Articles tagged with Colleges
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers found that integrating rapid syphilis testing into prenatal HIV testing programs in Haiti can prevent over 2,000 cases of stillbirth, neonatal death or congenital syphilis. The approach proved to be the best strategy due to its simplicity and ease of administration.
A new study published in Diabetes Care identifies two critical factors that increase the risk of recurrent wounds in diabetics: the location under the big toe and poor blood flow. This information can help physicians predict and prevent complications, including gangrene and amputation.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have found that Botox injections can reduce prostate size and alleviate urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Up to 73% of patients experienced improved quality of life and reduced symptoms for up to a year after treatment.
The Dyson Foundation has awarded $5 million to support the development of a state-of-the-art eye care facility at Weill Cornell Medical College. The new floor is expected to open in spring 2008 and will provide advanced treatment options for patients, honoring Dr. Jackson Coleman's legacy.
Researchers measured pollutants from secondhand smoke near bars and restaurants with indoor smoking bans, finding a rise in pollutants associated with an increase in smokers. The study suggests that secondhand smoke is present in these outdoor zones, potentially creating unhealthy environments for non-smokers.
Scientists have challenged a long-held theory about how HIV depletes white blood cells, instead proposing that the virus slowly adapts to evade the immune system. This new understanding could pave the way for new treatment approaches.
Dr. Steven S. Gross receives the 2007 National Institutes of Health (NIH) Method to Extend Research in Time (MERIT) Award for his work on nitric oxide and its role in vascular complications of diabetes. The $2.5 million grant will support research into potential pharmaceutical targets.
The study suggests that assigning each staff member a specific time for inoculation is the most effective method to ensure healthcare workers stay healthy and patients receive optimal care. This approach resulted in wait times of only slightly more than two minutes, even with low compliance levels.
The viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) has been identified in 19 species and poses a potential threat to New York's sport-fishing industry. Containing the spread of the virus requires restrictions on live fish movement, testing, and surveillance.
Researchers are using a virtual reality simulation called Virtual Iraq to better understand how symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develop. The study found that participating veterans with PTSD experience increased physiological arousal, anxiety, and suppressed memories after viewing the simulation.
Researchers found that value judgments in framing research questions, identifying problems, and designing studies can lead to better research outcomes. Medical researchers may unconsciously make these value-laden decisions, mistakenly believing they automatically introduce bias.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medical College and Yale University discovered that dynamin 1 is not essential to all synaptic transmission, but rather acts more subtly during moments of high activity. This finding has significant implications for understanding neurological injury and disease.
For patients who need non-cardiac surgery a short time after an interventional heart procedure, bare metal stents provide a safer choice. Drug-eluting stents can lead to life-threatening cardiac complications in these patients, according to a study by Thomas Jefferson University Hospital.
A study found that nearly all physicians admit they would disclose a hypothetical error, but less than half have actually done so. The survey also revealed that those with more experience and those who prioritize forgiveness in their spiritual beliefs were more likely to disclose errors.
Amir Hoveyda, a renowned chemist at Boston College, has received the prestigious Max Tishler Prize for his groundbreaking research in organic and organometallic chemistry. His work focuses on developing new N-heterocyclic carbenes with exciting frontiers in reactivity, selectivity, and catalysis.
A new study has found that over 2.1 million individuals were treated in US emergency departments for ladder-related injuries between 1990 and 2005, with an average of 136,000 cases annually.
Jeffrey L. Osborn, a University of Kentucky professor, has been named the 2007 Arthur C. Guyton Teacher of the Year by the American Physiological Society for his classroom teaching and research on renal sodium and water balance. He received a $1,000 honorarium and funding to attend an APS meeting.
A comment in The Lancet raises concerns about the World Bank's new 10-year health policy, which prioritizes private market approaches and may undermine global health initiatives. The comment calls for a coherent long-term plan to repair fragmented and inequitable health systems in poor countries.
A study published in BMC Medicine found that women from all ethnic backgrounds outperform men in passing UK medical exams. Non-white candidates also performed better than their white counterparts, with non-white females excelling in clinical skills and communications assessments.
Researchers successfully filmed pairs of molecules during recognition process, revealing that only molecules with same chirality readily aggregate. The study demonstrates how molecules adapt to fit each other's shapes, similar to human handshakes.
Columbia University is expanding its immersion lithography research program with $700,000 in funding from International SEMATECH North. The project aims to develop novel chemistries for double-exposure materials, a critical step towards advancing nanoelectronics manufacturing.
Researchers discovered that protein RecQ takes on opposite functions in E. coli compared to yeast and humans, highlighting the need for considering both possibilities when studying protein roles in disease. The study found three forms of RecQ associated with cancer syndromes in humans, while its function in E. coli promotes cell death.
A recent Comment in The Lancet highlights the pessimism among doctors regarding professionalism and their disconnection from debates on the subject. However, the Royal College of Physicians' two-year inquiry has started to provide valuable lessons that can shape systemic change.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have developed the TeRK robot kit, allowing users to build sophisticated internet-connected robots using off-the-shelf parts. The kits feature a Qwerk controller and recipes that enable customization and extension, making highly capable robots accessible to a wide range of users.
Professor Bittner received the prestigious Guggenheim Fellowship to study quantum dynamics in molecular electronic devices at Cambridge University. He is the first UH scientist named as a fellow in 18 years and joins an illustrious group of past recipients including Linus Pauling.
A new £4.2 million research project at Imperial College London aims to develop renewable and cost-effective methods of producing hydrogen for fuel cells. The project will explore both biological and chemical solar-driven processes to achieve this goal.
Research found that students who watched more TV on 9/11 had higher levels of stress in their dreams, while those who talked to family and friends experienced better processing of traumatic events. The study suggests that repeated exposure to horrific images through TV may amplify stress and trauma.
A national study from Tufts University reveals that college students know more about politics than pop culture, with half able to name their U.S. senator or representative and nearly two-thirds knowing at least one of their senators.
The MiniBooNE experiment resolves a long-standing question about neutrino behavior, contradicting earlier DOE findings. Researchers now push the search for sterile neutrinos with LENS project, potentially altering our understanding of particle physics.
Lawrence Lavery and David Armstrong have received a major NIH grant to study methods for treating diabetic foot ulcers and evaluating compliance and health economic outcomes. The two-year study will utilize advanced techniques such as activity monitoring and healing prediction.
A team of UNH and Dartmouth researchers will develop models for controlled thermonuclear fusion and turbulence in the Sun's environment. The grant supports a new center, CICART, which aims to leverage interdisciplinary collaborations and federal funding.
The UGA-Emory collaboration will study influenza virus adaptation, transmission, and human immune responses. Researchers will also explore the genetic factors of flu spread and develop new antivirals.
NJIT awarded a 5-year, $3-million NSF grant to enhance math and science education in Newark high schools. The program aims to infuse computational methods into classrooms, promoting research integration and improving student understanding of practical applications.
Newborn babies in poor countries are missing out on routine hearing tests, leading to irreversible deficits in speech and cognitive development. A policy paper calls for increased funding for neonatal hearing tests through public-private partnerships.
Researchers at Rush University Medical Center are part of a worldwide effort to create an easy-to-use, affordable test to measure immune systems in HIV-positive patients. The CD4 Initiative aims to provide rapid, robust, and affordable diagnostic tools to healthcare workers in developing countries.
Lee Lynd's work on converting cellulosic biomass into ethanol has the potential to significantly reduce fossil fuel consumption. His consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) approach is a breakthrough in low-cost processing and could lead to a sustainable energy future.
The American College of Physicians recommends that mammography screening decisions be made on a case-by-case basis, considering each woman's individual cancer risk and preference. The new guidelines acknowledge the benefits and harms of screening, recommending periodic assessment of breast cancer risk to inform decision-making.
A study of 445 MS patients found that 29% prioritize medical treatment, while 19% seek socio-economic support, including household adaptations and transport provision. The researchers developed an MS satisfaction tool to assess quality of care and identify gaps in provision.
Lynn Simpson, a clinical associate professor at the University of Houston College of Pharmacy, has received the American Pharmacists Association-Academy of Student Pharmacists' Outstanding Chapter Advisor Award. She was recognized for her spirit and impact on students, who have held regional or national leadership posts in APhA-ASP.
A UGA study reveals that people take notice when they feel worse than expected, but not when they feel better. This 'affective misforecasting' gap influences product evaluations. By creating realistic expectations, businesses can minimize this effect and improve customer satisfaction.
A gene expression profiling test has been shown to correlate with oxygen saturation levels, pressure in the heart before pumping, and electrical properties of the transplanted heart. This test may provide a valuable tool to tailor therapies to meet the specific needs of each heart transplant patient.
A new study by Jefferson researchers found that taking Plavix with aspirin after off-pump heart bypass surgery does not increase bleeding risk. Patients who took clopidogrel and aspirin experienced less gastrointestinal bleeding and fewer strokes compared to those on aspirin alone.
A new study found that drug-eluting stents are less effective in bypassed veins with longer blockages, particularly those with diffuse disease. In patients with focal disease, the success rate was high, but those with diffuse disease had a higher need for additional procedures to treat restenosis.
The Foundation of the National Student Nurses' Association (FNSNA) awarded a $25,000 Promise of Nursing for New Jersey Nursing School grant to Rutgers College of Nursing. The grant provides additional supervised time and tutoring for undergraduate nursing students.
A randomized controlled trial found that peri-procedural hydration treatment with sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride show similar rates of protection against contrast-induced nephropathy. The study evaluated 353 patients undergoing cardiac procedures and found no significant differences in kidney function between the two groups.
The EXACT study found that community hospital physicians can provide exemplary outcomes for patients in need of carotid stenting with appropriate experience levels and device training. The use of embolic protection devices has been shown to reduce peri-procedural complications by 4.5% compared to the SECuRITY study.
Researchers studied the outcomes of treating ST- elevation myocardial infarction with PCI alone or with distal protection, finding similar major adverse cardiac events and electrocardiographic results. However, post-procedure blood flow was improved in patients treated with distal protection.
The SPIRIT-III trial shows that the Xience V Everolimus Eluting Coronary Stent System reduces target vessel failure, ischemic-driven revascularization procedures, and major adverse cardiac events compared to paclitaxel-eluting stents. This suggests a potential enhancement of outcomes for patients with coronary artery disease.
A novel platelet therapy, SCH 530348, has demonstrated safety and efficacy in reducing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) complications. Major adverse events were reduced by 1.6-3.5% in low-dose cohorts compared to placebo. The treatment also showed a lower risk of death or major adverse events and heart attack compared to placebo.
Researchers evaluated the safety and performance of a new bioabsorbable stent that eliminates several problems associated with metallic stents. At 30 days, device success was extremely high, and no patients experienced major adverse cardiac events or stent thrombosis.
The ABSORB trial demonstrated no stent thrombosis and a low rate of Major Adverse Cardiac Events after six months. The findings suggest that bioabsorbable drug-eluting stents may be a promising future therapy option for treating heart disease.
Research by Michael Kisley and Stacey Wood found that older adults exhibit a better balance in processing emotional information, as they tend to pay equal importance to both positive and negative images. This change in emotional priorities develops gradually from age 18 to 80.
Dr. Clark M. Stanford, a renowned prosthodontist and researcher, has received the prestigious IADR Research in Prosthodontics & Implants Award. The award recognizes his groundbreaking work on osteoblastic gene expression and its impact on gene expression.
The International Association for Dental Research (IADR) presented numerous prestigious awards and fellowships, recognizing outstanding service, scientific contributions, and research in oral health prevention. The IADR Distinguished Service Award was given to Robert Collins, while the E.W. Borrow Memorial Award recognized research in ...
A new study details the devastating impact of a nuclear attack on American cities, including casualties from blast and radiation, and burn victims from massive fires. The researchers suggest simple interventions can save tens of thousands of lives.
A study published in The Lancet found that cardiac-only resuscitation (chest compressions only) yields better outcomes than conventional CPR, especially for patients with apnea or shockable cardiac rhythms. This approach may increase bystander-initiated resuscitation efforts and improve survival rates.
The Medical Training Application Service (MTAS) has been plagued by problems, including computer failures and inadequate reflection of practical experience. The Modernising Medical Careers (MMC) curriculum is also failing, with concerns over the new fast-track production system producing inadequately experienced consultants. The Lancet...
Dr William O'Brien Jr is recognized for his numerous contributions to the scientific progress of diagnostic medical ultrasound. He has published 318 papers and received a National Institutes of Health MERIT award.
Researchers used MRI scans to simulate everyday experience of people with cochlear implants, finding the angular gyrus plays a key role in decoding distorted sentences. In noisy environments, other brain regions are engaged to help interpret predictable speech.
A national study by Boston College found that over a quarter of US businesses are unprepared for the effects of an aging workforce. Many companies lack strategies to encourage late-career workers to stay past retirement age and face significant HR challenges, including recruiting competent job applicants and management skill shortages.