Articles tagged with Animal Research
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A leading expert warns that amphibian declines are a complex problem with multiple causes, including rising levels of UV-B radiation, pathogens, and pollutants. The lack of a single cause does not diminish the seriousness of this ecological phenomenon.
Researchers found that tiny mussels on whale bones and wood fragments are closely related to giant vent mussels, suggesting they could be evolutionary intermediates. The study suggests rotting whales may provide a missing link between vent and shallow-water mussel species.
Researchers at the University of Washington found a strong correlation between the diversity of plants, algae, and bacteria in an ecosystem. The study suggests that altering biodiversity can have far-reaching effects on the entire food chain.
Researchers identified a new treatment approach that could prevent life-threatening complications of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. A drug called 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) improved secretion of mutant protein, increasing levels by 20% to 50%. This approach may also help patients with other diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
UC San Diego bioengineers discover that blocking powerful pancreatic digestive enzymes in the intestine can prevent shock and multiple organ failure in experimental animals. This breakthrough provides clues into cellular mechanisms leading to shock and may lead to therapies to prevent and treat ischemic shock.
Researchers found that adolescent alcohol dependence was associated with impaired memory function, particularly in verbal and nonverbal retention. Heavy drinking over time also linked to poor visuospatial functioning and retrieval of verbal and nonverbal information.
Researchers at UC Irvine have developed a method to study the function of genes necessary for limb regeneration in salamanders, a finding that may provide key information for treating ailments like spinal cord injury and deep wounds. By understanding the process of regeneration, researchers may find new approaches and therapies for rep...
A University of Florida researcher has developed a genetically altered bacteria strain, called an effector strain, that can permanently prevent tooth decay. The new strain, constructed from the naturally occurring bacterium Streptococcus mutans, breaks down food sugars and thrives on high-sugar diets.
Researchers found that honeybees rely on image motion to monitor flight distances of hundreds of meters in natural environments. Bees were also affected by visual cues such as tunnel decorations and walls, with some patterns amplifying their perception of distance.
Tubeworms living in cold, calm hydrocarbon-seep sites in the Gulf of Mexico have surprisingly long life spans, growing up to 2 meters over 170-250 years. In contrast, their cousins at hot and dynamic hydrothermal vents grow just one meter in a year. The researchers aim to understand why these animals live so long and grow slowly.
New research reveals poaching's significant effects on forest plants, including increased palm regeneration despite reduced mammal populations. The study found that poaching increased beetle predation of dispersed seeds, while rodent predation decreased.
Eight scientists have been selected for the Gerhard Hess prize for their groundbreaking work in humanities, biology, and medicine. The winners include Dr. Martin Wallraff for his critical edition of a Christian author's chronography, and Dr. Thomas Behr for developing radioimmunotherapies to treat tumours.
Researchers have developed a revolutionary material derived from the small intestine of pigs that can heal chronic sores, treat urinary incontinence in women, and repair internal organs. The material, called SIS, functions as a natural framework for repairing tissue and contains growth factors that signal the healing process.
Researchers have successfully cloned mice using embryonic stem cells, achieving the highest efficiency to date. The new technology allows for modification of genetic material before cloning, improving understanding of cloning challenges and potential benefits in biomedical research and agriculture.
A new polymer, polyethylene glycol (PEG), has been shown to rapidly repair damaged nerve membranes in live guinea pigs with severe spinal cord injuries. The treatment can be applied up to eight hours after the injury without losing benefits, offering promise for rescuing substantial portions of damaged spinal cord tissue.
A Colorado State University professor believes that groundhogs emerge from hibernation based on their linoleic and linolenic acid levels. He suggests that these fatty acids affect the animal's activity levels during hibernation, rather than traditional shadow tricks.
A high fibre diet was found to lower PSA levels in men, suggesting a potential link between soluble fibre and reduced prostate cancer risk. The study also supported existing advice to eat more vegetable foods and less animal products in preventing prostate cancer.
A research team has found that the immune system protein Crry is essential for fetomaternal tolerance in mice, preventing destruction of the developing fetus. Without this protein, complement components activate, leading to embryonic death and miscarriage.
A new trial found that lowering copper levels with a cheap compound called tetrathiomolybdate stabilized tumors and prevented their growth in five out of six patients. The copper strategy targets angiogenesis, a process allowing tumors to expand beyond a cluster of cells. Researchers hope it could contribute to cancer eradication in th...
Methylnaltrexone reverses opioid-induced constipation in over 90% of patients, providing relief from debilitating symptoms. The drug is designed to block morphine's effects on gut motility without interfering with pain relief.
Researchers at Oregon Health & Science University have successfully cloned an identical monkey named Tetra using embryo splitting. This breakthrough method shows promise for accelerating discoveries in human diseases like Alzheimer's, AIDS, and cancer.
Physicist Jacquelyn Yanch has devised a new method to combat severe rheumatoid arthritis by injecting boron compounds and exposing joints to neutron beams, killing the synovium lining. Early results on rabbits are promising, but human trials are still needed.
Chronic stress can cause immune system dysfunction, brain cell damage and impaired learning. Long-term alcohol exposure blunts the body's ability to respond to stress, leading to a domino-like effect on hormone release and ultimately damaging the immune system.
A study published in the Journal of Biogeography analyzed over 184,000 mammal bones and teeth from Homestead Cave in Utah, revealing how climate change affected small mammal populations. The findings suggest that arid-loving kangaroo rats thrived during warmer conditions, while others became extinct or disappeared.
A new study reveals that phytoplankton quality, rather than quantity, is a critical factor in supporting thriving fish populations and clear water in lake ecosystems. Phytoplankton with high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids support higher zooplankton growth rates, leading to positive effects on both ends of the food chain.
Researchers found that expectant fathers' hormones fluctuate during pregnancy, mimicking their partners' changes. Testosterone levels dropped significantly after birth, and lower levels were associated with increased paternal behavior.
The Mouse Models of Human Cancer Consortium brings together 19 university-based research teams to share ideas, results, and reagents, aiming to develop predictive models and pre-clinical drug testing. This cooperative approach is expected to greatly improve understanding of cancer development and biomarker evaluation.
A new study reveals that backyard burning of household trash can release significant amounts of dioxins and furans into the air. Under controlled conditions, family-sized backyard burns can produce emissions comparable to those from a well-controlled municipal waste incinerator serving tens of thousands of households.
Researchers discover a method to find peptides that mimic antibodies by binding to specific peptide epitopes, opening up new possibilities for biomedical research and medical diagnostics. The discovery could lead to more field-practical sensors to detect biowarfare agents and other applications.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have used a gene repair technique to genetically change white albino mice hairs to black, showing stable and long-lasting changes in skin cells. The technique has potential as a treatment for some hereditary diseases by correcting genetic mutations.
A groundbreaking mouse study has identified the molecular mechanism behind morphine tolerance, offering new hope for more effective pain management. The research found that genetically engineered mice lacking a key protein exhibited prolonged analgesia and reduced tolerance to morphine.
Researchers are testing gene therapy using nerve growth factor (NGF) to slow Alzheimer's disease progression. The trial aims to assess the safety of NGF-producing cells injected into patients' brains, with potential benefits for slowing dementia.
The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases has awarded nearly $4 million for new projects on autoimmune diseases. These projects enhance the NIAMS' commitment in this area, focusing on nine conditions that affect almost every human organ system.
Researchers at Wayne State University have designed two novel antibiotics to combat antibiotic resistance. The 'self-destructive' antibiotic breaks down in the presence of light, while the 'self-regenerating' antibiotic remains effective against resistant bacteria by releasing its active form after encountering resistance enzymes.
Researchers at UCSF found that reducing a worm's ability to perceive its environment through smell or taste extends its lifespan by more than a third, from two weeks to three or four weeks. This suggests that chemical signals from the environment, possibly pheromones or food smells, influence aging in C. elegans.
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill has been selected as one of two Regional Mutant Mouse Resource Centers by the National Institutes of Health. This grant will enable the expansion of Jackson Laboratories' capabilities to characterize, maintain, and distribute mutant mouse models to the research community. The new center w...
A recent study published in Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research found that moderate alcohol consumption can decrease production and circulating levels of fibrinogen by up to 20 percent, thereby decreasing harmful clotting. This reduction may lower the risk of heart attack and coronary artery disease.
Scientists identify key lipids essential for proper myelin sheath formation, providing new insights into myelin biology and multiple sclerosis. The discovery sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying nerve sheath abnormalities.
A new study suggests that a diet without vitamins A and E may help cancer patients by reducing the size of brain tumors and inducing oxidant stress in cancer cells. This could lead to improved outcomes for those undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy, as antioxidants can prevent cancer cells from self-destructing.
The researchers created mouse models with benign and malignant NF1-related tumors to study the disease. The studies revealed that neurofibroma tumors invariably include cells lacking the NF1 gene, and that anti-Ras drugs might be useful in treating NF1.
Researchers used global transposon mutagenesis to find the minimal set of genes required for Mycoplasma genitalium survival. The study reveals roughly a third of genes are unnecessary, and further work will explain the functions of these remaining genes.
Researchers at McGill University have developed a new vaccine approach to block molecules that prevent nerve regeneration in spinal cord injuries. The technique showed significant regrowth of nerve fibers, outperforming previous methods.
Researchers have mapped the functional organization of the hippocampus, a critical area for short-term memory, using microelectrodes to record electrical impulses from individual neurons. The study shows that different portions of the hippocampus are active at different times depending on the type of memory function required.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins have discovered striking differences in the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) between men and women, which may explain well-known trends such as more men exceling in math and physics. The study found that men have a larger IPL overall and on their left side, while women have a larger right IPL.
Deep-sea animals have higher concentrations of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), a compound that helps proteins withstand high pressures and misfolded proteins. TMAO's protective power extends beyond sea creatures to humans, with potential applications in cystic fibrosis treatment.
Researchers have successfully delivered additional copies of a gene called SERCA2a to muscle cells from failing human hearts, enabling them to function normally. This breakthrough could lead to novel therapeutic approaches for heart failure, which affects millions worldwide.
A new research project aims to study the relationship between hydrology, plant, animal, and human communities in the Cosumnes watershed. The project will inform river and floodplain restoration programs throughout the Central Valley.
Duke University researchers have defined the distribution of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors in human blood vessels, shedding light on potential new treatments for diseases such as high blood pressure and prostate enlargement. The study's findings suggest that aging processes alter receptor expression, making it crucial to develop targete...
A Vanderbilt University study found high bacterial levels in Nashville runoff from pets and urban wildlife, contradicting the assumption that human waste is the primary source. The research suggests that animal wastes can taint fresh streams and rivers, killing aquatic life.
Scientists found that pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) works in concert with glutamate to adjust the body's internal clock. Bright light at night triggers the release of both molecules, which convey information about light properties to the brain.
Researchers developed a treatment using embryonic stem cells that improves rat spinal cord injury recovery. The treatment, involving nerve cell precursors, promotes substantial improvements in locomotion when instituted after the injury process is complete.
A new study by University of Washington researcher Henry Lai has found that exposure to cell phone microwaves may affect long-term memory in rats. The rats were trained to navigate a pool and recall the location of a submerged platform, with those exposed to microwaves showing impaired spatial reference mapping and learning strategies.
Researchers created a transgenic rat model with human CETP to study atherosclerosis. The study showed that elevated CETP contributes to the development of atherosclerosis, supporting the use of an antibody-based vaccine to raise HDL cholesterol levels.
Researchers have developed a new method to explore autoimmune mechanisms in chronic Lyme disease, which could lead to better diagnosis and treatment. The technique identifies specific bits of the Lyme agent that trigger an immune response against the body's own cells.
A study published in the Journal of Nutrition found that consuming dairy products rich in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduced the incidence and number of mammary tumors in pubescent rats. CLA was shown to decrease the proliferation rate of mammary terminal end bud cells by 30%.
The center aims to understand how changes in the brain cause pathological anxiety states and seek clues from basic research that could lead to new treatments. It will conduct research with model species and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of human subjects to shed light on why particular treatments are effective.
Scientists create mouse model to track immature T cells' transformation into specialized killer T cells capable of destroying infected or cancerous cells. The research aims to understand how the immune system thwarts T cell functionality in diseases like HIV and cancer.
A recent study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science found significant differences in physical appearance and reproductive maturity among skinks living at forest edges compared to those in isolated populations. The research suggests that natural selection, rather than geographic isolation, plays a key role in ...
For the first time, researchers have produced three-dimensional images of Alzheimer's disease plaques. The milestone was made possible by combining high-resolution magnetic resonance microscopy with powerful computers. The technique allows for non-invasive detection and study of plaque development in human and animal brain tissue.
A molecule family known as CSPGs is found to form a barrier that prevents nerve fiber connections from growing after spinal cord injury. Researchers at the University of Florida Brain Institute suggest that this could be a key factor contributing to the failure of adult mammals to regenerate their spinal cords.