Articles tagged with Infrared Radiation
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at LMU have found a novel effect in optical excitation of charge carriers in solar semiconductors, enabling more efficient conversion of infrared light into electrical power. The discovery involves resonances between light overtones and excitonic band-gaps, offering new avenues for solar cell innovation.
Researchers at ICFO have successfully confined light to a space one atom thick, setting a new record. They used graphene and other 2D materials to create an optical device that can control light in channels smaller than one nanometer.
Researchers at NIST developed a miniature chip that uses laser light to measure quantities like length with quantum precision. The design packs the atom cloud and structures for guiding light waves into less than 1 square centimeter, achieving a hundredfold increase in measurement precision compared to other devices.
A team of researchers at MIT has shown that an FDA-approved dye can be used for short-wave infrared imaging, producing clearer images of blood vessels and other body tissues. This breakthrough could enable doctors to visualize these structures with greater accuracy, leading to improved diagnosis and research.
Researchers have determined the structure of a photosynthetic LH1-RC complex from the bacterium Blastochloris viridis, which can harness and use light at wavelengths over 1,000 nm. This breakthrough reveals how the protein converts near-infrared light into an electrical charge to power cell metabolism.
Researchers created a synthetic device mimicking cephalopod skin to evade infrared detection. The device can adapt its reflectivity in response to temperature changes, enabling effective camouflage.
Tropical Storm Jelawat is intensifying due to cold cloud top temperatures as low as minus 63 degrees Fahrenheit. The storm's maximum sustained winds strengthened to 50 knots on March 28, forecasted to reach hurricane force within 24 hours.
A new system using infrared light tags monitors face-to-face interactions with fine granularity, providing a more precise understanding of social interaction. The technique can increase the effectiveness of communications coaching and support real-time feedback during interviews.
Scientists at Linköping University have developed a method to generate electricity from the natural fluctuations in temperature caused by sunlight and shade. By combining plasmonic antennas with pyroelectric materials, they can harness energy from light fluctuations. This innovative technology has the potential to be used in various ap...
Tropical Cyclone Marcus is weakening rapidly due to interactions with cooler waters and increased vertical wind shear. The storm's cloud top temperatures have warmed over the last day, indicating a weakening of its uplift.
Tropical Cyclone Marcus has intensified into a Category 4 hurricane with maximum sustained winds reaching 149.6 mph, according to NASA's Terra satellite analysis. The system continues to strengthen due to favorable environmental conditions, including low vertical wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures.
Tropical Cyclone Eliakim's cloud tops have been found to be warming by NASA, suggesting the storm is weakening due to strong wind shear. The warmer cloud tops also led to a decrease in rainfall on the northern side of the storm.
Tropical Cyclone Marcus is strengthening as it moves away from Western Australia, fueled by strong thunderstorms indicated by cloud top temperatures of -80°F (or colder). The eye of the storm is 11 nautical miles wide and moving westward at 17.2 mph.
Tropical Cyclone 13P developed powerful storms with extremely cold cloud top temperatures, indicating strong storms capable of heavy rain. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center predicts the storm will continue strengthening before dissipating in four days.
Researchers developed LEDs made of dislocation-free aluminum-gallium-nitride nanowires, which can efficiently extract light due to air gaps between nanowires via scattering. Treating the nanowires with a diluted potassium-hydroxide solution suppresses surface reabsorption, leading to a 49.7% enhancement in ultraviolet light output power.
Physicists develop new method to precisely characterise extremely short light pulses, allowing for detailed information about electron place of origin in novel materials. This enables study of superconductors and topological materials, crucial for quantum computing and energy-efficient processors.
Scientists have discovered a way to control the flow of terahertz photons using ordinary computer chips, which could lead to faster computers and higher bandwidth communications. The method uses a 'coyote time' effect, where the molecule doesn't know its energy after the first photon hits, allowing for more efficient switching.
Astronomers have created the first high-resolution map of magnetic field lines around a black hole at the center of our galaxy. The map, produced using CanariCam infrared camera, reveals intricate details about gas and dust swirling around the supermassive black hole.
A new study published in Nature Geoscience finds evidence of widespread and relatively immobile water on the Moon. The research suggests that the water may be present primarily as OH, a more reactive relative of H2O, which doesn't stay on its own for long.
A recent study by GFZ scientists found that German night lights increased in brightness, except for Thuringia, which showed a decrease. The reason behind this trend is still unknown, but researchers suspect it may be related to the transition from older lighting technologies to LED lamps.
Researchers created a hyperbolic metasurface using boron nitride that produces concave wavefronts with infrared light, revolutionizing the miniaturization of sensing and signal processing devices. The team overcame fabrication challenges to achieve precision structuring on the nanometer scale.
A team led by Professor Pat Roche created the first high-resolution map of magnetic field lines in gas and dust swirling around a supermassive black hole at the centre of our Galaxy. The map shows intense infrared light and magnetic field lines within filaments of warm dust grains and hot gas, revealing their intricate relationship.
Researchers discovered a previously unknown superconducting state in layered material LBCO, which occurs above the temperature at which it transmits electricity without resistance. The team used high-intensity infrared light to reveal this hidden state, providing new insights into the decades-long mystery of superconductivity in cuprates.
Researchers at University of Warwick and Monash University have developed a platinum-based chemotherapy drug candidate that kills cancer cells in targeted areas without harming healthy tissue. The treatment is activated by light, reducing toxic side effects.
A new optogenetic technique allows for non-invasive deep brain neural stimulation or inhibition by applying light externally to the skull. The technique, tested in mice, may one day complement current approaches to deep brain stimulation and therapies for neurological disorders in humans.
Researchers discovered that silk fibers exhibit Anderson localization of light, a phenomenon that enables efficient control of light due to their nano-architecture. This discovery could lead to innovations in medical therapies and biosensing, as well as the creation of synthetic materials with similar properties.
Researchers used over 40 telescopes to observe a rare event: the blazar CTA 102 increased its brightness by 3,500 times. The team found that the jet's radiation and particles emit in multiple frequencies from different zones, creating a serpentine shape. This discovery supports theoretical models of jet instability and propagation.
Scientists from ITMO University developed a silicon-gold nanoparticle that acts as an effective source of white light when agitated by a pulse laser in IR band. This technology makes modern near-field microscopy cheaper and simpler, with potential applications in medicine.
PTB physicists have developed a frequency-doubling unit that can endure transportation and maintain accuracy. The unit is based on a highly stable monolithic enhancement cavity for second harmonic generation, enabling reliable laser light for quantum-optical experiments.
Researchers have discovered that pupil size rhythmically fluctuates during sleep in mice and correlates with changes in sleep states. The findings suggest that pupil size plays a crucial role in blocking sensory input and protecting the brain during deep sleep.
The innovative technology splits sunlight into efficient light and repurposes infrared light for water purification, improving agricultural competitiveness and reducing energy costs in greenhouses. Researchers plan to test the material in pilot greenhouse facilities and expand its application to various crops.
Brown dwarfs blur the line between stars and planets, making their formation a puzzle. The James Webb Space Telescope will study specific brown dwarfs to gain insight into star formation and exoplanet atmospheres.
Researchers created an injectable dye that illuminates molecules with near infrared light, making it easier to track disease progression and study biological processes. The novel Washington Red dye has potential applications in various medical fields.
Researchers developed a hyperlens crystal made from isotopically purified boron, increasing its potential imaging capability by a factor of ten. The new material can capture images of objects as small as 30 nanometers in size, enabling direct observation of cellular processes.
A study using the W. M. Keck Observatory measured the spin rates of three planetary-mass companions, finding rates similar to those of small free-floating brown dwarfs, suggesting two possibilities: the companions could be brown dwarfs or planets that formed with similar spins
By forcing light to go through a smaller gap, researchers have increased its intensity and allowed photons to interact more strongly over a short distance. This technology brings optical processing closer to electrical transistors, potentially solving the problem of nonlinear optics and enabling faster, more efficient computers.
Tropical Storm Dahlia formed under strong vertical wind shear, displacing its clouds north of the center. Infrared imagery revealed strongest thunderstorms north of the center, with cloud top temperatures as cold as minus 63 degrees Fahrenheit.
Scientists successfully synthesized cyanobacterial photosynthetic pigment PCB in animal cells, enabling convenient use of the PhyB-PIF system for optogenetic control. The development opens up new possibilities for studying intracellular signal transduction and manipulating cellular structures.
Researchers have developed ultra-thin and flat graphene metalenses that can concentrate terahertz beams to a spot, flip their polarization and modulate their intensity. These devices have the potential to revolutionize applications such as amplitude tunable lenses, lasers and dynamic holography.
Researchers at Kyushu University used spectro-electrochemistry to investigate the frequency shifts in infrared fluorescence of modified carbon nanotubes. They found that the gaps between electron energy levels depend on the elements bonded to the exterior of the nanotubes.
Researchers at Kyushu University developed a method to tune the fluorescence wavelength of carbon nanotubes by tethering organic molecules. This enables fine control over the emission wavelength, with potential applications in biomedical devices and bioimaging.
A global analysis found that artificially lit surface of Earth at night is growing in size and brightness in most countries. This trend has nearly matched the global rise in gross domestic product.
Researchers at UCSB have successfully measured Berry curvature in solid matter for the first time using a unique laser experiment. This breakthrough has significant implications for designing new materials with optimized Berry curvature for applications in electronic and optical devices.
Researchers at Kyushu University developed a device harnessing near-infrared light to drive the water-splitting reaction and produce hydrogen gas efficiently. This breakthrough enables a broader spectrum of light to be harvested, including UV, visible, and NIR, increasing the potential for clean energy storage.
A multi-disciplinary team of researchers has received a $9 million grant to develop enhanced infrared light technology for treating diseases such as cardiac arrhythmias, high blood pressure, asthma, and diarrhea. The technology aims to stimulate or inhibit electrical signals in the nervous system with laser precision.
Researchers developed a melanin-enhanced cancer immunotherapy technique using a transdermal patch that promotes the systemic immune response against melanoma. The patch is applied via a skin patch and triggers an immune response, allowing the body's immune system to remember and respond to the presence of melanoma cells.
University of Utah researchers create a new component for ultra-high-speed communications and computing using perovskite, a mineral discovered in Russia. The technology uses the terahertz spectrum to transmit data a thousand times faster than current systems.
Researchers have developed a synthetic material that can absorb light from all directions, making it suitable for antireflective coatings. This material is similar to the brochosomes used by leaf hopper insects to blend in with their backgrounds, allowing them to hide from predators.
Tropical Depression 18 strengthened into Tropical Storm Philippe, located off Florida's east coast on Oct. 29, according to NASA's Aqua satellite analysis. The storm's cold cloud tops indicate very heavy rainfall potential.
Tropical Storm Saola has strengthened to a tropical storm near Guam, with NASA's Aqua satellite analyzing its cloud top temperatures in infrared light. The storm is expected to continue strengthening and become a typhoon by Oct. 25, bringing strong winds and hazardous surf.
Researchers have developed a light emitter and detector that can be integrated into silicon CMOS chips, overcoming the interconnect bottleneck. The device uses an ultrathin semiconductor material called molybdenum ditelluride, which emits light in the infrared range, not absorbed by silicon.
The James Webb Space Telescope successfully tested its optics alignment using a unique 'selfie' photo. The image verified the line of sight for the telescope's cryogenic testing configuration.
Scientists have discovered a new method to generate terahertz frequencies, long considered challenging to source, using an infrared frequency comb. The innovative system produces extremely pure terahertz tones, opening up new applications for wireless communications and high-speed digital communication.
Tropical Storm Lan is intensifying as it moves through the Northwestern Pacific Ocean, fueled by extremely high oceanic heat content. NASA's Aqua satellite data shows storm clouds with cloud top temperatures reaching minus 63 degrees Fahrenheit, capable of producing heavy rainfall.
Three GW astrophysicists contribute to global effort identifying kilonova explosion, a rare event roughly 1,000 times brighter than a nova. The discovery confirms predictions of gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiation from neutron-star mergers, providing insights into the formation and expansion of our universe.
The first-ever detection of light from a gravitational wave source has been made, shedding new light on the behavior of matter under extreme conditions. The event, caused by two neutron stars colliding and merging together, was observed using numerous telescopes around the world.
Penn State researchers have developed a flexible, biodegradable optical fiber that can deliver light into the body for medical applications. The fiber, made of citrate-based polymer, enables ultrafine tuning of refractive index differences and allows for bending and stretching without damage.
NASA's Aqua satellite found strongest storms in Tropical Depression 23W near northern Vietnam and northeastern Laos. Cloud top temperatures reached as cold as minus 80 degrees Fahrenheit, indicating strong storms with heavy rain capability.
Tropical Storm Ramon has revealed powerful storms around its center through infrared data from NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite. The storm is moving west-northwest at 7 mph, with slight strengthening forecast over the next 48 hours.
Researchers at U-M have developed a technique to detect chemicals, including explosives and gases, quickly and accurately using a laser-based method. The new approach combines two techniques to speed up detection while preserving accuracy.