
A Russian scientist has developed an electronic nose that analyzes gas mixtures to diagnose diseases and detect the freshness of fruits and vegetables. The device can identify specific gases emitted by products, allowing for more accurate determination of shelf life.
New smart gas sensing pills reveal how low & high-fibre diets affect gut health, offering clues for treating gut disorders. The research found that low-fibre diets produce more hydrogen gas in the small intestine and high-fibre diets produce more methane gas in the large intestine.
Researchers from Syracuse University found that atmospheric argon and neon are trapped in minerals formed at ultra-high pressure depths within the Earth's mantle. These findings indicate that noble gases can be recycled from the atmosphere into the deep Earth, and back to the surface again through a process known as forearc recycling.
Researchers develop methods to accurately simulate methane adsorption and desorption in porous carbon, relevant for energy research and climate change mitigation. The study used computational methods to analyze molecular interactions between methane and activated carbon, providing insights into preventing gas adsorption.
Researchers developed a new method to study metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) storing gases, revealing cooperative gas-gas interactions and superlattice structures. The discovery holds promise for designing more efficient MOFs for carbon capture and hydrogen fuels.
A NASA study shows that widely used chemical coolants known as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) contribute to ozone depletion. The study found that HFC emissions cause increased warming of the stratosphere, speeding up chemical reactions that destroy ozone molecules.