Articles tagged with Animal Research
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers found that cow clones exhibit youthful telomeres, indicating a potential for increased lifespan, whereas normal cells age prematurely. This breakthrough erases doubts about cloning's utility by showing it doesn't rob cells of their normal lifespan.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that people with high hostility and anger levels showed higher homocysteine concentrations, associated with coronary heart disease. The study also revealed that men are more likely to have higher homocysteine levels due to increased hostility and inhibition of anger.
A study published in Annals of Neurology reveals that people with migraines experience extreme skin sensitivity, which may explain why current medications are ineffective. The researchers suggest treating migraines as soon as the pain starts and developing new treatments targeting spinal cord neurons.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine found that zafirlukast effectively reduces lung and nasal allergic symptoms in cat allergy sufferers. The study tested 18 individuals with cat allergies, showing significant relief from wheezing and shortness of breath.
A study found that infant rats nursed by intoxicated mothers exhibit greater distress and aversion to alcohol, suggesting the mother's altered behavior is what causes their reaction. The researchers also suggest that early learning about alcohol is based on sensory experiences and context.
A chemoprevention regimen containing myoinositol and dexamethasone has been shown to effectively prevent lung tumors in male mice exposed to cigarette smoke. The regimen worked when given daily during exposure or after the mice had returned to clean air, reducing tumor incidence by nearly 40%.
Researchers have identified a new strain of antibiotic-resistant salmonella bacteria in the US, prompting concerns over effective treatment options. The bacteria, which is resistant to cephalosporins, has been linked to outbreaks in poultry and other foods, posing a significant threat to public health.
Scientists have successfully cloned calves from old cells, showing a return to a more youthful state and longer lifespan. The study's findings could lead to effective cloning methods in medicine and agriculture.
A study by Duke University Medical Center has shown that blocking a key enzyme pathway can prevent the onset of heart failure. The researchers found that blocking ß-adrenergic receptor kinase (ßARK) after a heart attack preserves heart function, providing a promising new avenue for treating and preventing heart failure.
Researchers have discovered a dinosaur fossil with a four-chambered heart, similar to those of birds and mammals. The discovery suggests that the dinosaur was warm-blooded, with a high metabolism, and may have had a more complex circulatory system than previously thought.
Research at Penn State reveals vitamin D deficiency worsens symptoms of Chron's disease and ulcerative colitis in mice, while treatment with Vitamin D supplements reduces inflammation. The connection between vitamin D status and inflammatory bowel disease incidence is also suggested by geographical distribution.
Researchers found nearly 1,000 cave species in the continental US, with over 60% living in a single county or cave. Protecting land above caves is crucial to save these species from disruptions to vegetation and drainage basins.
Researchers found that Florida scrub-jays nesting along roadsides die at a higher rate than those on non-road territories, with up to half of new breeders dying in their first two years. The roadside death rate is particularly high for young fledglings and newly arrived breeders.
Hawaii's dry forests require more than just grazing removal to regenerate; invasive species like non-native rodents and fountain grass also play a significant role. Active management is necessary to control these invaders and reintroduce native species, say researchers.
Researchers found that common food preservatives appear to enhance the cavity-protecting action of fluoride, leading to fewer cavities in rats. Avoiding high-sugar foods, maintaining good brushing habits, and regular dental checkups remain essential for preventing cavities.
Researchers found that marine mammals take advantage of buoyancy changes with depth, allowing them to glide rather than swim during deep dives. This strategy enables animals to extend their dives and conserve energy.
Researchers found that combretastatin A-4 prodrug significantly enhances the effectiveness of standard chemotherapy agents in laboratory animals. Combining the drug with chemotherapy resulted in a 10 to 500 times increase in tumor cell death, compared to using chemotherapy alone.
The Albert B. Sabin Heroes of Science Awards recognize individuals who have made significant contributions to biomedical research, including vaccine development and transplant surgery. This year's awardees include Dave and Lynn Frohnmayer, Maurice R. Hilleman, Francis Daniels Moore, Ruth L. Kirschstein, and John Edward Porter.
Scientists at Bristol-Myers Squibb identified a novel class of phosphodiesterase inhibitors that act on the same target as sildenafil, showing improved efficacy and selectivity in treating erectile dysfunction. The new compounds were found to be more potent and selective than sildenafil against various forms of the enzyme.
Elias J. Corey has developed a new method for synthesizing ecteinascidin and phthalascidin, two drugs estimated to be at least 100 times more powerful than Taxol in inhibiting tumor cell growth. The findings have shown promising results in soft-tissue sarcoma treatment and could lead to faster availability of these life-saving drugs.
Researchers have developed a method to modify an allergen, like ragweed, into a vaccine that induces protective molecules, type 1 helper T cells (Th1), inhibiting the allergic inflammatory reaction. The new vaccine, named AIC, was found to be 180 times less allergenic than a licensed product in human studies.
Scientists have found a genetic switch that helps calm anxiety in mice, revealing the role of Crhr2 receptor in reducing stress response. The discovery provides an initial motivation for further dissecting potential drug discovery programs.
UW researchers find that oscillating magnetic fields can kill malaria parasites by damaging their iron-containing structures. The treatment could be inexpensive and simple, bypassing emerging drug resistance concerns.
The South Central Section of the Geological Society of America will explore the effects of animal waste on groundwater quality. Scientists will present studies on the survival rate of bacteria in groundwater, hydrogeologic investigations revealing interbasin recharge's impact on nutrient loads.
Researchers at Cornell University have identified and cloned a key gene in the reproductive system of male cockroaches, which could lead to the development of safe and effective birth control. The goal is to create a pesticide that specifically targets pests without harming other insects or humans.
Researchers explore biotechnology for healthier foods, enzymes for proper digestion, rapid pathogen detection, and advanced packaging materials. These advancements aim to delay chronic disease, improve mental and physical performance, and enhance food safety.
Cornell University materials engineers have created a polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanocomposite that can be used to deliver drugs to the human brain or bloodstream. The material, with chains of polymer molecules controlling drug flow, has potential applications in tissue engineering and enzyme carriers.
A new study suggests that mothers' depression may cause their daughters to enter puberty earlier. Researchers found a correlation between maternal depression and the timing of puberty in adolescent girls. The study also discovered a link between exposure to unrelated adult men, such as stepfathers, and early puberty in girls.
Researchers have created a fly model of Parkinson's disease, replicating the dense protein inclusions and symptoms of the disease. The flies exhibit loss of dopamine-producing neurons and motor deficits, similar to those found in humans, making them an ideal model for testing new drugs and therapeutic approaches.
Samuel Danishefsky has developed anti-cancer vaccines that stimulate the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. His research also explores laboratory versions of natural products with potential to combat cancer. Several vaccines are entering Phase II and III clinical trials to test their effectiveness.
Researchers have developed a new biomaterial that uses an electricity-conducting polymer in combination with a naturally occurring sugar molecule to stimulate nerve growth. The material breaks down over time, allowing the nerve to grow and reach its target weeks or months later.
A joint Canadian-United States study found that flavonoids from orange and tangerine juice inhibited the growth of prostate, lung, and melanoma cells. The compounds were particularly effective against human prostate cancer cells, with small amounts inhibiting cancer cell proliferation.
A new polymer-drug combination has inhibited the growth of ovarian cancer cell lines by up to 97% in two previous treatments. Researchers are now investigating the effects of varying metal combinations, hoping to find a more effective treatment for this deadly form of cancer.
Certain long-chain alcohols can reverse ethanol's antiadhesive effects on nerve cells, suggesting potential medications to reduce the damaging effects of alcohol. The findings may lead to a better understanding and prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome and its related neurotoxic effects.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins describe fundamental shape of telomerase molecule in mammals and other vertebrates, identifying four common areas highly involved with the enzyme's working. This new information may prompt approaches to inhibit the enzyme, which is active in cancer cells and contributes to their continuous cell division.
Researchers found that biodiesel fuel reduced carbon monoxide and particulate matter emissions by 12-14% and 25%, respectively. The lower oxygen content of biodiesel also helped reduce hydrocarbon emissions.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center used a modified cold virus to deliver a nitric oxide-producing gene to key liver cells in rats, reversing portal hypertension. This approach may eventually prove feasible for humans suffering from liver cirrhosis.
Researchers found that MK-801 blocks the sensitizing effects of alcohol, making it a potential treatment for addiction. Behavioral sensitization is a phenomenon where repeated exposure to alcohol increases its rewarding effects, leading to overconsumption and addiction.
Researchers found that fruit flies exhibit behavioral and molecular changes similar to those observed in mammals, suggesting they may be capable of sleeping. The study provides new insights into the functions of sleep and could lead to the development of new treatments for human sleep disorders.
An asteroid impact would cause catastrophic destruction and an impact winter, but a subsequent 'ultraviolet spring' could be even more devastating due to ozone depletion and acid rain. This period of intense UV radiation could lead to widespread DNA damage, mutations, cancer, and plant death.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University found that brain cells 'synchronize' to pay attention to a single stream of sensory information. This synchronization, like singing in a chorus, enables the brain to filter out distractions and prioritize important stimuli.
A new University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill study confirms that Thoroughbred horse racing is also a sport of serious injuries. Researchers found 6,545 injuries among 2,700 licensed jockeys over a four-year period, with most head injuries resulting from being thrown or struck by the horse's head.
Researchers found that short periods of stress can enhance the immune system's response to foreign invaders, such as bacteria and viruses. The study showed that mice with normal gamma interferon function had a more robust immune response after being stressed.
Researchers found that falling snowflakes create noise underwater by oscillating bubbles, which can be detected by aquatic animals and blur sensitive sonar readings. The study suggests that snowflake sounds could be a significant source of underwater clutter for people using sonar devices.
Scientists find that cryptochrome, a blue-light photoreceptor, may play a role in processing visual clues from the magnetic field and staying on course. The discovery was made using chemical experiments and computational modeling.
The program aims to control the raccoon rabies epidemic by delivering oral vaccines through baits. The goal is to protect citizens and companion animals from exposure to the deadly virus.
Researchers discovered that HIV attaches to immature immune cells called dendritic cells on mucosal surfaces, allowing it to infect the rest of the immune system. A specific dendritic cell receptor called DC-SIGN is identified as the key entry point for the virus.
A high dose of estrogen administered soon after a stroke can prevent substantial brain damage in laboratory animals, with a 60% decrease in brain cell death. The study builds on observations that postmenopausal women who take estrogen replacement therapy are more likely to survive stroke.
A new ultrasound technique using sound can painlessly extract important molecules from the skin, opening up possibilities for non-invasive glucose monitoring in diabetics. The researchers also discovered that this approach could be combined with drug delivery via ultrasound, paving the way for a potential wristwatch or patch.
Researchers found that apoE4, a high-risk version of the lipoprotein, directly promotes the development of neuritic plaques in the brain by enabling amyloid-beta to form into hair-shaped fibrils. ApoE3 had less damaging effects. The study used a mouse model and showed that apoE interaction with amyloid-beta leads to neurodegeneration.
A study by Emory University researchers found that Wernicke's area, a region of the brain known for language processing, also monitors nonverbal predictability. This suggests that our ability to acquire language may stem from our subconscious recognition of predictable events.
Researchers have developed a new and painless way to measure glucose levels in diabetics using low-frequency ultrasound. The method, described in a recent study, involves making the skin permeable with ultrasound waves, allowing glucose to cross the skin and be measured continuously for up to 12 hours.
A study found that male mangabeys in secondary forests weigh less and are more likely to leave their groups, making them vulnerable to predators. The research suggests that logging may impact the health and behavior of primates in African forests.
New research suggests that mother baboons do not use their voices to call back to lost infants, contrary to previous assumptions. This lack of 'theory of mind' is believed to be due to the inability to recognize that other animals have thoughts and feelings apart from their own.
A new study reveals that female birds in tropical regions have fewer babies per nesting attempt than those in moderate, northern climates. Researchers found that clutch sizes were smaller for species with higher predation rates, but the data didn't fit the Skutch theory, suggesting other factors may be at play.
Researchers have developed an oral vaccine that protects rats' brains from stroke and prevents seizures, with significant protection for at least five months after a single dose. The vaccine targets the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, blocking it to prevent brain cell death and damage.
Scientists at Ohio University and Russia discovered that carnosine and N-acetyl-carnosine can prevent alcohol's assault on red blood cells, allowing them to maintain their healthy shapes. The findings have implications for the development of a treatment for anemia in alcoholics.
Researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital report that delivering extra copies of the SERCA2a gene to the heart muscle via gene therapy techniques alleviates diastolic dysfunction in aging rats. This study provides a potential target for therapies to prevent progression to heart failure.
A study by Jeffrey Mogil, a professor of psychology and neuroscience at the University of Illinois, reveals that genetic differences play a significant role in pain response. The research found that involved genes are different in males and females, leading to varying responses to pain and analgesics.
Leishmaniasis, a deadly tropical disease, has been cured with nearly 100% effectiveness using the oral treatment Miltefosine. The new therapy was discovered in India and shows promise for treating visceral leishmaniasis, a particularly fatal form of the disease.