Good news for kids with epilepsy
A preliminary meta-analysis of studies on adults and children with primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures found positive results in both groups, suggesting a similar effectiveness of medicines.
Adults
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Rare fossil discovery raises questions
Researchers have uncovered adult and juvenile remains of a giant rodent species (Isostylomys laurdillardi) in Uruguay, raising questions about its classification. The study suggests that previously found fossils were from the same species as the newly discovered adults.
CUNY linguist to speak on second language acquisition and loss at AAAS Annual Meeting
Dr. Gita Martohardjono presents research on bilingual populations, showing changes in Spanish processing and predicting the impact of English use on brain responses. Her findings suggest that social factors hinder language learning in adults.
Simple rule explains complex group swimming patterns
Researchers discovered a strong behavioural rule, the rule of random attraction, that explains how complex patterns of collective movement emerge in zebrafish as they develop from larvae to adults. Younger fish spend less time applying this rule, resulting in fewer schools, while adults do more, leading to group formation.
Presence of coronary artery calcium among younger adults associated with increased risk of fatal heart
The presence of coronary artery calcium in adults aged 32-46 years is associated with a significant increase in fatal and nonfatal heart disease events. A 5-fold higher risk of CHD events and 3-fold higher CVD event risk were observed among those with any CAC
Can childhood cancer treatments affect survivors' sex lives in adulthood?
Research reveals that adult childhood cancer survivors who received neurotoxic treatments are less likely to have had intercourse, be in a relationship, or have children. Despite this, they report similar satisfaction levels with their sex lives and romantic relationships.
Adults with autism see interests as strengths, career paths
A study by NYU's Steinhardt School found that adults with autism view their interests positively, believing they should be encouraged. These interests also alleviate anxiety in 92% of respondents and are used as strengths in career paths and educational settings.
Adults with autism see interests as strengths, career paths
A study by NYU's Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development found that adults with autism view their interests positively and believe they should be encouraged. Many participants reported anxiety relief through engaging in their preferred interests, highlighting the potential benefits of utilizing these strengths.
Study of mice shows protein in womb plays lifelong role in bone health
Researchers at the University of Missouri found that limiting maternal myostatin levels improved bone strength and density in mice with osteogenesis imperfecta. The study suggests a potential therapeutic approach to treating brittle bone disease.
What humans and primates both know when it comes to numbers
A recent study published in Nature Communications found that humans and primates both have an ability to distinguish between large and small quantities of objects. The research showed that this bias is strongest in humans and correlates with increasing age and math education, suggesting a possible evolutionary basis for number perception.
Diabetes in Chinese adults linked to 9 years' loss of life
Research published in JAMA Network found that diabetes in middle-aged Chinese adults leads to a nine-year loss of life on average. The study discovered higher mortality risks from ischemic heart disease, stroke, and cancer, particularly in rural areas.
Psychology: Playful people are at an advantage
Research by Dr René Proyer found that playful adults can reinterpret situations, reducing stress levels and improving relationships. The study identified four types of playful adults: other-directed, intellectual, and whimsical playfulness.
Consumption of low-calorie sweeteners jumps by 200 percent in US children
A study found that 25% of US children and 41% of adults consumed low-calorie sweeteners, a 200% increase for kids and 54% jump for adults. The likelihood of consumption increased with adult body mass index and often occurred at home.
Close to half of adults and one quarter of kids in the US regularly consume artificial sweeteners
A recent study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics reveals that 41% of adults and 25% of children in the US regularly consume artificial sweeteners. This represents a significant increase from data reported in 1999-2000, with consumption rates reaching 54% among adults and 200% among children.
Lower socioeconomic position linked to adult obesity across generations
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that lower socioeconomic position is associated with higher adult body mass index (BMI) across generations. The association increased with age and was stronger in women than men, highlighting the need for early interventions to reduce BMI inequalities.
One part of the brain unexpectedly continues to grow in adulthood
A new study reveals that the brain region responsible for face recognition continues to grow in adulthood, contradicting the prevailing view of synaptic pruning as a key factor in brain development. The growth is linked to an increase in cell bodies, dendritic structures, and myelin sheath.
Stanford study shows development of face recognition entails brain tissue growth
A Stanford study suggests that the development of face recognition entails brain tissue growth, particularly in regions that distinguish faces from other objects. The research found microscopic tissue growth in these regions, which continues into adulthood and contributes to the differences between face and place recognition areas.
No teeth? No problem -- dinosaur species had teeth as babies, lost them as they grew
Researchers discovered that a dinosaur species, Limusaurus inextricabilis, lost its teeth in adolescence and did not grow another set as adults. The finding suggests a significant shift in diet from babies to adulthood, potentially explaining why birds have beaks but no teeth.
Study: Children can 'catch' social bias through non-verbal signals expressed by adults
Research from the University of Washington suggests that preschool-aged children can learn bias through nonverbal signals displayed by adults, such as tone of voice or facial expressions. Children are likely to generalize this learned bias to others, potentially leading to group bias and prejudice.
The secret to raising a smart shopper: Pick the right parenting style
Researchers analyzed data from 73 studies to find that children of authoritative parents exhibited better outcomes in interacting with the world, including healthier food choices and safer decision-making. They also provided valuable opinions on family consumption decisions.
Hearing loss prevalence declining in US adults aged 20 to 69 years
Researchers found a decline in hearing loss prevalence among US adults aged 20 to 69 years, from 16% to 14%, between 1999-2004 and 2011-2012 periods. The study suggests that age-related hearing loss may be delayed until later in life.
Study finds American Indian adults exposed to early life trauma more likely to develop PTSD and poor health
A recent study published in the American Journal of Human Biology found that American Indian adults who experienced early life trauma are at a higher risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and poor physical health. The research highlights the importance of addressing early interventions to minimize this risk.
Fish fossils reveal how tails evolved, Penn professor finds
A new study by Lauren Sallan reveals that the tails of fish and tetrapods are distinct structures with different evolutionary histories. Fossilized fish hatchlings show a dual tail structure consisting of a scaly, fleshy tail and a flexible fin.
Preschoolers' expectations shape how they interpret speech
New research found that preschoolers (4-5 years old) use their past experience with language to infer what speakers are going to say, just like adults. They can incorporate their learned expectations into ambiguous speech descriptions, adapting to noisy conditions.
Young children's spatial talk predicts their spatial abilities
A new study reveals that young children's ability to describe spatial relationships is more important than the number of spatial words they know. Children who can adapt to different images and supply relevant information tend to perform better in spatial skills tests.
Should parents lie to children about Santa?
Psychologists warn that lying about Father Christmas can erode children's trust in their parents, while also being a way for adults to re-enter childhood imagination. The authors argue that the harsh realities of adult life may require a 'better' creation to believe in.
Prevalence of Ph-like ALL in adults underscores need for genetic testing, clinical trials
A high-risk subtype of Ph-like ALL is prevalent in adults with ALL, associated with a poor outcome. The study found that many patients may benefit from treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as dasatinib and imatinib.
Study brings undiagnosed adults living with autism out of the shadows
A new study explores the experiences of undiagnosed adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), revealing key themes such as managing self-doubt and finding a sense of belonging. The research aims to help healthcare professionals identify undiagnosed adults with ASD, reducing their risk of depression and anxiety.
High-fat diet disrupts brain maturation
A recent study by ETH Zurich researchers found that high-fat diets during adolescence can disrupt brain maturation, leading to impaired cognitive functions in adulthood. The study used mice and found that even short-term exposure to a high-fat diet caused behavioral problems after just four weeks.
USPSTF issues recommendations regarding use of statins for the prevention of cardiovascular disease
The USPSTF recommends initiating low- to moderate-dose statins in adults ages 40 to 75 with high CVD risk factors and a 10-year event risk of 10% or greater. Statin use is also recommended for those with risk factors between 7.5-10%. However, the current evidence is insufficient to assess benefits in older adults (76+ years).
NYU Meyers nursing research identifies predictors of depression among women with diabetes
A new study published in The Diabetes Educator found that nearly 1 in 5 women with diabetes also suffer from depression. Younger age, poor health, not completing high school, and inactivity due to pain or poor health were identified as key predictors of comorbid depression among adult women.
Physical and cognitive fitness may affect ALS risk
High physical fitness increases ALS risk before age 45, while individuals with high IQs have increased risk at 56+ years. Individuals with lower BMI (25+) show reduced risk across all ages.
Young adults' problem drinking may have lasting health effects
A study of U.S. male veterans found that young adults with symptoms of alcohol dependence had poorer physical and mental health in their 60s, even if they quit drinking by age 30. Researchers believe years of heavy drinking may cause lasting damage to brain areas involved in emotional regulation.
Impulsive personality linked to greater risk for early onset of meth use
A study of over 150 meth users found that those with impulsive personalities were more likely to start using the drug at an earlier age. The researchers discovered a strong link between attentional and motor impulsivity, which contributed to early meth use.
Bilingual brains activate different networks when reading opaque and transparent languages
Researchers discovered that bilinguals use distinct neural networks to read languages with phonetic and orthographic correspondence, such as Basque, from those without it, like English. The findings have significant implications for teaching reading to adults and children.
Study estimates ADHD symptom persistence into adulthood
A recent study found that 60% of children with ADHD persist with symptoms until their mid-20s, and 41% experience both symptoms and impairment as young adults. The researchers suggest using a combination of parent and self-reports, along with an adjusted symptom threshold for adulthood, to accurately diagnose ADHD in adults.
Experts call for urgent change in the care of young adults with IBD
A pioneering new program could significantly improve quality of life for young adults living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The Berliner TransitionsProgramm, a two-year transition from pediatric to adult care, has reported successful outcomes and is being adopted across Europe.
Drug-resistant staph bacteria prevalence higher in young children living with hog workers
A new study finds that young children residing with adults who work on large industrial hog operations in North Carolina have a higher prevalence of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus, including MRSA and MDRSA, in their nasal passages compared to children living with non-industrial hog workers.
Soy protein early in life may help prevent bone loss in adulthood
A new study published in The FASEB Journal found that early life exposure to a diet high in soy protein isolate can protect against serious bone loss during adulthood. This is the first time scientists have used an animal model to show concrete evidence of a protective effect of an early-life soy protein isolate diet on adult bone loss.
Low socio-economic status, fear of abandonment early in life can lead to poor adult health
A new study from Rice University found that individuals with low socio-economic status as children are more likely to experience poor health in adulthood. The researchers discovered a correlation between early adversity and biological capacity to regulate emotions, which can lead to compromised adult health.
Adults with disabilities on Medicaid wait list most likely to have unmet service needs
A new study found that adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities on Illinois' Medicaid wait list are more likely to have unmet service needs, including preventive health care, dental services, and physical therapy. The survey of 230 caregivers identified disparities based on race, income, and health status.
Mayflies of Turkey: Two new records for the country species and an annotated catalogue
Researchers have discovered two new species of mayflies in Turkey, expanding the country's known insect diversity. The study, published in ZooKeys, provides an annotated catalogue of 157 mayfly taxa, including 24 endemic species to Anatolia.
Adults value overcoming temptation, kids value moral purity
Research suggests that children view unconflicted characters as morally superior, while adults judge those who overcome moral conflict as more deserving of credit. As people develop, they come to value the exercise of willpower and self-control, according to a series of four studies published in Psychological Science.
WWI babies whose fathers were killed in action have shortened adult life expectancies
French children born between 1914 and 1916 whose fathers were killed or severely injured during WWI lost approximately one year of adult life expectancy. Research suggests that negative early life experiences, including maternal psychological stress, may contribute to increased mortality in adulthood.
Americans are more politically independent, more polarized than ever
New research reveals that millennials' political views diverge from previous generations, with nearly half identifying as independents and polarization increasing over time. The study also finds that conservatism is gaining traction among young people, contradicting traditional liberal assumptions.
Increased risk of pneumococcal pneumonia with hospital admission during school holidays
A study published in the European Respiratory Society found that adults hospitalized during school holidays are 38% more likely to develop pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia. The increased risk may be attributed to changes in child contact patterns and transmission of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Babies born with a low birth weight may be less active in later life
Research published in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise found that babies born with a low birth weight are more likely to be rated below-average at school sports by their teacher at age 13. Those with a low birth weight were also less likely to participate in exercise and sports across adulthood, from ages 36 to 68.
Trauma's epigenetic fingerprint observed in children of Holocaust survivors
Researchers found that Holocaust survivors and their adult children showed opposite epigenetic changes in a stress-related gene, suggesting parental trauma may influence offspring biology. The study suggests clinicians should inquire about parental trauma in addition to personal trauma.
Insecure childhood can make dealing with stress harder
A study found that individuals with insecure childhood experiences had lower task performance under emotionally negative conditions and less brain activity in response to target letters. This suggests that inefficient emotional regulation strategies may lead to reduced cognitive resources for task completion.
Scripps Florida scientists shed new light on the role of calcium in learning and memory
Researchers found that blocking calcium entry into mitochondria impaired memory, but allowed for learning in fruit flies. The study suggests a developmental role for mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex in regulating adult memory.
Prescriptions more affordable after policy changes
Researchers found significant increases in Americans able to afford prescriptions following Medicare Part D and Affordable Care Act implementation. Despite this, nearly 20 million adults struggle with prescription costs.
'Cyclops' beetles hint at solution to 'chicken-and-egg' problem in novel trait evolution
Researchers have discovered a novel trait evolution mechanism by studying cyclops-eyed beetles, which recruited existing genes to create new physical traits in adulthood. The study reveals that lingering gene expression can serve as a 'stepping stone' for recruiting genes into making new traits.
Bartending and family life might not mix, study says
A new study by Tulane University sociologists explores the relationship between bartending and perceptions of successful adulthood. The researchers found that bartenders perceive their jobs as precluding them from achieving normal benchmarks of adult life, such as long-term intimate relationships and family life.
Black and Hispanic children and youth rarely get help for mental health problems
A nationwide study found that Black and Hispanic children and youth are less likely to receive mental health care than their white counterparts, despite similar rates of mental health problems. The study also revealed significant racial and ethnic disparities in substance abuse treatment and outpatient mental health services.
Male and female cats respond differently to distressed kittens
Female domestic cats distinguish between kitten calls conveying different levels of urgency and react accordingly, researchers found. In contrast, male cats do not exhibit a similar response to kitten calls regardless of the level of urgency.
Think millennials are the 'hookup generation?' You're wrong, says FAU sex study
A new study conducted by researchers from Florida Atlantic University reveals that Millennials are not the 'hookup generation' as previously thought. The study found that Millennials born in the early 1990s were significantly more likely to report no sexual partners after age 18, compared to GenX'ers born in the late 1960s.
New recommendations for transitioning youths with brain disorders to adult care
A new consensus statement provides recommendations for transitioning adolescents and young adults with neurologic disorders to adult care. The guidelines emphasize the importance of early planning, self-management skills assessment, and comprehensive transition plans to ensure a smooth transition.
Childhood illness not linked to higher adult mortality
A new study by University of Stirling researchers found that early-life exposure to infections does not lead to increased risk of death in adulthood. Contrary to previous theories on long-lasting inflammation, the study suggests improved adult conditions such as healthcare and diet are responsible for recent increases in lifespan.
Social behavior of male mice needs estrogen receptor activation in brain region at puberty
Activation of estrogen receptor alpha in brain region necessary for adult mice to express typical male social behaviors. Inhibition before puberty affects both sexual and aggressive behavior in adulthood.
Study finds broad range of 'independence' for US young adults
A study from North Carolina State University found that US young adults can be categorized into four groups: independent, dependent, independent non-adults, and residential dependents. The findings suggest that the concept of independence is more nuanced than previously thought.