Articles tagged with Education Research
A recent study published in BMC Health Services Research found that larger HIV prevention programs in low and middle-income countries can reduce unit costs of prevention services by up to a third. By rapidly scaling up well-run existing programs, the study suggests that more HIV infections may be averted.
The US Senate has approved $1 million in funding for the New York Center for National Competitiveness in Nanoscale Characterization, a partnership between CNSE and NIST. The center aims to strengthen the US R&D-manufacturing-commercialization ecosystem in nanotechnology.
The LSUHSC School of Dentistry will lead a $3.3 million institute for infectious disease research, creating an educational component for Louisiana students and an intellectual stimulation program for faculty. The Clinical and Translational Research Education and Commercialization Program will support clinical research at the institutio...
A new study suggests that smoking can interfere with the neurocognitive recovery of alcoholics during their first six to nine months of abstinence. Non-smoking alcoholics showed significant improvement in areas such as mental efficiency, problem-solving, and working memory compared to smoking alcoholics.
Two MSU professors, Volodymyr Tarabara and Tom Voice, are leading an international partnership to create new water purifying strategies using membrane-based technologies. The project aims to develop more efficient membranes that can produce ultrapure water, improving public health in developing countries.
Physicists Tanmay Vachaspati, Dejan Stojkovic, and Lawrence M. Krauss propose a solution to the long-standing problem of information loss in black holes. They suggest that non-thermal radiation can carry information about collapsing matter beyond the event horizon.
A Purdue University study projects a 200-500% increase in dangerously hot days in the Mediterranean by the end of the 21st century if current greenhouse gas emissions continue. Reducing emissions could reduce this increase by up to 50%.
A study by Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine found that 78% of survey respondents wanted to be greeted by a doctor's name, while only half addressed the patient by name in first-time visits. The researchers recommend using patients' first and last names for a respectful and comfortable introduction.
A survey of 415 adults in the US found that 78.1% of patients wanted physicians to shake hands, while 50.4% preferred their first name used during greetings. The study suggests that physicians should use patients' first and last names when introducing themselves and remain sensitive to nonverbal cues.
Researchers use graph theory to analyze Sudoku puzzles, finding that at least 8 of the 9 numbers must appear as given entries for a puzzle to have only one solution. They also explore unsolved problems in graph theory and argue that the number of distinct Sudoku puzzles is around 5.5 billion.
The Department of Energy and Agriculture Secretary Mike Johanns have jointly selected 11 projects for awards totaling $8.3 million to accelerate the development of alternative fuel resources, including cordgrass, rice, and switchgrass.
Leonard Nunney's research team will develop a nationwide map of different subspecies of Xylella and an effective monitoring system to catch foreign forms. They aim to understand the genetic basis of host specificity, crucial for preventing further damage to California's grape, peach, and almond industries.
Carola Wenk, a UTSA computer science professor, has been awarded a $400,000 NSF grant to study geometric shape handling in theory and practice using GPS technology. She aims to develop real-time traffic estimation and prediction systems for San Antonio.
The June 2007 issue of the Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine (JUM) highlights the growing significance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the US. CEUS is used effectively globally but has limited approval for clinical use, hindering optimal imaging and patient care.
Researchers propose that animal personalities evolve due to trade-offs between current and future reproduction, with cautious individuals investing more in future opportunities. This leads to populations with consistently risk-averse or risk-prone personality traits.
Laura Wade, associate director at the Texas Center for Superconductivity, has received the Distinguished Service Award from the National Council of University Research Administrators. Her colleagues praised her commitment to the profession, citing her tireless efforts in grant proposals and educational workshops.
The Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation announced the 2007 Scholar Award recipients, providing $250,000 annually for up to five years to support groundbreaking research. The selected researchers aim to accelerate type 1 diabetes research and find a cure for this devastating disease.
A smokeless cannabis-vaporizing device delivers the same level of active therapeutic chemical and produces the same biological effect as smoking cannabis, but without the harmful toxins. The study found that vaporization produced comparable levels of THC with minimal exposure to combustion-generated toxins.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have found an absolute biochemical distinction between sporadic and hereditary forms of Lou Gehrig's disease, suggesting that current approaches to drug discovery should be re-examined. This distinction may impact therapeutic strategies for ALS patients.
The AERA report helps researchers understand causal estimation methods and their applications in large-scale databases. It addresses key issues in selecting research designs for drawing valid causal inferences about treatment effects.
Martin Kassabov, a leading researcher in combinatorial algebra and group theory, has been awarded the prestigious AMS Centennial Fellowship. The fellowship will support his visit to collaborators in Europe, furthering his work on representation theory and expander graphs.
Research suggests that heavy drinkers have smaller brains than non-drinkers, with moderate to high drinkers showing significant reductions in brain volume. The study found a 1.6% decrease in brain volume for those who consumed over 14 drinks per week.
A study of Gulf War veterans with multiple health symptom complaints found significant differences in brain structures compared to those without high numbers of symptoms. The researchers discovered smaller brain volumes in areas involved in thinking and memory, which correlated with poorer performance on learning and memory tests.
A recent study found that minority women experience a significant financial penalty after widowhood, with Black women suffering a loss five times greater than their White counterparts. The report highlights the importance of considering these economic consequences in social security and pension policies.
Research presented at the American Academy of Neurology's meeting found that more women are developing MS than men, with a nearly 50% increase in the female-to-male ratio over the past few decades. The study suggests that various changes in lifestyle and environmental factors may be contributing to this trend.
Pierre Ronco received the ISN Jean Hamburger Award for his groundbreaking work in clinical and translational nephrology, particularly in glomerular disease. Rashad Barsoum was awarded the Roscoe R. Robinson Award for his tireless efforts to educate nephrologists globally and advance the field of nephrology.
A new study by University of Arizona College of Pharmacy researchers found that pharmacists' workloads increase the potential for medication errors. The study analyzed data from 672 pharmacies and found that each additional prescription filled per hour increased the risk of dispensing potentially harmful combinations of medications.
Eduardo Slatopolsky has been recognized for his pioneering experimental research in mineral metabolism, leading to improved treatment of patients with renal failure worldwide. He was awarded the ISN Amgen International Prize for Therapeutic Advancement in Nephrology in 2007.
Thomas H. Epps III, a recipient of the prestigious Faculty Early Career Development Award from the National Science Foundation, is advancing the development of high-performance materials through his research on block copolymers. His five-year grant will support the creation of nanoscale materials with unique properties, potentially lea...
The UCLA Mathematics Department has been recognized by the American Mathematical Society for its outstanding program in mathematics education, with a focus on undergraduate and graduate training programs, precollege mathematics education, and research initiatives.
The new magnet will be the world's strongest for neutron experiments, allowing scientists to study high-temperature superconductors and hydrogen structure in various materials. It is part of a $23.1-million project funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research.
A landmark five-year study explores the under-representation of women and minority faculty in leadership and senior positions in academic medicine. The National Initiative on Gender, Culture and Leadership in Medicine aims to foster the advancement of women and minority physicians in academic medicine.
A study published in Neurology found that family caregivers of people with ALS experienced significant increases in depression and feeling burdened over nine months, while those with the disease showed little change. This highlights the need for interventions to enhance communication between patients and caregivers.
Chan will develop new simulation theories to create fast models that predict real-time results, using mathematical programming techniques. He plans to involve graduate and undergraduate students in his research, creating hands-on experience and educational software for high school students.
A new study from the University of Missouri-Columbia found that men with higher levels of traditional masculinity tend to display greater improvement in their recovery from serious injuries. The study suggests that this strength and resilience may encourage men to seek help and recover more quickly.
Professor Ray Dolan of UCL Institute of Neurology received the prestigious Max Planck Research Award 2007 for his groundbreaking research on neuromodulation and behaviour. The award will support his investigation into neurochemical mechanisms underlying emotional learning and decision-making in humans.
Researchers found that bonobos were more tolerant and skilled in cooperative feeding than chimpanzees, exhibiting more sociosexual behavior and play. This suggests that social tendencies can hinder problem-solving under certain circumstances, highlighting the importance of emotional systems in evolutionary development.
A transportation study published by researchers at the University of Oregon has found that pedestrians typically walk half a mile to access light rail stations, contradicting common assumptions. The study highlights the importance of proximity to destinations and lack of major walking barriers over pedestrian-friendly environments.
The Gene Ontology (GO) has expanded its vocabulary to describe the complex events occurring when a microbe encounters its host. This updated language will enable researchers to compare gene functions in diverse organisms, including those related to disease-causing microbes and beneficial microbes.
A study found that benefits of increased homework vary widely across nations, grades, and quality of schools. In the US, there is a negative relationship between higher homework amounts and student achievement in elementary schools, but only a small benefit in middle schools.
The two-year project aims to create cost-effective, bio-based materials to replace petroleum-derived plastics, benefiting American farmers. Rutgers researchers will develop 'hybrid' materials combining naturally occurring plant substances with synthetic degradable polymer biomaterials.
A study of 118 pilots aged 40-69 found that experts demonstrated improved performance over time, outperforming younger pilots in traffic avoidance and scanning cockpit instruments. Pilots with advanced FAA ratings showed the least decline in skills, suggesting a 'crystallized intelligence' mechanism.
A study of 1,040 stroke patients found that 27% had cholesterol levels higher than recommended by national guidelines. Despite this, only 7% were at their ideal level for preventing future strokes and heart disease, emphasizing the importance of regular testing and treatment.
A study analyzed provider-reported events and errors in stroke patients, finding 12% experienced an adverse event and 86 were preventable. The hospital implemented new procedures to improve patient safety, including check sheets and safer medication delivery.
A new study from Stanford University School of Medicine found that living in poor neighborhoods significantly raises the risk of heart disease and stroke. Researchers analyzed data from over 1.9 million people and found that those living in high-deprivation neighborhoods were 1.9 times more likely to experience a heart attack or stroke.
Charles M. Vest was awarded the 2006 AAAS Philip Hauge Abelson Prize for his exceptional service to science and society. He has made significant contributions to public policy, education, and university research during his tenure as president emeritus of MIT.
A University of Houston student is working on a space suit redesign that prioritizes stability and locomotion for astronauts. Her research focuses on reducing the weight and improving the mobility of the space suit, which will enable astronauts to navigate the lunar terrain more easily.
A new study published by the American Academy of Neurology found that people with 'benign MS' for 10 years are at risk of disease progression after 20 years. After 20 years, nearly half of those with benign MS had progressed to a point where they needed a cane to walk.
Research reveals that Mexican-Americans perceive more and tougher barriers to higher education due to internal and relational factors. The study aims to understand how societal context influences student perceptions of roadblocks to achieving their goals.
A new study found that patients who received aprotinin during coronary artery bypass graft surgery had a higher risk of death over five years compared to those who did not receive the drug. The study, published in JAMA, also found that safer alternatives like aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid were available.
A study by Wei-Jian Jiang found that successful stent placement reduces the risk of stroke for individuals with severe artery blockage. The risk was comparable to those with moderate blockage, suggesting that stents may not be beneficial for all patients at high risk.
The University of Nottingham has been awarded a £300,000 grant to collaborate with Indian researchers on a four-year project exploring mixture toxicity in living organisms. The project aims to develop a mathematical model predicting how organisms respond to chemical pollution.
The RAND Corporation's study found that privately managed schools in Philadelphia showed comparable academic gains to the rest of the district, while restructured schools demonstrated significant improvements in math and reading. The findings suggest challenges in implementing private management on a large scale.
A new study published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology found that inhaled corticosteroids are the most effective initial daily therapy for children with mild to moderate persistent asthma. The study also showed no significant adverse growth effects among any of the medicines studied.
Researchers found that epilepsy patients can reliably predict when they are likely to have a seizure, with 32% accuracy. Accurate predictions also indicate reduced risk of seizures, providing reassurance and improved quality of life for those with epilepsy.
A large cohort study in the UK finds that British women's binge drinking habits are defined by their age and education level. Women with higher education tend to reduce their binge drinking as they age, while those with lower education levels increase their binge drinking risk, particularly after the age of 40.
A Stanford study systematically reviewed medical literature on growth hormone therapy for the elderly, concluding that it has minimal to no benefit and potential adverse side effects. The research found modest effects on body composition but no impact on clinically important outcomes such as bone density or cholesterol levels.
A new study from USC reveals that better-educated older adults experience greater declines in word memory compared to their less educated peers. Researchers found that while education is consistently linked to improved cognitive performance, it may not compensate for normal age-related memory loss after 70.
A study of 1032 women with chronic headaches found that those with migraines were four times more likely to report major depression symptoms. Chronic headache sufferers also experienced high levels of pain-related symptoms, including low energy and trouble sleeping.
Steven H. Strogatz receives the JPBM Communication Award for his work on human sleep, circadian rhythms, and mathematics outreach, featured in prominent media outlets and books. The award recognizes his efforts to reach a wider audience beyond the mathematical sciences community.