Articles tagged with Colleges
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Research suggests raising PLAB pass marks could bridge the gap between international and UK medical graduates' performance, but warns of workforce implications for the NHS. International graduates tend to perform less well than UK graduates in postgraduate exams, with differences in fitness to practice and career progression.
A multidisciplinary team of scientists analyzed over 1000 proteins in more than 700 children with and without malaria. They found elevated muscle-specific proteins in plasma that could distinguish cerebral malaria from other syndromes. These findings suggest a link between muscle damage and the severity of cerebral malaria.
Research from Oregon State University shows that handling frozen fish is a major cause of injuries on commercial freezer-trawlers and longliners. The study identifies specific hazards and prevention strategies to reduce injuries and fatalities in the fishing industry.
A new review article reveals that US adults use dietary supplements to improve overall health and fill nutrient gaps in their diet. The study found that half to two-thirds of American adults use supplements, with motivations rooted in a desire to stay healthy.
A recent study found that increased time on Facebook can lead to more negative feelings and comparisons to friends' bodies among college-aged women. The researchers also discovered that more time spent on Facebook was associated with a greater attention to physical appearance, including one's own body and clothing.
Researchers found the plateau's southeast margin was 600 miles longer in the Eocene epoch, upending a popular model for its formation. This discovery suggests that river capture and drainage reorganization must have been the result of a slip on major faults bounding the plateau margin.
Researchers have discovered a way of reducing the fertility of malaria-carrying mosquitoes by targeting an enzyme called HPX15. This could provide a new tactic to combat the disease, potentially leading to a reduction in the number of malaria-carrying mosquitoes in circulation.
A new security system called LatentGesture continuously monitors how a user taps and swipes their mobile device, recognizing differences from the owner's tendencies. The system achieved nearly 98% accuracy on smartphones and 97% accuracy on tablets, making it an effective tool for enhancing mobile device security.
Researchers from UH and Rice University collaborated to engineer a synthetic gene circuit that compensates for temperature changes. The team used mathematical modeling to design the plasmid and created a genetic clock with a stable period across various temperatures.
A new program at University of the Pacific empowers low-income parents to guide their children on the path to college. The approach includes family information meetings, themed activity packets, and individualized attention to help parents feel more engaged and confident in supporting their kids' educational pursuits.
Researchers analyzed 1.1 million online reviews across 32,000 cities and found that weather plays a significant role in review quality. Evaluations written on rainy or snowy days are more negative than those written on nice days.
A new study published in the Journal of the American College of Surgeons found that Florida's participation in the ACS National Surgical Quality Improvement Program resulted in broad improvement across hospitals. The program reduced complications by 14.5% and saved an estimated 89 lives, avoiding $6.6 million in healthcare expenses.
A new discovery identifies a key protein called PCAF that promotes nerve growth in the central nervous system, leading to increased nerve fibers regrowing. The study suggests that PCAF may be used to trigger nerve regeneration and potentially lead to recovery from spinal cord injury or brain trauma.
Jun Shen, Ph.D., was honored as the 2014 recipient of the ACMG Foundation/Signature Genomics from PerkinElmer Inc. Travel Award for her platform presentation on a novel combinatorial algorithm predicting pathogenicity of human missense variants. The award recognizes Dr. Shen's scientific merit and supports her work in medical genetics ...
Outcomes of TAVR in real-world settings show comparable results to clinical trials, but specific patient characteristics affect mortality and stroke rates. Baseline factors like age, gender, and kidney function influence outcomes.
A study by Women's College Hospital found that asking patients to audit healthcare professional hand hygiene compliance resulted in high marks. Patients were able to accurately observe and record hand hygiene practices with an 86.7% match rate, leading to increased motivation among providers.
The study found low rates of narrowing and leakage, with 96.7% of patients without stenosis at six months and 94% at 12 months. The device showed strong short- and mid-term results in patients with certain congenital heart defects.
A recent study published in JAMA compared two types of heart valve technologies used in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedures. The researchers found that balloon-expandable valves had a higher rate of device success, with lower rates of complications such as regurgitation and the need for additional surgeries.
The novel inflammation inhibitor darapladib showed no primary-endpoint advantage over placebo in treating chronic coronary heart disease, but suggested benefits for specific coronary artery-related endpoints. Subgroup analysis revealed smokers had a greater decrease in major adverse cardiovascular events.
A head-to-head study favors balloon-expandable transcatheter heart valves for treating aortic stenosis, with a success rate of 95.9% compared to 77.5% for self-expanding valves. Patients receiving balloon-expandable valves also reported improved symptoms at a rate of 94.3%.
A new study found a 25% jump in heart attacks on Mondays after springing forward and a 21% drop on Tuesdays after falling back. Researchers suggest that the time change may alter the timing of when heart attacks occur, potentially putting vulnerable individuals at greater risk.
A large study found that postmenopausal women who consume two or more diet drinks per day are 30% more likely to have a cardiovascular event and 50% more likely to die from related disease. The association persists even after adjusting for other risk factors.
Research suggests that high TV time is associated with poorer food choices and increased cardiovascular risk in middle schoolers. Kids who watched TV for two to six hours a day were more likely to eat high-fat foods like French fries and chips.
A study found that women who ate a diet high in fruits and vegetables as young adults were less likely to have plaque build-up in their arteries 20 years later. In contrast, men did not show the same benefit. The study's findings support the importance of developing healthy eating habits early in life.
A study of 45 recreational male runners found that marathon training reduced bad cholesterol by 5%, triglycerides by 15% and improved heart health markers, including a 4% increase in peak oxygen consumption. The training program led to significant changes in key cardiovascular risk factors.
Researchers at Einstein College of Medicine made notable advances in understanding and treating cancer, including new discoveries about nerve cells, cancer-causing genes and epigenetics. They will present their work at the AACR Annual Meeting.
Researchers at Montefiore Headache Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine found that relaxation following heightened stress triggers more migraine attacks. The study suggests that stress management and healthy lifestyle habits are crucial for people with migraines.
A data-driven approach has been developed to maximize the effectiveness of limited enforcement resources in protecting Africa's threatened wildlife. The method uses spatial planning software to identify weaknesses in current efforts and redirect patrols to increase deterrence, with a potential cost reduction of up to 63%.
Support for natural history study appears to be in decline in developed countries, despite its importance for human health, food security, and conservation. Experts are now calling for a revival of the practice to reclaim its role in understanding organisms and their interactions with the environment.
Researchers found that many children in the UK are prescribed sub-therapeutic doses of penicillin, potentially leading to increased infections and health contacts. The study calls for an urgent review of dosing guidelines for children, which have not changed in over 50 years.
Well-educated graduates who entered the workforce during economic downturns were found to be happier with their work both early and late in their careers. This relationship was mediated by gratitude for their jobs, suggesting that entering the workforce during a recession can have long-lasting benefits.
Matthew Burton, a University of Houston industrial design student, has developed an adapter system called 'Connect' that makes inserting and removing plugs easier for people with disabilities. The system recently earned first place in the International Housewares Association's 2014 Student Design Competition.
A USF study found that compromised blood-brain barrier integrity in cerebral areas distant from initial ischemic insult can lead to chronic post-stroke deficits. Restoring endothelial and/or astrocytic integrity towards BBB repair is proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy.
A gene previously unassociated with breast cancer plays a pivotal role in the growth and progression of triple negative breast cancer, a particularly deadly strain. Targeting XBP1 may offer a new approach to treating this disease.
Researchers found that warmer summers will cause more deaths in London and southeast England than the rest of the country. The odds of dying from cardiovascular or respiratory causes increased by over 10% for every 1C rise in temperature in these regions.
Researchers at Einstein will focus on discovering new immunotherapeutic candidates against Ebola and Marburg viruses, while another group will assess how well each antibody works. The project aims to advance treatments for hemorrhagic fever viruses, which cause severe diseases with high mortality rates.
Researchers have developed a new DNA test that can identify chromosomal variants and abnormalities in nearly 50% of miscarriage samples. The rescue karyotyping technique allows physicians to obtain genetic information from archived tissue, providing valuable insights into the causes of miscarriage.
A new zebra-striped structure of highly energized electrons has been discovered in Earth's inner radiation belt by an NJIT physicist. This structure, formed by the slow rotation of Earth, could pose a threat to humans in space and damage navigation and communication satellites.
A study found that premature babies supported by high-frequency oscillation had superior lung function in adolescence, with improved breathing abilities and enhanced cognitive skills. The findings suggest a potential shift in ventilation practices in UK neonatal units.
A recent clinical trial has found that statins can slow the progression of advanced multiple sclerosis, a disease that gradually causes patients to become more disabled. The study showed that patients taking simvastatin achieved better scores on movement tests and questionnaires compared to those on a placebo.
The BRONCH Express simulator is a virtual reality solution for EBUS-TBNA training, offering a realistic anatomical environment. This affordable hands-on tool aims to promote competence-based training and improve patient safety among pulmonologists and thoracic surgeons.
The new consensus document outlines steps hospitals can take to provide the safest possible environment for PCI when cardiac surgery is not available. The recommendations aim to increase safety while maintaining access to quality care for underserved patients.
Researchers at UT Arlington have found that collaboration among programmers can lead to better results, while using design patterns improves the quality of software programs and programmer productivity. The study suggests firms can speed up software programming without sacrificing quality.
Traffic engineers at Wayne State University suggest metered roundabouts, or 'super circles,' as a solution to alleviate rush-hour congestion and enhance safety in the US. The proposed system utilizes stop lights to control peak hour traffic flow, reducing capacity issues and promoting safer intersections.
A Cornell professor's new research in Science has found evidence of more complexity in the relationship between flies and their predators, the parasitic wasps. The study revealed that most wasp species are extreme specialists, with offspring only able to survive in one specific fly species.
Researchers discovered oxytocin alters anorexic patients' tendencies to fixate on high-calorie foods and body shapes. The study suggests oxytocin may be a potential treatment for anorexia, offering new hope for patients struggling with the mental health disorder.
Lignin breakthroughs provide a new approach integrating biology, chemistry and engineering to understand how plants make products and structures needed for growth and development. The research team developed models that predict how pathway enzymes affect lignin content and composition.
Researchers at Boston College manipulate a compound of strontium, iridium and oxygen into the metallic regime by substituting ruthenium metal ions. Scanning tunneling microscopy reveals the emergence of charge carriers, forming minute metallic puddles that coalesce to form a metal across which charges freely flow.
RIT is launching a new school of health and nutrition, which will focus on educating students on the role of nutrition, exercise and behavior modification in promoting healthy lifestyles. The school will also address critical health issues such as high blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and obesity.
The study found that nearly 4 million Latinas were never told they were at risk for diabetes, highlighting the need for effective and culturally sensitive follow-up care and case management. Alternate sites like optometry venues, pharmacies, or places of worship could increase access to education and self-management programs.
Emmanuel Fordjour, a UT Arlington undergraduate, has won the Council on Undergraduate Research's 2014 Posters on the Hill competition for his research on Clostridium difficile infection. He found that combining rifaximin and fusidic acid was effective against different strains of CDI in lab tests.
Margaret Cheung, a UH physicist, has been awarded the American Physical Society fellowship for her work on biophysics and its applications to cancer and Alzheimer's research. Her research focuses on understanding protein behavior in cells to develop novel therapeutic strategies.
A study found that patients with post-surgical complications are at high risk of readmission, with rates exceeding 70%. The research suggests that a simple online tool can help identify patients at risk and inform care decisions.
The University of Notre Dame has established a state-of-the-art research center for drug discovery and development, with the aim of improving lives worldwide. The Warren Family Research Center will support the translation of basic scientific discoveries into new therapeutics.
A new Harvard University study found that women of different social ranks cooperate with each other less well than men do, but not when they are at the same rank. The research suggests that biological and cultural factors may contribute to these differences in cooperation.
The American College of Surgeons publishes guidelines defining resources needed for effective and safe surgical care in infants and children. The recommendations are based on personnel, medical resources, and equipment, with three levels of care: Level I (highest), Level II, and Level III.
A Duke University-led study of nearly 80,000 middle-schoolers found that students who repeat a grade contribute to a disruptive environment, leading to increased suspensions and discipline problems. The study suggests that supporting older and retained students through tutoring and peer mentoring can improve the entire school climate.
Researchers propose using software like R Markdown to teach students the concept of reproducibility, which can lead to more transparent science. The study found that introductory statistics students who used R Markdown for homework assignments showed gradual gains in preference and no negative impact on grades.
The Hartford Consensus aims to educate law enforcement on the importance of controlling hemorrhage in active shooter incidents. The initiative, led by the American College of Surgeons, provides training and equipment for police officers to respond to mass casualty events.
Researchers discovered that an RNA binding mechanism causes fragile X syndrome to occur when there are 200 or more CGG repeats in the gene. A drug that blocks this silencing mechanism can prevent fragile X syndrome, suggesting similar therapy is possible for other diseases.