Articles tagged with Universities
A Brazilian study analyzed math test scores for 9th-grade students, revealing that performance gaps between different racial groups can largely be attributed to socio-economic factors. However, for high-scoring students, structural factors like discrimination and stereotypes play a greater role in perpetuating the gap.
A comprehensive study of French Polynesia's coral reefs has been conducted, revealing the healthiest reefs are found around islands with low elevation. The study also found that cyclones and crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks have decimated reefs in some areas.
A California law eliminating nonmedical exemptions increased vaccination rates and restored 'herd immunity,' preventing outbreaks. The study found a 3.3% increase in MMR coverage and a 4.3% increase in overall vaccination coverage, while nonmedical exemptions decreased by 2.4%.
The book Rethinking Biology highlights how biology is often oversimplified, leading to a false public understanding of biological processes. The authors study children and adults' perceptions, journalists' writing, legal contexts, and religious world views to shed light on this issue.
Researchers identified families with high carbon footprints as consuming more sweets, alcohol, and restaurant food. These food choices contribute significantly to their higher carbon footprint, with meat consumption explaining less than 10% of the difference.
A new study from the University of York found that parents' socioeconomic status and children's inherited DNA differences are powerful predictors of educational achievement. Children with high genetic propensity for education but poor backgrounds had limited access to higher education, while those with low genetic propensity but afflue...
Florida Atlantic University has partnered with colleges and transit agencies to develop a mobile app and new transit solutions to address students' transportation challenges. The project aims to reduce students' transportation costs and increase credit accumulation and year-to-year student retention.
Experts recommend developing more intuitive applications with signposting and instructions to help older adults feel comfortable navigating online banking. Self-sufficiency and technological anxiety influence behavior, making it essential to increase confidence and reduce anxiety through clear communication and usability guarantees.
Teenage pregnant women are more likely to experience poorer mental health, higher rates of substance use, and live in poverty. However, a Canadian study found that teenage pregnancy is not associated with a higher risk for preterm birth or low birth weight compared to pregnancies among women aged 20-34 years.
Researchers studied concussions experienced by undergraduate students over three academic years, finding a significant number of non-sports related concussions. The study suggests an increasing trend in non-sports related concussions among college undergrads, warranting further attention.
A newly released special issue examines the prevalence of null findings in randomized control trials, highlighting their expected and valuable role in evaluation research. Key articles propose frameworks for defining and interpreting null results, exploring context and implementation fidelity as factors influencing outcomes.
Researchers found that meerkat clans exhibit aggression by chasing or doing a 'war dance' in over half of interactions, often leading to physical violence. Winning groups move further away from the center of their territory, while losing groups are forced to retreat closer to the center.
An Argonne-led team demonstrated real-time analysis of large amounts of data from Argonne's Advanced Photon Source, showcasing low latency and high-performance capabilities. The successful demonstration highlighted the importance of near-real-time analysis for future research and development.
A graduate student at the University of Tennessee has developed a new nanocellulose-based material that provides outstanding air filtration performance, with potential to remove over 99% of fine particles in air. The filter is cost-effective and environmentally friendly, making it highly promising for indoor air purification applications.
A new technique uses spectroscopy to identify biomarker patterns in blood samples, allowing for improved diagnosis and tracking of Huntington's disease progression. The breakthrough has the potential to lead to better ways to track treatment effects.
CU Anschutz researcher reveals that the story of Merit Ptah, a celebrated ancient Egyptian woman physician, was fabricated from a misunderstanding of historical records. Peseshet, an Old Kingdom courtier's mother, bears a striking resemblance to Merit Ptah and may have been mistakenly identified as the 'first woman doctor'.
A new study suggests that individuals with psychotic disorders experience persistent cognitive impairment across all areas of ability measured. Cognitive decline in these individuals may exceed expected age-related changes in some areas, particularly those related to symptoms and employment.
The Wyss Academy for Nature tackles biodiversity losses, climate change, and land resource demands by bringing together experts from policy, business, and civil society. The initiative aims to develop forward-looking solutions on a global scale.
A study published in Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology found nearly 1-in-10 patients without symptoms were C. diff carriers, increasing the risk of infection transmission. Identifying carriers could be a key strategy to prevent C. diff spread in healthcare facilities.
A ground-breaking new study has found that conservation charities face numerous hurdles, including funding issues, inadequate leadership, and a lack of strategy. The research suggests that a typology of barriers can help conservationists identify and manage risks to their projects.
Case Western Reserve University researchers found that virtual training increased middle-school educators' ability to recognize suicidal behavior. The training, Kognito At-Risk simulation, also covers bullying and other topics, highlighting the importance of comprehensive mental health education.
A new research from a cross-organisational consortium in the Amazon found that indigenous knowledge can be as accurate as scientific transect monitoring. The study used the cultural consensus approach to develop suites of species for which their abundance could reliably be estimated.
The Greenland ice sheet has lost 3.8 trillion tonnes of ice since 1992, with the rate of ice loss increasing seven-fold over three decades. The study's findings show that the ice sheet is tracking the IPCC's high-end climate warming scenario, predicting 40 million people will be exposed to coastal flooding by 2100.
A study published in Science reveals that the three major oxygenation events on Earth occurred spontaneously due to feedbacks between the global phosphorus, carbon, and oxygen cycles. This new theory drastically increases the possibility of high-oxygen worlds existing elsewhere, making intelligent life more common.
Researchers at City, University of London are developing new vibration-control devices based on Formula 1 technology that can reduce the required weight of current TMDs by up to 70%.
Researchers found a 20-fold increase in simultaneous heatwaves in major crop-producing regions, posing risks to global food production and leading to potential harvest failures. This phenomenon can cause significant economic and societal impacts, particularly in interconnected world regions.
Researchers at McMaster University found that metformin induces the expression and secretion of protein GDF15, which suppresses appetite and may contribute to weight loss. The study opens new avenues for research into the potential effects of metformin on aging and diseases.
Researchers have developed a new approach called MACH, which reduces the training resources required for large-scale machine learning models. By dividing data into smaller buckets and using compressed sensing, the system can process 70 million queries and 49 million products in minutes, compared to hours or days with traditional methods.
A UM-led experiment has shown promise in improving subseasonal weather forecasting, providing critical lead time for natural hazards like heat waves and polar vortex. The SubX project aims to provide better subseasonal forecasts to the National Weather Service, using complex computer models and large data infrastructure.
Professor Sojung Kim at George Mason University has received funding for a PR campaigns course. Students will form public relations agencies and create campaigns to promote First Amendment freedom of speech.
Kimberly R. Avila received funding to develop a statewide program for teachers of students with visual impairments in Virginia. The consortium will provide coursework and continuing education to enable teachers to meet state required competencies.
Researchers identified patches of normal-looking kidney tissue carrying DNA changes that cause Wilms' tumour, promising improved treatment and prevention strategies. The study found epigenetic changes associated with cancer in normal kidney tissue, enabling cells to grow rapidly into pre-cancerous patches.
A McGill-led study found that people's reluctance to give up traditional stoves is linked to factors like age, education, and self-reported health. The study highlights the need for better understanding of household motivations to encourage a successful transition to clean energy.
Scientists from Tyumen State University propose a way to make higher education more accessible to students with disabilities. A special structural unit, the Council, will comprise specialists from different fields to create conditions for education and support.
Researchers have successfully reproduced electrical properties of biological neurons onto semiconductor chips, enabling medical devices to cure chronic diseases. The artificial neurons require only 140 nanoWatts of power, making them ideal for bio-electronic implants.
A recent study by researchers at SESYNC found no concrete evidence to attribute the effects of the Justinianic Plague to the pandemic. The team examined diverse datasets, including written sources, inscriptions, and pollen samples, but found that trends continued without change before and after the plague outbreak.
A recent study published in Nutrition Today found that infant and toddler foods in pouches tend to have higher sugar content and fewer single-vegetable products compared to jarred or tray-packaged options. This highlights the need for caregivers to be aware of the nutritional profiles of these popular convenience foods.
A study by Rice ecologists found that termites lose their dominance in hunted areas of an African forest, with a 170-fold decrease in abundance. Termites play crucial roles as ecosystem engineers and food sources for other organisms, highlighting the cascading impacts of megafauna loss.
Researchers used clumped isotope geochemistry to analyze fossilized clam shells and reconstruct ancient cooking techniques. The study found that the majority of clams were heated to temperatures greater than 100°C, but not greater than 200°C.
The C4 Rice Project aims to create a more efficient photosynthetic pathway, allowing rice to thrive in harsher environments. By the end of the next phase in 2024, scientists hope to have experimental field plots up and running in Taiwan.
LabSchoolsEurope aims to develop and evaluate methods for dealing with heterogeneity in primary schools, promoting democratic behavior and preventing racism. The project will create multi-lingual practice guidelines, teaching materials, and successfully tested sequences that can be made available online.
A new project by University of Limerick aims to deliver more effective brachytherapy cancer treatment through advanced real-time radiation dose imaging and source localisation. The Origin project has the potential to reduce treatment errors in prostate and gynaecological cancers by up to 55%.
Researchers from McGill University and the University of California, Davis, discovered that puffin beaks can drop by 5°C within 30 minutes of landing, suggesting an evolutionary trait to cool down during flight. This study suggests that large bills may have evolved to help birds dissipate heat from energetically demanding activities.
The collaboration supports a four-year PhD programme to improve Li-S battery cycle life, funded by EPSRC and Swansea University. The partnership aims to promote Wales as a leading commercial production site for lithium sulfur cells.
A recent study by San Francisco State University professors found that students' tolerance for cheating in the classroom is linked to their openness to unethical behavior on the job. Group-oriented students, or collectivists, were more likely to be tolerant of cheating due to their desire to maintain group cohesion.
Cornell University physicists have developed a self-assembling system using magnets to mimic specific binding in DNA. By controlling magnetic interactions, they can create unique structures and potentially build nanoscale machines.
A new study by Temple University Health System scientists shows that extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) can defend against tauopathies, a type of mental decline linked to frontotemporal dementia. EVOO supplementation in mice with abnormal tau protein resulted in a 60% reduction in damaging deposits and improved brain function.
Researchers unveil molecular mechanisms governing saliva's lubrication properties, resolving distinct roles played by mucin- and non-mucinous proteins. Hydrated mucin forms a mesh-like nano-reservoir trapping water molecules, while positively-charged small molecular proteins aid boundary lubrication.
A recent study by Ben-Gurion University of the Negev found that consumers make more accurate purchasing decisions using desktop computers compared to smartphones. The researchers discovered that mobile-friendly websites reduce information output and require more searching, whereas PC-based sites provide a clearer shopping experience.
A new study reveals that integrating students' experiences of social oppression into the classroom strengthens entrepreneurial and STEM skills among underrepresented groups. Community college students who participated in a five-week social entrepreneurship program reported large gains in confidence and technology readiness.
A McMaster University study found that virtual and mixed reality inferior to traditional physical models for anatomy learning. The research showed a 70% increase in accuracy with traditional physical models compared to digital media.
A new study from the University of Leeds found that students who rarely ate breakfast on school days achieved lower GCSE grades. Students who frequently ate breakfast scored an average of nearly two grades higher than those who rarely did.
Researchers at Temple University Health System standardized the definition of neighborhood mass shootings and found 46 incidents in Philadelphia from 2006-2015. The majority of victims were black males under 25, and most events received limited media coverage.
Researchers at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and the Salk Institute will explore how spinal networks control movement, developing new treatments for neurological diseases and spinal cord injuries. They aim to create a high-resolution atlas of mouse brain movements and develop testable models of neural interactions.
Researchers at the University of Sheffield have identified an antibody that can potentially become a new treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Treatment with this specific antibody was found to reverse the process behind PAH development, showing promise for clinical development.
A team of researchers from Ben-Gurion University has developed an innovative approach to kill mosquito larvae by delivering bacteria into the male mosquito's gut during mating. The method uses natural bacteria that produce a toxin only lethal to mosquito larvae, resulting in a targeted and effective biological pest control solution.
Researchers at NTU Singapore found that gut microbes can alter the ageing process by increasing neurogenesis and regulating energy metabolism. The discovery highlights a potential food-based treatment to slow down ageing, using butyrate produced by microbial fermentation of dietary fibres.
A new study conducted at the University of Georgia found that feelings of neighborhood pride and interactions with tourists influence residents' attitudes towards short-term vacation rentals. The study, which surveyed residents in Savannah, Georgia, suggests that well-designed regulations can foster support for these types of rentals.
Researchers at Rice University developed bottlebrush copolymers to refine surface coatings, making them more waterproof or conductive. The polymers' migration to top and bottom of thin films can effectively decouple properties of bulk coating from exposed surfaces.
Researchers have solved the structure of cytochrome b6f, a protein complex that powers plant growth via photosynthesis. The discovery reveals new insights into how the complex regulates photosynthetic efficiency in response to environmental conditions.