Articles tagged with Animal Research
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that exposed cats ate more and seemed more comfortable in a hospital than those not exposed to the pheromone. The study used synthetic FFP to signal comfort and amicability, showing an anxiety-reducing effect on some cats.
Scientists have developed a new method to date marine animals beyond mollusks, using brachiopods to reconstruct the Earth's environment over thousands of years. This breakthrough provides a unique record of past environmental changes and human effects on the oceans.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that a commonly used HIV drug, AZT, does not prevent virus-related damage to the thymus in young cats infected with FIV. The study suggests that antiviral therapy may need to be combined with other treatments to restore thymic function and protect against immune system problems.
Scientists at the University of Pittsburgh have engineered a novel gene therapy to treat Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), a genetic disorder causing progressive muscle weakening and death. The mini-gene AAV vector effectively delivers functional dystrophin protein, correcting muscle dysfunction and degeneration.
Researchers found that interrupting therapy in rhesus macaques with HIV led to a vigorous immune response and controlled virus levels. The study's results suggest patients might be able to take fewer drugs, stimulating the immune system to better control the virus.
In a study on arctic ground squirrels, researchers found that females severely reduced reproduction and most died over winter when populations reached maximum capacity. This regulation helps control population growth and maintain survival rates.
Researchers developed a tissue culture system that mimics normal cell growth, allowing them to study gene transfer techniques in greater detail. They found that cancer cells can be easily infected while normal cells are poorly infected, suggesting a potential target for gene therapy.
The Arid Zone Recovery Project successfully re-introduced Greater Bilbies to a 14 square kilometre exclosure, with estimates suggesting around 20 bilbies now living in the site. The project also reintroduced other species, such as Burrowing Bettongs and birds like the Bush Thick-knee and Plains Wanderer.
A new treatment for spinal cord injuries is being tested in a human clinical trial at Indiana University and Purdue University. The trial uses electrical fields to promote regeneration of injured nerve fibers, with dogs showing partial functional recovery.
A UCSF study found that women who perceived themselves higher on the social ladder reported better physical health, lower stress levels, and less abdominal fat. The researchers suggest that this perception is linked to a lower cortisol response to stress, which can contribute to metabolic and cardiovascular disease.
The study found that cold, wet springs decrease survival rates of adult owls, while a mixture of old growth forest and other vegetation types promotes high survival and reproductive output. Habitat quality also buffers owls during unfavorable weather periods, but current logging practices do not generate the observed mosaic.
Researchers at University of Illinois used polymerase chain reaction to detect microbes in water, rock, and air samples from hot springs. They found evidence of life in new springs, suggesting microbes may have been transported by wind-borne steam or existing waters.
An international research team aims to fill knowledge gaps on whale, seal, bird, turtle, fish and squid behaviors. The Census of Marine Life project tracks animals using sophisticated electronic sensors.
Researchers discovered that STI-HAART can train the immune system to control HIV by developing a stronger response against the virus. The study provides a potential recipe for further research on restoring HIV-specific immunity after acute infection.
Researchers found evidence that brain circuitry is present and well-formed at birth, contradicting the long-held view that experience shapes the brain's wiring. The study used innovative surgical techniques to reveal neural connections in newborn ferrets' brains.
Researchers at the University of Iowa have discovered that perforin and interferon gamma regulate the initial immune response and residual protective immunity. These molecules control T cell generation, survival, and differentiation, allowing for a precise balance between responding to pathogens and exhausting the immune system.
A recent study by Cornell University neurobiologists found that female birds prefer males with the most elaborate courtship songs, which are associated with larger brain structures and improved learning abilities. This choice is thought to be driven by sexual selection, where females aim to pass on desirable traits to their offspring.
Yale researchers found that early life stress enhances vulnerability to drug addiction. Rat pups separated from their mothers experienced increased self-administration of cocaine as adults. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions for children with early life traumas.
Scientists at Duke University have developed a neural system that enables monkeys to control a robot arm using their brain signals, detected by implanted electrodes. The system could form the basis for a brain-machine interface to help paralyzed patients control prosthetic limbs.
A study published in Nature reveals that individual neurons in the human medial temporal lobe selectively alter their firing rates depending on the stimulus the subjects imagined. This discovery sheds new light on how the 'mind's eye' works, providing insight into the neural mechanisms underlying visual recall and imagery.
Researchers found that young birds can recognize and prefer learning the songs of their own subspecies over other types. The study also revealed that birds have a more finely detailed sense of song than previously thought. After tutoring, two-thirds of the birds chose to sing their own subspecies' song.
The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) has awarded five new grants to support research on osteogenesis imperfecta. These grants will focus on developing treatments, such as gene therapies and drug treatments, to improve diagnosis and treatment options for people with OI.
Research on fossil Teleoceras teeth suggests a semi-aquatic lifestyle for the ancient rhinoceros, mirroring that of modern hippos. The study's findings indicate low variability in oxygen isotope compositions among aquatic mammals, contrasting with higher variability in land animals.
Researchers have successfully created viable new heart muscle cells using marrow stromal cells from an animal's own bone marrow. The goal is to replace dead heart muscle cells with new ones, potentially offering a treatment for life-threatening heart failure.
Studies at the University of Illinois have identified a brain pathway in which neurons activate during low oxygen, triggering increased breathing. Newborns may not have enough neurons to respond sufficiently, possibly contributing to sudden infant death syndrome.
Research by Imperial College scientists shows that previous infection history greatly affects the duration and severity of subsequent lung infections. This highlights the importance of considering past infections in vaccine design, particularly for individuals with varying ages and immune systems.
Researchers have created artificial hemoglobin using genetic engineering techniques, showing great potential as an oxygen carrier for synthetic blood. The breakthrough could alleviate perennial blood bank shortages and provide a safe alternative for surgeries, transplants, and treating blood disorders.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine used stem cells to treat paralysis in rodents infected with an animal virus that damages motor neurons. Fifty percent of treated rodents regained hind leg function, suggesting potential for improved treatments for ALS and spinal motor atrophy.
A 290 million-year-old reptile's nearly complete skeleton reveals it was a bipedal runner that probably used its speed to escape predators. Its unique posture, with long legs and short arms, indicates an upright locomotion similar to humans'.
A 290-million-year-old, upright-lizard-like reptile has been found, predating the age of dinosaurs by at least 60 million years. The discovery provides strong evidence for the early evolution of herbivorous reptiles on land, suggesting that bipedalism evolved independently in different animal groups.
Researchers will study blood samples from sepsis patients to confirm the link between free radicals and falling blood pressure. The goal is to understand why blood pressure continues to plummet despite using pharmacological agents that should increase and maintain vascular pressure.
A new study reveals that bullfrogs employ a rule-driven strategy in their calling behavior, which is both competitive and cooperative. By homing in on calls from distant neighbors or inhibiting close-by calls, male bullfrogs conserve energy while attracting females and maintaining territories.
Researchers found that ELF-EMF significantly reduced the development of mouse pre-antral follicles, a crucial step for successful reproduction. Exposure to 33Hz or 50Hz frequencies impaired follicle development, with only around a third and half of exposed follicles developing antral cavities compared to controls.
Researchers have determined the structure of a key protein from paramyxoviruses, which causes respiratory diseases in children and animals. The study reveals clues for effective new drugs and highlights the benefits of structural biology in guiding drug design against communicable diseases.
A new molecular diagnostics laboratory at Virginia Tech aims to investigate the genetic foundations of disease in horses and its implications for humans. The lab will focus on four major projects, including studying environmental toxins, COPD, osteoarthritis, and diabetes-related complications.
Scientists have identified a molecule called VR-OAC that senses osmotic pressure in vertebrates, including humans. This discovery may provide insight into the biological basis of inner ear function and the sense of touch.
Researchers have identified a protein called BNC1 that plays a crucial role in sensing light touch, allowing animals to detect gentle stimuli like a mosquito landing on their arm. The study found that knocking out the BNC1 gene greatly reduces the ability to sense light touch, but not completely eliminates it.
Researchers argue that sauropods, like Barosaurus, required a horizontal neck to function on land due to heart size and metabolic rates. This finding contradicts the common depiction of long-necked dinosaurs raising their heads to browse from trees.
Researchers at University College London Medical School have made a major advance in assisted reproductive techniques with a new chromosome testing technique. The technique allows for the assessment of every single chromosome in virtually every cell of a test-tube embryo, potentially leading to improved IVF success rates.
Scientists have made significant progress in understanding how birds regenerate their hair cells, a process that could lead to new treatments for human deafness. By studying the sequence of events involved in this process, researchers hope to develop strategies to prevent or reverse certain forms of hearing loss.
Researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center developed an AIDS vaccine that harnesses "killer" T cells to suppress the virus and prevent clinical disease in monkeys. The vaccine showed significant success in boosting CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which can attack and contain HIV-infected cells.
A DNA vaccine paired with an immune protein successfully controls a highly pathogenic AIDS virus in monkeys, strengthening their immune response and preventing disease. The approach could decrease HIV-1 transmission rates by reducing viral replication in vaccinated individuals.
A new study by Brown University researchers provides evidence that learning uses LTP to produce changes in the connections between brain cells, necessary for acquiring and storing new information. The study also validates a theory proposing that synapses are constantly modifying and closely related to LTP.
A recent study published in Endocrinology found that mice engineered without the receptor for growth hormone lived almost one year longer than normal mice, suggesting that the natural hormone may actually shorten lifespan. The researchers are now searching for genes regulated by growth hormone that might play a specific role in life span.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have shed light on the process of hereditary retinal degeneration, revealing that the death of rod cells ultimately leads to the demise of cone cells. This chain of events is an elegant demonstration of how the body compensates when one of its functions is compromised.
Researchers at the National Institute on Drug Abuse found that squirrel monkeys will self-administer intravenous injections of THC, a psychoactive compound in marijuana, in doses comparable to those used by humans. This study suggests that marijuana has similar abuse potential as other addictive substances like cocaine and heroin.
Researchers found that 6-beta naltrexol, a metabolite of naltrexone, can reduce alcohol drinking in rats. The study suggests that 6-beta naltrexol is a potential new medication for treating alcohol dependence.
Researchers identified gene locations involved in fat deposition and diabetes risk, with effects influenced by a mother's weight. Mice with genetic predisposition for diabesity were less obese if nursed by a lean foster mother, hinting at the role of maternal environment in triggering obesity and diabetes.
A fragile, charcoal-like meteorite that plummeted onto a frozen Canadian lake last January may represent the most primitive solar system material yet studied. Analysis of its mineral composition and oxygen and carbon isotopes suggests it could be part of a new class of carbonaceous chondrites, more primitive than any found previously.
Students from Granby's Sacré-Coeur high school will demonstrate simple water quality tests using lettuce seeds, onion bulbs, and other methods. The demonstration is part of AQUAtox 2000, a global network of students conducting experimental research on water toxicity.
A new book examines the human aspects of environmental restoration, exploring moral and ethical questions, conflicts over nature definition, and the role of stakeholders. The study suggests ways to resolve restoration conflicts and highlights the importance of stakeholder involvement in sustaining projects.
A compound called sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has been found to block the destruction of ovarian egg cells by radiation therapy in animal studies. This protection was shown to be effective in female mice exposed to levels of radiotherapy that would otherwise have destroyed their ovaries.
Thirteen research projects selected for initial funding explore subsurface conditions, contaminants, and environmental cleanup methods at the INEEL site. The projects, funded by $3 million from INRA over three years, aim to develop effective cleanup methods for various applications.
Researchers at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center discovered a way to protect ovaries from radiation and chemotherapy damage by 'knocking out' a particular gene. A compound called sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has been shown to preserve ovarian function, allowing mice to continue producing eggs.
Two MS clinical trials halted due to adverse effects confirm the targeted peptide plays a role in the disease. The studies suggest that lower doses are better than higher doses, and immunological tests can determine how targeted therapies work in patients.
Researchers discover SLPI protein promotes healing in non-healing wounds, reversing tissue destruction and hastening recovery. The study's findings may lead to new treatments for delayed wound healing in the elderly.
The Hepatitis C Cooperative Research Centers are expanding their investigation of acute and chronic infection caused by the hepatitis C virus, with a focus on understanding why African Americans respond poorly to current treatment. The initiative will also explore ways to prevent disease progression and develop new therapeutic strategies.
The NIAID Challenge Grants program will award $19 million to eight companies to develop new drugs and vaccines against deadly infectious diseases. Researchers will work on developing a pediatric indication for tafenoquine to prevent malaria in adults, as well as studying azithromycin for treating malaria.
Research finds high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in lakes and reservoirs around six metropolitan areas, posing a bigger threat to aquatic life than other contaminants. PAHs from traffic do not accumulate in animals and are unlikely to affect human health.
The Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory will use its powerful X-ray crystallography instruments to determine the three-dimensional structure of 2,000 proteins encoded by human DNA. This grant is part of a nationwide research effort to understand protein structures and functions.