Articles tagged with Gases
A NASA study shows that widely used chemical coolants known as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) contribute to ozone depletion. The study found that HFC emissions cause increased warming of the stratosphere, speeding up chemical reactions that destroy ozone molecules.
Scientists analyzed a 14.7 million-year-old eruption in the Columbia River basalt formation, finding that it produced massive amounts of lava and gas that could have reached the stratosphere. This hypothetical scenario indicates that ancient flood volcanoes may have played a significant role in altering global climate patterns.
Researchers found that a common air filter, photocatalytic oxidation (PCO), releases more dangerous chemicals than it removes, raising concerns about indoor air quality. The study's authors aim to develop new testing methods and energy-efficient technologies to improve building ventilation.
Scientists discover fiber-reinforced rock resembling Roman concrete at Campi Flegrei volcano, which helped withstand record ground swelling. The natural process mimics ancient Roman construction techniques, using chemical reactions to form a strong and durable material.
Researchers mimicked the conditions of distant planets and stars using a laboratory technique, revealing how noble gases behave under extreme pressures and temperatures. This discovery sheds light on the atmospheric and internal chemistry of celestial objects, including the mystery of Saturn's internal heat emission.
A team of UW graduate students has found a way to detect volcanic activity in the atmospheres of exoplanets during their transits. This could help choose worlds to study for possible life and determine if they are habitable. Volcanism regulates planetary temperatures, making it a key element in habitability.
Concentrations of anesthetics desflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane have been rising globally, making a small contribution to climate change. The gases are potent greenhouse-gas effects, with one kilogram of desflurane equivalent to 2,500 kilograms of carbon dioxide.
Researchers at Oregon State University have developed a low-cost sensor that can detect and analyze a wide range of gases using optical technology and nanocomposite thin-films. The sensor is highly sensitive, fast, and portable, making it suitable for applications in environmental monitoring, airport security, and industrial uses.
A new study reveals that the 2011 Japan earthquake triggered a significant release of climate-warming gases, including CFC-11 and HCFC-22, contributing to global warming. The study found that emissions increased by 21-91% over typical levels, equivalent to about 10% of Japanese vehicle emissions in 2011.
The Canadian Space Agency has delivered its hardware contribution to the ASTRO-H mission, a flagship x-ray astronomy observatory. Professor Brian McNamara will study the effects of black holes on emergent galaxies, utilizing one of the most sensitive spectrometers in orbit.
Researchers propose two novel gas-sensing systems to measure intestinal gases, which may contribute to gastrointestinal diseases. These non-invasive methods could provide medical devices that reduce medical costs and improve healthcare system efficiency.
Researchers have developed a simple and rapid device to detect volatile organic compounds on the breath, demonstrating potential for early lung cancer detection. The device can discriminate different kinds and concentrations of cancer-related biomarkers with high accuracy.
Scientists have identified a rapid increase in atmospheric concentrations of dichloromethane, a man-made substance contributing to ozone depletion. This discovery threatens the recovery of the Ozone Layer, which is still recovering from CFCs.
Researchers have developed a new sensor that can detect gaseous ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, and cyclohexanone wirelessly using a smartphone. The sensors, made from modified NFC tags, require almost no energy and can function at ambient temperatures.
Scientists have developed a system that can identify chemicals in the atmosphere from up to one kilometer away. The technique uses terahertz radiation and an infrared laser to detect toxic gases, including nerve gas, chemical spills, and industrial pollutants.
Researchers have created a new material that can detect explosives and toxic gases in seconds, offering four advantages over current detectors: sensitivity, accuracy, speed, and cost-effectiveness. The breakthrough could lead to flexible solar panels and improved public safety.
Researchers from NIST and NOAA have developed a laser-based instrument that can accurately measure greenhouse gases over long distances. The technique uses frequency combs to detect gas signatures, providing precise measurements of atmospheric composition.
Researchers created a new membrane that can remove harmful greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, including carbon dioxide, at a lower cost and higher efficiency than current technologies.
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology researchers found that corrosion of MOF layers on the surface causes surface barriers, which limit their application opportunities. Water plays a central role in this process, and water-free synthesis strategies are proposed to prevent these barriers.
Researchers propose using industrial pollution as a sign of intelligent life, which could be detectable with the James Webb Space Telescope. The team found that CFCs could be used to identify advanced civilizations, but this method requires an ideal environment, such as an Earth-like planet circling a white dwarf star.
A new porous material called CC3 effectively traps radioactive krypton and xenon gases from nuclear fuel, using less energy than conventional methods. The material's selectivity is higher than other experimental materials, making it a promising solution for removing unwanted elements.
Researchers at MIT's Quantum Photonics Laboratory have developed novel optical sensors with predicted detection levels in the parts-per-billion range. The sensors use microscopic polymer light resonators that expand in the presence of specific gases.
Scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center recreated key flavors from Titan's atmosphere using a recipe approach. The team successfully identified a previously unknown material, which showed strong aromatic characteristics.
Scientists have discovered two new chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and one new hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) in the atmosphere, which were released into the air in recent years. The discovery strengthens the argument that there are many more man-made gases in the atmosphere that could pose a threat to the ozone layer.
Researchers at Oregon State University have discovered that polyoxoniobates can degrade and decontaminate nerve agents like sarin gas, making them ideal for protective suits and clothing. The discovery could have significant implications for military and civilian protection against deadly nerve gases.
New research from UEA shows a single bacterial strain can grow on both methane and propane in natural gas, reducing pollution. This finding could help mitigate the effects of greenhouse gas emissions from natural gas seeps and human activities.
A new model shows that molecules in glassy materials settle into a fractal hierarchy of states, unifying mathematics and theory. The findings explain several behaviors seen in glasses, including avalanching, which leads to crystallization.
Researchers at Brigham Young University developed a new infrared technique to precisely characterize materials in images, enabling remote detection of nuclear weapons and other hazardous substances. The technique uses machine learning algorithms to separate incoming signals and provide unique material signatures.
Scientists have identified four new man-made gases in the atmosphere, all contributing to ozone layer destruction. The new chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbon emissions surpass pre-1990s levels, posing significant concerns for the environment.
Researchers at the University of Adelaide have developed a new type of laser that can detect very low concentrations of gases in exhaled breath and the atmosphere. The laser's high power and efficiency make it suitable for detecting gases such as methane and ethane, which are important in global warming.
Researchers at University at Buffalo have designed a new material called UBMOF-1, which can change the shape of its pores in response to ultraviolet light. This property makes it useful for applications like drug delivery and secure storage, where control over chemical compounds is crucial.
Researchers discovered that the rapid transformation from liquid to foamy state is caused by an impact, leading to cavitation. The phenomenon can be used to predict gas production in volcanic eruptions and improve boat propeller design.
Leading scientists will examine the western tropical Pacific Ocean's 'global chimney,' which shapes climate and air chemistry globally. The region fuels heat and moisture into thunderstorms that loft gases and particles into the stratosphere, influencing climate patterns.
Using a unique 'virtual toothpick' tool set, NASA's Vivek Dwivedi monitors the progress of atomic layer deposition (ALD) in real-time, optimizing conditions to deposit ultra-thin films. This innovation enables more cost-effective experimentation with ALD for various space applications.
Researchers at Jülich's Institute of Energy and Climate Research have successfully recreated the natural conditions for isoprene degradation, demonstrating efficient hydroxyl radical regeneration. This process takes place faster than previously thought and produces fewer climate-damaging ozone molecules.
Honeybees rely on floral odours to find and identify flowers. Diesel exhaust fumes alter the profile of these odours, affecting foraging efficiency and pollination. The study found that NOx gases, particularly nitrogen dioxide, are key facilitators of this change.
Researchers have developed edible films to keep produce fresh for longer periods, improving food safety and convenience. The technology uses invisible, colorless, odorless coatings made from natural materials like carnauba wax and vitamin C to prevent spoilage and discoloration.
A team of astronomers used NASA's Chandra X-ray space telescope to solve a long-standing mystery about super massive black hole accretion rates. They found that most SMBHs swallow very little cosmic material and instead reject hot gases due to their high temperatures.
Scientists have developed a method to accurately predict the adsorptive properties of crystalline MTV-MOF systems, enabling the optimization of function and control of spatial disorder. The approach uses solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements with molecular-level computational simulations.
Astronomers have discovered that the Sun's corona loops appear as a constant width due to an optical illusion, but in reality, they are tapered structures. This finding has significant implications for coronal heating models.
Chemists discovered that quantum tunnelling enables alcohol reactions in space to occur vigorously at minus 210 degrees Celsius, 50 times faster than at room temperature. The phenomenon allows for the creation of methoxy radicals under extreme cold conditions, shedding light on complex molecule formation in interstellar space.
Geochemists at Brown University have discovered noble gases can dissolve in amphibole minerals, providing a potential mechanism for their recycling between the atmosphere and Earth's interior. This finding is significant as it sheds light on how other volatiles like water and carbon are cycled.
Research reveals sulfur dioxide from volcanoes affects stratospheric aerosol concentration, cooling the climate. The study uses MIPAS data to analyze sulfur budget in the stratosphere and excludes anthropogenic sources.
Research from IIASA and the University of Helsinki found that plants release gases that stick to aerosol particles, growing them into larger-sized particles that reflect sunlight and serve as cloud droplets. This feedback loop can counteract up to 30% of warming in forested areas, particularly in regions like Finland, Siberia, and Canada.
Researchers at University of Manchester develop graphene-based membranes with high selectivity for gases and organic liquids, targeting applications in power stations, fuel cells, food packaging, and human disease detection.
A recent study found that high concentrations of methane and hydrogen in breath are associated with a higher body mass index and percentage of body fat. The presence of the microorganism Methanobrevibacter smithii may contribute to obesity by altering the balance of gut bacteria.
Computer simulations reveal that water stabilizes specific charge states on the catalyst surface, increasing efficiency and outperforming a gas phase. Researchers also found that thermodynamic conditions can control catalytic efficiency by varying pressure and temperature.
Researchers at Columbia University and Georgia Institute of Technology found that certain volatile organic gases can enhance aerosol activity, promoting cloud droplet formation. This discovery will improve climate modeling by incorporating gas-phase surfactants into cloud formation models.
A new rigid polymer sieve selectively separates gas molecules based on their sizes, allowing for highly permeable and selective gas separations. This breakthrough could lead to cheaper and more energy-efficient gas separation methods.
Researchers from the University of Alberta uncovered unique Martian atmosphere gases trapped in a meteorite, providing insights into Mars' history. The Tissint meteorite sample suggests water was present on Mars but lacks evidence of life.
The University of Colorado Boulder has developed graphene membranes with tiny pores that can efficiently separate gas molecules based on size. This technology holds promise for enhancing natural gas production while reducing carbon dioxide emissions from power plant exhaust pipes.
Scientists at the University of Nottingham have discovered a low-cost new material called NOTT-300 that can capture CO2 and SO2 with high efficiency and selectivity. The material has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to a low-carbon economy.
Researchers at Kansas State University have identified a new bound state in atoms that can hold three identical atoms together, but repel two. This discovery sheds light on matter and its composition, and may lead to breakthroughs in experiments with ultracold atomic gases.
Researchers identify plasma upflows traveling at 20 km per second, suggesting 'impulsive heating' as possible cause. The study provides new insights into understanding extreme space storms and their impact on satellite communications and power grids.
Research suggests that giant volcanic eruptions in Nicaragua over the past 70,000 years temporarily thinned the ozone layer by releasing bromine and chlorine gases. The team used a novel method to estimate gas content in lava rocks and combined it with existing data to calculate potential ozone layer depletion.
Researchers at Princeton University report that a sharp drop in mantle melting 2.5 billion years ago coincided with the Great Oxygenation Event, allowing free oxygen molecules to proliferate. The study suggests that diminished mantle melting decreased the output of reactive gases into the atmosphere.
A University of Colorado Boulder-led team developed a new monitoring system to analyze atmospheric gas emissions, separating CO2 from fossil fuels from biological sources. The method uses carbon-14 to estimate emission rates of gases impacting climate change, air quality, and ozone recovery.
Scientists at IRB Barcelona and BSC successfully extracted structural information from a triple DNA helix in gas phase, preserving its biological environment. This breakthrough could lead to the development of antigen therapy based on these DNA structures.
Researchers at UC Berkeley have developed a new iron-based material that can separate saturated hydrocarbons from unsaturated gases at high temperatures, eliminating the need for chilling. This breakthrough could lead to significant energy savings in the chemical industry, particularly in the production of plastics and fuels.
Researchers found that airborne gases get sucked into stubborn smog particles and cannot escape, leading to underestimation of organic aerosols in computer models. This finding has significant implications for understanding the effects of air pollution on public health and climate change.