Articles tagged with Animal Research
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have developed a chemically switchable approach to study kinases, crucial for signal transmission in all cells. The technique allows precise experiments to determine the specific function of hundreds of kinases without disrupting overall cell function.
Geneticists discover a highly conserved mechanism in zebrafish and fruitfly eyes that controls nerve cell formation, forming the basis for eye development. This shared mechanism strongly argues for a common evolutionary origin of animal eyes.
Researchers discovered that snapping shrimp produce sound by collapsing bubbles from their snapping claw. The bubbles collapse and generate a shock wave that stuns prey, using cavitation damage previously thought to be harmful to ship propellers.
Researchers found that a Tat-specific killer T cell response can effectively contain simian immunodeficiency virus during early infection, leading to a massive immune response. The study suggests a new approach to designing HIV vaccines by stimulating immune responses against virus proteins produced within hours of infection.
University of Maryland researchers successfully created a new brain circuit that takes over damaged vision functions in newborn hamsters. The study suggests that surgically created neural pathways might one day be used to treat brain damage and restore lost functions like vision or hearing.
Researchers found that female mice lacking IRS-2 protein are infertile due to defective ovaries and abnormal hormone production. The study suggests an evolutionarily conserved pathway linking energy metabolism and fertility in humans and animals, with potential implications for diabetes treatment.
The extinction of the Miss Waldron's red colobus monkey is a warning sign of an impending ecological disaster in West Africa. The loss of large-bodied monkeys, including primates and forest antelope, threatens the region's biodiversity, highlighting the need for improved law enforcement, protected areas, and conservation education.
A study of 18,244 Chinese males found that consuming cruciferous vegetables like broccoli was protective against lung cancer. The benefit depends on genetic factors, with subjects lacking the metabolism enzyme GSTM1 showing a 64% decrease in risk of lung cancer.
The NIH has awarded a grant to MetaPhore Pharmaceuticals to study potential new treatments for acute and chronic pain. The research aims to develop metal-based compounds that mimic the body's natural defense mechanism against oxidative damage, with the goal of creating non-opiate drugs for pain management.
Researchers at Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute discover a novel light-absorbing pigment in oceanic bacteria, which can generate cellular energy using light. This finding suggests that a new type of microorganism is capable of harnessing light energy in the ocean's sunlit surface zone.
Research found that prenatal brains metabolize alcohol differently than adult brains, leading to a rapid accumulation of toxic acetaldehyde. The study suggests that drinking alcoholic beverages during pregnancy can be particularly damaging to the fetus, especially the fetal brain.
Researchers created a triple-threat drug that takes multiple approaches to combat brain cell death associated with stroke. The drug, SUN N8075, blocks calcium and sodium channels and acts as a strong antioxidant, preventing further damage.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found a strong link between brain cell loss in Gulf War veterans and abnormal over-production of dopamine, a neurotransmitter chemical important in degenerative brain diseases. The study suggests that the brain damage may be having a real effect on these veterans' brain function.
A recent study suggests that naltrexone's effectiveness in treating alcoholism may be influenced by individual metabolism. Measuring blood levels of the medication's major metabolite, 6-beta-naltrexol, may help determine the optimal dosage for each patient. This approach could lead to better treatment outcomes and reduced relapse rates.
The study reveals up to 149 conserved chromosome segments in humans and cattle, including four whole chromosomes with the same genes, despite a 60-million-year evolutionary gap. The comparative map will facilitate identification of genes controlling important traits in both species.
Researchers propose that wolf presence in Yellowstone reduces elk browsing, allowing aspen trees to grow and recover. Aspen groves were largely lost due to human activity, but the absence of wolves is thought to be a key factor.
Scientists have identified genetic resistance to aflatoxin production in over five major crops, with commercially usable resistant varieties expected to be available soon. Crop management practices such as irrigation and early harvesting can also significantly reduce aflatoxin content.
A new study by Penn State and University of Nebraska researchers found that men who are moderately aggressive have stronger immune systems. The study analyzed data from 4,415 men aged 30-48 years and found that those with higher levels of aggression had higher concentrations of specific white blood cells, which could help them better f...
The study reveals that a catastrophic global die off of vegetation led to the rapid transformation of river systems from meandering to braided streams. This shift, occurring at the end of the Permian Period and the beginning of the Triassic, was accompanied by massive extinctions of marine and land vertebrate species.
A $10 million-per-year project allows researchers worldwide to collaborate on studying cell signaling, with the goal of developing a 'virtual cell' for testing new drugs. The Alliance for Cellular Signaling (AFCS) will help understand the global properties of cellular signaling, leading to breakthroughs in medical research.
The study found that the Gz protein conveys signals from epinephrine, supporting the body's ability to stave off lethal blood clots and avoid strokes. The research also sheds light on human drug dependency and holds promise for the development of more effective painkillers, anti-depressants, and clot-busters.
HHMI researchers have found a way to shut down the inflammatory response in cells that spares related mechanisms needed for proper function. The treatment relieves inflammation in mice with surprising effectiveness by targeting NF-kB.
Researchers at UCSD Institute of Molecular Medicine have discovered a new genetic pathway that plays a pivotal role in the onset of sudden cardiac death. The study found defects in genes controlling heart's electrical wiring may lead to ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death.
A study published in Nature Medicine found that metformin may help treat fatty liver disease in patients with obesity-related insulin resistance. The drug completely cured fatty liver in mice and showed promise in reducing liver inflammation and improving insulin sensitivity.
Scientists have nearly eliminated pre-cancerous colon polyps in mice susceptible to colon tumors by combining an aspirin-like compound with a drug that inhibits epidermal growth factor activity. The combination therapy successfully blocked the development of pre-cancerous polyps and reduced cancerous tumor formation by over 95%.
University of Iowa researchers found that injecting angioblasts, precursor cells for endothelial cells, accelerates blood flow restoration in diabetic mice. This breakthrough has implications for treating diabetes-related circulatory problems and improving limb health.
Research by Penn State and University of Nebraska found that moderate aggression is associated with a stronger immune system, particularly among CD4 cells. Men who reported engaging in occasional fights or aggressive acts had higher levels of lymphocytes, indicating a more rapid and intense response to pathogens.
Adolescents raised on a strict macrobiotic diet during infancy and early childhood show signs of impaired cognitive function, including lower intelligence and spatial ability scores. A study found an association between vitamin B12 status and cognitive abilities, highlighting the potential risks of avoiding animal products.
New research highlights pesticides, agricultural runoff, and animal by-products as major contributors to the Chesapeake Bay's ecological issues. Scientists examine the impact of endocrine disrupters, copper-based pesticides, and atmospheric ammonia emissions from swine farms on marine life.
Agricultural copper transport and toxicity in runoff from tomato fields to estuaries remains a significant concern, with sedimentation basins offering only partial solutions. Researchers found that even with reduced copper concentrations, bioavailable forms still pose harm to aquatic life.
Chemists at the University of Georgia have developed a new approach to synthesizing key components of Heparin, a widely used anti-coagulant. This method could lead to novel ways to fight disease or improve human health by understanding the structure-function relationships of Heparin.
Researchers have successfully synthesized a highly potent memory-enhancing compound by joining two fragments of the Huperzine A molecule with a molecular tether. This simplified fragment can be easily produced from cheap, commercially available chemicals and has been shown to improve memory in animal tests.
A research team at Johns Hopkins University has designed four different versions of vitamin D and tested them on mice, showing that one candidate can reduce tumor incidence by 28% and number of tumors by 63%. The results demonstrate the potential effectiveness of a chemically modified version of vitamin D in preventing cancer.
A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that ondansetron, a serotonin-based medication, reduced drinks per day and increased abstinence rates in patients with early-onset alcoholism. The researchers suggest that ondansetron may ameliorate an inherited serotonergic abnormality in this subtype.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have created a new compound that helps delay the onset and reduce the number of skin cancers in lab mice. The compound, a modified form of vitamin D, does not cause calcium loss, making it a potential alternative approach to reducing cancer risk.
Researchers have successfully transplanted laboratory-grown neuronal cells into the brains of stroke patients, showing promise for recovering lost abilities. Six months after transplantation, six patients showed significant improvements in motor skills and metabolism, suggesting integration with existing tissue.
Researchers found that lard and choice white grease produce less nitrogen oxides, ash, and carbon monoxide when burned compared to No. 6 fuel oil. The study suggests that these alternatives could be a cleaner and more sustainable option for the food processing industry.
Two human studies suggest CLA may help overweight individuals lose weight and fat, maintain weight loss, retain lean muscle mass, and control adult-onset diabetes. In one study, participants experienced a statistically significant reduction in body fat gain with no serious side effects.
Researchers at University of Michigan have developed polymers that release nitric oxide gas, mimicking human endothelial cells. The polymers can be used to prevent blood clots on biomedical devices and coat implantable blood sensors for continuous vital monitoring.
A Swiss research team led by Peter Buehlmayer has discovered valsartan, a drug controlling high blood pressure without side effects. The team's work has improved the lives of millions worldwide, offering hope for those affected by hypertension.
Two Connecticut chemists and their Croatian colleagues have been honored by the American Chemical Society for discovering a new and unusual kind of antibiotic. The team's work on azithromycin has led to the development of a commercially viable oral antibiotic that kills a broad spectrum of microbes, including those causing chlamydia.
Researchers at Penn State have developed a procedure that virtually eliminates tissue growth and subsequent blockages after angioplasty, reducing the risk by 90%. The ceramide-coated balloon catheters inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell growth, preventing arterial obstruction.
Scientists have successfully cloned a piglet using microinjection, marking a significant step towards xenotransplantation and genetically modified organs. The breakthrough could lead to human-friendly pig organs, reducing rejection rates and increasing the success of organ transplants.
Canadian researchers developed a method to steer proteins to bone, where they can accumulate and help build bone mass. Additional research is needed to determine the effectiveness of these proteins in growing bone tissue.
Researchers found high levels of ammonia in vehicle exhaust due to catalytic converter usage. Ammonia contributes to the formation of small airborne particles, a concern for human health.
Researchers found that celecoxib reduced breast tumor incidence by 68% and average tumor size by 81% in rats. The anti-tumor effects of celecoxib are attributed to its ability to inhibit an enzyme that promotes cancer growth.
Researchers found that children between 3-6 years old dislike the smell of beer if their parents report drinking to escape feelings of unhappiness. This suggests that young children acquire sensory learning about alcohol and may respond emotionally to parental behavior.
Columbia University researchers have identified a target molecule called RAGE that contributes to cellular damage in diseases like diabetes, cancer, and Alzheimer's. Blocking RAGE has shown promise in halting or reversing cellular damage in animal studies.
A recent study published in Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research found that binge-pattern exposure to alcohol during adolescence can disrupt working memory and make the brain more vulnerable to cell death. The study suggests that teenagers who drink heavily and often may be especially susceptible to the neurobehavioral effects ...
Virginia Tech dairy scientist R. Michael Akers has greatly advanced understanding of mammary gland development, growth factors, and transgenic technology worldwide. His research discovered new information about growth hormone regulation and produced transgenic mice that synthesize IGF-I in their mammary tissue.
Scientists at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center developed a new diagnostic test for lupus using SR proteins as biomarkers. The color-coded test can identify 50-70% of undiagnosed lupus patients, promising to bridge the detection gap.
The USGS is studying the effects of climate change, fire, and carbon dioxide on ecosystems in America's grasslands, deserts, and mountains. Researchers have found that high mortality rates among grassland birds in Colorado may be caused by small mammals invading nests.
Several mesocarnivore species, including marten, fisher, and red fox, have staged remarkable recoveries in the Northeast. However, wolves and cougars, two large predators native to the region, continue to face challenges due to persecution and habitat loss.
A team of researchers has discovered a novel molecular structure that determines male or female physical characteristics in fruit flies. The findings have implications for humans as similar genes have been found in the human genome.
Scientists have successfully implanted the lens of a sighted fish into cavefish, resulting in the growth of a normal eye. This breakthrough may provide new avenues for understanding the genetic factors involved in eye growth and development, potentially leading to improved treatments for certain forms of blindness. Further research is ...
A fatal tropical disease has infected large numbers of foxhounds in the US, causing skin lesions, hair loss, and joint issues. At least 12% of dogs have antibodies suggesting exposure to the parasite, with 2% showing a strong response, prompting public health officials to recommend quarantine or euthanasia.
The lab has developed a Knife Failure Detector to reduce food production losses and ensure product quality, as well as a radiation dose measurement system for safe food irradiation. Additionally, ultra barrier coatings have been created to enable the use of plastic in electronic display panels.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute have charted the chain of events by which estrogen receptor-negative (ER-negative) breast cancer cells are formed. By understanding this process, scientists can identify potential targets for specific therapies to stop ER-negative tumors from growing.
University of Pennsylvania researchers have found that loss of consciousness is linked to specific angles of head rotation during car crashes. The study suggests that designing safer airbags and sports headgear could prevent or minimize coma in such incidents.
Experts examine parasitic and infectious diseases that can be spread by animals to people, highlighting the importance of integrated perspectives on human-animal interaction. The symposium aims to create a forum for discussing public health and food safety issues related to animal-human relationships.