Articles tagged with Gases
A team from the University of the Basque Country has successfully isolated ribose, a fundamental sugar, in the gas phase. This achievement provides crucial information about the structure and stability of sugars, which are essential for understanding the origins of life on Earth and potentially elsewhere in the universe.
Researchers around Günter Wächtershäuser demonstrate a self-generating metabolism in hot water, which leads to the formation of genetic material and the first cells. This discovery suggests that life arose billions of years ago in volcanic-hydrothermal flow ducts.
Researchers analyzed chemical measurements in the deep ocean, oil slick, and air to estimate gas and oil leak rate during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill. The new study confirms an average leak rate of 11,130 tons per day, with a range of 8,900 to 13,300 tons per day.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have recreated ancient minerals to reveal the earliest atmospheric conditions on Earth, challenging years of research on life's origins. The findings suggest an atmosphere dominated by water, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide, rather than methane-filled wasteland.
Astronomers have discovered that galaxy halos are much larger and more massive than previously thought, with up to 90% of mass undetectable by previous instruments. The new data provides a detailed picture of the chemical structure, movement, and temperature of gases in the halo.
The AGGI measures the direct climate influence of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane, showing a 29% increase since 1990. Climate warming has significant potential impacts on society, including water supplies, agriculture, ecosystems, and economies.
Researchers aim to develop rescue treatments within hours of exposure to toxic gases like mustard gas and chlorine gas. The goal is to prevent or limit progressive damage to airways and skin, as well as clear blockage of airways.
Scientists have discovered that atmospheric gases are mixed into the Earth's mantle during subduction, providing clues to the planet's birth and evolution. The study suggests a more complex history of gas dissolution than previously thought, contradicting the idea that most Earth gases were delivered by meteorites.
A new NOAA study shows that cutting emissions of non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases could slow changes in climate. By reducing emissions of these gases, warming influence could be diminished substantially within a couple of decades.
Researchers have discovered modified rhodium that changes color in response to different gases, including nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon monoxide. This finding could lead to the development of more sensitive air quality sensors.
The Hitachi Electron Microscopy Products Centre (HEMiC) has been established at Canada's National Institute for Nanotechnology, providing a wide range of electron microscopy services and research collaboration opportunities. The centre features cutting-edge microscopes, including the first H-95000 Environmental transmission electron mi...
Researchers from Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry discovered a potential therapeutic strategy for managing heart failure by modulating the interaction between hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and nitric oxide. The study found that this 'cross talk' can have positive effects on heart health and may lead to new drug therapies.
The use of stored red cells during transfusions may cause adverse effects in patients due to impaired oxygen delivery. Researchers are exploring the impact of stored blood on respiratory gases to improve blood storage methods and mitigate patient risks.
Researchers at MIT have created ultracold gas clouds that repel each other, unlike normal gases. This discovery could help explain the behavior of high-temperature superconductors and neutron stars.
Researchers have reanalyzed Stanley Miller's 1958 'primordial soup' samples and found a diverse array of organic compounds, including sulfur amino acids. The discovery supports the hypothesis that volcanoes and lightning played a key role in creating the building blocks of life on Earth.
Researchers found up to 500,000 tons of gaseous hydrocarbons emitted into the deep ocean during the Deepwater Horizon oil discharge, leading to small-scale zones of oxygen depletion. The study highlights the difficulty in separating gas-induced oxygen depletion from that due to liquid hydrocarbons.
The UChicago experiment demonstrates scale invariance and universality, showing that a two-dimensional cold-atom gas system exhibits the same properties regardless of size or temperature. The researchers' findings suggest that this type of scale invariance can be extrapolated to other systems.
PNNL has developed power-delivery devices to improve trace gas analysis and create propylene glycol from renewable sources. The lab's IncubATRTM technology enables real-time monitoring of live cells, accelerating scientific discovery and reducing animal testing.
Researchers in Bangladesh have developed a biofilter that can extract toxic ammonia from vented gases using microbes and wood charcoal. The biofilter achieved approximately 93% removal of ammonia gas within seven days.
A team of scientists led by David Valentine and John Kessler studied the behavior of methane and other natural gases in the Gulf of Mexico after the Deepwater Horizon disaster. They found that propane and ethane were responsible for most of the respiration and oxygen loss observed in deep plumes, with butane accounting for the remainder.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology are using ARPA-E funding to develop cost-effective techniques for removing large volumes of carbon dioxide from flue gases. They will use hollow-fiber composite membranes with nanoporous metal-organic framework materials to separate CO2, with the goal of achieving a 90% removal rate.
The Caltech-Canadian Space Agency partnership aims to detect signs of microbial life and geological activity on Mars. The MATMOS instrument will analyze gases in the Martian atmosphere with high sensitivity.
Mathematicians from the University of Pennsylvania have found solutions to the 140-year-old Boltzmann equation, a 7-dimensional equation that predicts gas molecule behavior. The solution provides new insights into gaseous collisions and confirms the predictions made by James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann.
Two hundred fifty-five National Academy of Sciences members, including Nobel Prize laureates, support the rigor and objectivity of climate science in a joint statement. The signers confirm fundamental conclusions about climate change based on thousands of scientists' work worldwide.
A Scripps/LLNL team has won a grant to improve greenhouse gas emissions verification using continuous atmospheric measurements. The method will focus on industrially produced gases with limited sources, aiming to create reliable computer representations of emissions activity.
A team of researchers from the University of Manchester and University of Houston used advanced analytical techniques to test volcanic gases, revealing a clear meteorite signature that suggests the atmosphere came from outer space. The study's findings imply that ancient Earth's oceans also originated from extraterrestrial materials.
Certain gases have a significantly more powerful warming impact when linked with aerosols, amplifying their effect. Methane and carbon monoxide can reduce sulfate aerosol production, leading to increased warming.
Researchers at the University of Bonn have demonstrated a method for cooling gas using laser bombardment, which works under pressure. The technique allows for rapid refrigeration capacities, enabling the creation of new states of matter and potentially leading to the development of mini fridges.
A new scrubbing process developed by PNNL uses acid gas-binding organic liquids to capture sulfur dioxide, CO2, and other acid gases. This process requires less energy than current methods and can capture double the amount of harmful gases.
Scientists have identified a unique chemical profile associated with human decomposition, which could lead to the development of a portable device for detecting bodies in disasters and solving crimes. This technology has the potential to revolutionize search and rescue efforts, saving countless lives.
Researchers at Rice University and Harvard University developed a new model to explain how noble gases are lost from the Earth's interior during mantle convection. The model suggests that both the upper and lower mantle are involved in convection, but they affect each other differently.
Researchers at NIST conducted experiments on wind-driven fires in high-rise buildings, finding that conditions can quickly spread smoke, heat, and gases through hallways and stairwells. Techniques such as blocking windows with fire-resistant materials and using 'floor below nozzle' systems showed promise in reducing hazardous conditions.
Researchers found that comets delivered necessary ingredients for life in the Earth's ancient primordial soup. The chemical composition of comets allowed them to kickstart life by providing stable proportions of noble gases.
Comets are analyzed using Swift's Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope, which separates wavelengths of ultraviolet light to study gases surrounding the icy bodies. Cometary X-ray emission is also detected, providing insights into the process of charge exchange between solar ions and comet gases.
A new theory suggests that massive emissions of halogenated gases from giant salt lakes at the end of the Permian Age contributed to the world's largest mass extinction. The researchers calculated that these emissions could have caused catastrophic effects on vegetation, leading to irreparable damage.
Two new greenhouse gases, nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) and sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2), are accumulating in the atmosphere at a rapid rate. These potent gases have significant global-warming potential and are used in industrial processes as alternatives to other harmful gases.
Researchers detect complex microbial communities in extreme environment, sustaining life on high-altitude, arid soils. Unique bacteria thrive in soil without associated fumaroles, revealing resilience of microbes to harsh conditions.
Researchers at Virginia Tech will explore the development of novel methods for delivering chemical antidotes that can mitigate the devastating effect of organophosphate-based neurotoxicants. The team aims to use nanoparticles called fullerenes to enhance their water solubility and catalytic properties, which could potentially protect a...
A $70 million CU-Boulder instrument will be installed on the Hubble Space Telescope in mid-October to study the 'fossil record' of gases in the early universe. The Cosmic Origins Spectrograph will gather information from ultraviolet light, allowing scientists to reconstruct the physical condition and evolution of the early universe.
Researchers from Michigan Technological University used meteorological balloons to measure temperature, composition and water content of volcanic gases. They detected sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and water vapor emissions with implications for remote sensing studies and neighboring residents.
Scientists have confirmed the link between greenhouse gas levels and global warming with new analysis of Antarctic ice cores extending back 800,000 years. The study reveals that current concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane are unprecedented in the past.
Research reveals female vets exposed to x-rays, anaesthetic gases, and pesticides are twice as likely to miscarry during pregnancy. The study emphasizes the need for veterinarians to prioritize preventive measures and use protective devices at work.
A recent study found that female veterinarians are twice as likely to miscarry due to exposure to anaesthetic gases and pesticides. Researchers call for clearer advice on reproductive risks for young female vets planning to become pregnant.
Researchers used a NYC high-rise as a fire laboratory to study wind-driven flame, smoke, and gas spread through corridors and stairways. Positive pressure ventilation fans and prototype devices helped control deadly heat and smoke from wind-driven fires.
Researchers have created a novel process for catching gas from the environment and holding it indefinitely in molecular-sized containers, promising improvements to greenhouse gas management and fuel cell development. The 'molecular nanovalves' system is highly controllable and recyclable, allowing for safe and efficient storage of gases.
The MIT gas sensor is a tiny energy-efficient device that can detect minute quantities of hazardous gases in 4 seconds. It uses gas chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques on a miniature scale, reducing the size and power consumption compared to current devices.
The analysis of noble gases in Stardust samples indicates that some particles match a special type of carbonaceous material found in meteorites and must have spent time near the sun. The study suggests an alternative mechanism for grain incorporation into comets, contradicting earlier formation theories.
A University of Minnesota physicist analyzed comet Wild-2 dust, finding it formed close to the infant sun and bombarded by intense radiation before being flung out. The discovery sheds light on the solar system's early stages and potential impact on Earth's atmosphere.
Yi Hua Ma, a Worcester Polytechnic Institute professor, is honored for his research on hydrogen separation using ultra-thin palladium membranes. His work has reduced the cost of generating hydrogen pure enough to power fuel cells.
Scientists analyzed neon and argon samples from NASA's Genesis mission to determine the isotopic composition of noble gases in the sun. The results show that the isotopic composition is consistent across different regimes of solar wind, indicating that measuring solar wind samples can represent the solar corona.
Argon atoms are found to be tenaciously bound in the Earth's mantle and move slowly, contradicting widely held theories. This suggests that early degassing was incomplete and primordial gases still remain trapped at great depth.
A new study by researchers at CU-Boulder finds that reactive gases, not direct emissions of particulates, form the bulk of organic haze. The study reveals that aerosols formed chemically in the air account for about two-thirds of total organic haze in urban areas and over 90% in rural areas.
A recent study by University of Illinois researchers has revealed extensive atomic and molecular spectral emission not previously seen in a mechanoluminescence event. The findings also include the first report of gas phase chemical reactions resulting from a mechanoluminescence event.
Researchers at Virginia Tech are developing an instrument to study the chemistry of gases that decompose chemical and biological warfare agents on surfaces. The goal is to predict the fate of these gases on various surfaces, including metal, metal-oxide, and polymeric materials.
Researchers propose a new model explaining the giant plume on Enceladus by dissolving gases in clathrate ice under the water ice cap. This environment allows for a Frigid Faithful plume, which produces nitrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide gases.
Two studies by researchers at the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford found that volcanic gases released during eruptions accelerate reactions leading to ozone destruction. The eruptions can destroy ozone and create localised 'holes' in the stratosphere, with even small eruptions having a significant impact.
A University of Colorado study found that winds in the polar upper stratospheric vortex led to record amounts of ozone-destroying nitrogen oxide gases in March 2006. This could have unanticipated climate consequences due to the destruction of ozone, which heats up the stratosphere.
Ocean scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery that microbes in deeply buried sediments produce energy-laden gases, including ethane and propane. This finding challenges traditional theories on the origin of these gases, which are typically associated with fossil fuel generation.
Researchers developed functionalised membranes that can separate gases with higher selectivity and capacity. These membranes are energy-saving and environmentally friendly, making them a promising solution for sustainable processes.
A recent study suggests the ozone layer is recovering, but it's unclear if it will reach pre-1980 levels. The recovery is attributed to the Montreal Protocol's ban on chlorine pollutants, but natural factors like warming temperatures and greenhouse gases may impact its stability.