Articles tagged with Colleges
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The ASPB Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) recognizes 34 students from US universities who received $3,000 fellowships to support their research projects. The program is funded by the ASPB Executive Committee and Good Works funds, and co-chaired by SURF founders Mark Brodl and Jon Monroe.
A new study found that limiting work hours for surgical residents enhances their training and improves patient care. The study also showed that the new model improved overall teaching effectiveness and increased operating room experience for residents.
Researchers studied classic films from Mitchell and Kenyon to confirm lefties' decline in Victorian England, which reversed in the 20th century. The study found that left-waving was more common than left-writing, suggesting a complex pattern of causes behind the decline.
The study reveals the importance of targeting specific cell regions to combat oxidative stress. By using novel synthetic molecules, researchers can now understand how cells respond to oxidative stress and identify weaker parts that need protection.
American Society for Microbiology honors Jason T. Blackard for his groundbreaking research on HIV and hepatitis C co-infections, including extrahepatic replication of HCV in HIV-infected women.
A new study from NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center found that breast reductions of less than 500 grams per breast greatly eased women's back, neck, and shoulder pain. The procedures also improved their quality of life by allowing them to exercise more and engage in a wider variety of activities.
A Weill Cornell study finds that nicotine in cigarettes accelerates atherosclerosis, even at low levels, by activating the sympathetic nervous system and increasing heart rate. Mice exposed to low-nicotine cigarettes showed smaller atherosclerotic lesions than those exposed to regular cigarettes.
The CREATE program aims to build a group of leaders with expertise in plant sciences, biotechnology and engineering, focusing on biofuels, pharmaceuticals and industrial products. Graduate students will receive cross-disciplinary training through internships and a Master's to Ph.D. bridge.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medical College have discovered a crucial mechanism driving the growth of light-sensing discs in rod cells, shedding new light on retinal health and disease. The study's findings could lead to significant advances in understanding and treating eye diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa.
Researchers found that uninsured or publicly insured patients with acute appendicitis are at a higher risk of perforation compared to those with private insurance. This unexpected finding suggests that insurance status may be a more significant factor in health outcomes than previously thought.
Researchers will evaluate a new approach to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) to target movement-evoked pain after surgery, with the goal of decreasing pain and improving function in older adults. The study aims to compare the effectiveness of active TENS to placebo TENS and standard care.
The study reveals that the brain encodes visual information with extreme precision, necessary to represent the slowly changing visual world. The researchers found that the brain's internal clock changes relative to the visual scene's timescale, with precise timing required for accurate perception.
Researchers at UCR will develop inexpensive badges for monitoring diesel and gasoline exhaust exposure in real-time, using nanotechnology. The project aims to better understand the role of environmental factors in diseases such as diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.
Research in capuchin monkeys reveals a connection between sex, handedness, and brain structure. The study found that male monkeys have a smaller corpus callosum than females, while right-handed individuals have a smaller relative size of the corpus callosum than left-handed individuals. This pattern mirrors findings in humans.
A new study by Catherine Mosher and Sharon Danoff-Burg found that college men are more likely than women to prioritize a romantic relationship over achieving their career and education goals. The researchers also discovered that men derive more emotional support from opposite-sex relationships than same-sex friendships.
The American College of Medical Genetics recommends using genetic testing to guide warfarin dosing and reduce the risk of bleeding complications. The review suggests that genetic variants in CYP2C9 or VKORC1 can be used to determine optimal dosing levels, but further research is needed to address clinical utility and balance between ha...
The team will develop a comprehensive set of hands-on learning activities aligned with the 12 Principles of Plant Biology. The project aims to engage middle school students in plant science education through inquiry-based learning and disseminate the materials to various settings.
A study by Imperial College London and Loughborough University found a significant increase in motorcycling casualties in inner London during the congestion charging period. The research suggests that the incentive to use motorcycles may be driving the rise, while cyclists in outer London also experienced an increase in casualties.
Researchers found that emotional events can be hard to intentionally forget, even when trying to block off unwanted memories. The study's results suggest that emotion places limits on mental control and can undermine intentional forgetting.
A new study shows that a moderate bulge at the waist significantly increases the risk of unhealthy plaque build-up in the arteries. Researchers found that adding several inches to the waist measurement markedly increases the risk, even if body weight remains within a normal range.
A new Research Center of Excellence in Pediatric Nephrology will be established at the Medical College of Wisconsin to accelerate treatments for children with genetic and acquired kidney disease. The center aims to develop unique therapies that can limit or cure progressive kidney disorders.
Research at the University of Iowa suggests that a patient-centered approach can be detrimental for patients who prefer a more traditional 'doctor-centered' style. The study found that when these patients are matched with patient-centered doctors, they are less likely to follow treatment recommendations and feel satisfied with their care.
A new study published in the Journal of the American College of Surgeons shows that recombinant human thrombin reduces surgical complications and stops bleeding in 95 percent of patients within 10 minutes. The treatment also has a lower risk of antibody development compared to current standard blood-clotting treatments.
A recent study published in The ISME Journal reveals that a specific group of E. coli bacteria is associated with chronic intestinal inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease. Researchers found an increased level of invasive E. coli bacteria in inflamed areas of the small intestine, suggesting a potential causal link to the disease.
The revised guidelines introduce changes to the initial diagnostic approach, recommending a non-invasive set of preliminary tests such as stress tests or echocardiograms. The new guidelines also emphasize the importance of more intense lipid and blood pressure control, as well as the use of anti-platelet therapy clopidogrel for at leas...
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy will conduct four projects to discover new medicines for bioterrorism and other infectious diseases. The Institute for Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences will also explore natural products for therapeutic potential against anthrax and other pathogens.
Researchers at Imperial College London have developed a new fingerprinting technique that analyzes chemical residues to detect an individual's diet, race, and sex. The technique involves lifting fingerprints with gel tape and analyzing them in a spectroscopic microscope, providing a detailed chemical composition of the print.
The Mailman School of Public Health has been awarded a $23 million grant to lead a network evaluating cardiac interventions. The network, which includes NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, aims to assess the safety and efficacy of novel diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in cardiac surgery.
A new study from the University of Texas at Austin found obese girls are half as likely to attend college as non-obese girls. The study attributes this disparity to mental health and behavioral issues such as increased risk of suicide, substance abuse, and negative self-image.
A new UGA study explains how anti-smoking ads can either backfire or be effective, finding that youth are more likely to smoke when exposed to messages about their friends listening. The researchers suggest that health campaigns should focus on changing social norms and designing multi-year efforts with a nuanced approach.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medical College have discovered that preconditioning, a process where the brain is challenged with a small noxious stimulus, can shield blood vessels from stroke injury. This study found a 68% reduction in stroke intensity and a 114% boost in blood flow in areas unaffected by the stroke.
A new study by Weill Cornell Medical College found that young rats given Ritalin injections from week-old age showed significant brain changes linked to higher executive functioning and addiction. Changes resolved with time, but the findings suggest doctors must be careful in diagnosing ADHD before prescribing Ritalin.
A catastrophic megaflood separated Britain from France hundreds of thousands of years ago, carving a massive valley along the English Channel. The flood reorganized river drainages in north-west Europe, affecting early human occupation in Britain and potentially leading to an abrupt halt in migration.
T. Andrew Burrow, MD of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center received the $75,000 grant to support training of clinicians in biochemical genetics. The award aims to recruit and train physicians in clinical biochemical genetics for metabolic diseases diagnosis and treatment.
The American College of Medical Genetics Foundation awarded Dr. Stuart Schwartz a $100,000 grant to develop a clinical practice model incorporating whole genome SNP array analysis. This project aims to promote safe and effective genetic testing and services.
The American College of Medical Genetics recommends that all newborns be screened for 29 serious disorders, which can lead to death or mental retardation if left untreated. Early detection and treatment through newborn screening can make a significant difference in the long-term outcome of affected children.
A new study published in the Journal of the American College of Surgeons found that robotic telerounding significantly reduced the length-of-stay for patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery. The robot-assisted care reduced hospital stay by 34% and saved $219,578 per year.
A study conducted by Virginia Tech researchers found that 51% of evaluated horses were overweight or obese, posing serious health problems like laminitis and hyperinsulinemia. The study suggests changes in horse care practices can help mitigate these risks.
A new study by Professor Michael Rowlinson reveals that nearly all UK and US companies produce historical accounts of themselves, but the quality is extremely variable. Many UK companies could improve the way they present their history to the public, which can impact consumers' views of their longevity and trustworthiness.
A study of over 3 million Italians found that men over 65 pay more for prescriptions than women, with costs escalating sharply after age 65. The research model developed in the study can help policymakers better allocate resources for prescription costs.
Research reveals that p53 gene mutations can trigger skin cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), by accelerating malignant progression and sensitizing skin cells to tumor formation. Inflammation also plays a critical role in SCC development, with the chemokine receptor D6 acting as a key regulator.
The Gerontological Society of America has awarded 20 PhD students the 2007 Hartford Pre-Dissertation Award for their research on aging. The recipients will receive funding to attend workshops and present their work at conferences.
A new study found high levels of MPO to signal increased risk for heart disease nearly a decade before conventional risk factors set off alarms. Elevated MPO levels also indicate unstable plaque and may be used to detect vulnerable patients.
Adolescents from low-income families are at higher risk of developing migraines due to stress, poor diet, and limited access to medical care. In contrast, teenagers from affluent households have a lower prevalence of migraines, with only 2.9% experiencing symptoms annually.
The US Senate has approved $1 million in funding for the New York Center for National Competitiveness in Nanoscale Characterization, a partnership between CNSE and NIST. The center aims to strengthen the US R&D-manufacturing-commercialization ecosystem in nanotechnology.
A new study challenges prior research on power couple migration patterns. Researchers found that college-educated singles are more likely to move to big cities where they meet and marry other educated individuals. This finding has implications for city planners seeking to attract a well-educated workforce. Power couples with only one c...
A new study found that early-morning Friday classes can significantly reduce excessive drinking on Thursday nights. The research suggests that requiring students to attend early classes, especially before 10 a.m., can help decrease binge drinking and heavy consumption of alcohol.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medical College have discovered two potential points of vulnerability in the XIAP protein, a key player in cancer cell survival. Targeting these activities could lead to tumor cell death and reduced tumors.
Researchers discovered that genes have internal clocks regulated by coactivators, controlling protein production and preventing cancerous growth. The coactivator's clock is set off through the addition of phosphate and ubiquitin molecules, with a fixed lifespan to prevent continuous activation.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medical College have discovered a crucial link between epithelial cells and immune system function at mucosal surfaces. The study found that epithelial cells produce a key antigen called IgA2 to keep bacteria in check, and that this process is critical for preventing infections such as HIV and rotavirus.
A recent study published in PNAS U.S.A. utilized functional MRI to examine the brain activity of awake, mildly sedated zebra finches during song stimulation. The research found that the right side of the birds' brains discriminated sounds better, suggesting a possible link between bird song and human speech disorders like stuttering.
The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) reduces postoperative complications through comparative risk-adjusted adverse event data and prediction models. Studies show significant reductions in wound, surgical site infections, and urinary tract infections using ACS NSQIP.
Dr. Hugh Hendrie receives prestigious Jack Weinberg Memorial Award for his outstanding contributions to geriatric psychiatry research and clinical practice
Dr. Joseph Fins, a leading expert in medical ethics, has received the Robert Wood Johnson Investigator Award to study brain injury care and develop innovative models of treatment. The project aims to improve clinician-family communication and inform educational standards for professionals.
Researchers analyzed ancient DNA from woolly mammoth bones, teeth, and tusks to understand their disappearance. The study found a genetic signature indicating a range expansion after the last interglacial period, followed by leveling off and eventual extinction of one lineage.
Scientists have discovered a mechanism that can organize the activity of cells involved in short-term recall known as working memory. The study found that inhibitory neurons play a key role in coordinating this process, which could lead to improved treatment options for individuals with schizophrenia.
Process Systems Enterprise, a global operation that provides mathematical modelling software, has won the MacRobert Award for demonstrating engineering excellence and innovation. The technology helps process industry companies to maximize product quality and minimize production cost.
Thomas Hsu, a University of Houston civil engineering professor, has been recognized for his work on the 'Universal Element Tester,' a device capable of testing reinforced concrete under varied controlled forces. The UET allows engineers to predict seismic behavior and design cost-effective structures.
A systematic review of khat use and mental illness suggests a potential association between the stimulant plant and psychiatric disorders. However, the causal link remains unclear, with common psychological problems exacerbated by khat use but no clear evidence of a causal relationship.
Carola Wenk, a UTSA computer science professor, has been awarded a $400,000 NSF grant to study geometric shape handling in theory and practice using GPS technology. She aims to develop real-time traffic estimation and prediction systems for San Antonio.