Articles tagged with Population Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study aims to identify the best method for collecting sexual orientation and gender identity data from patients in emergency departments. The EQUALITY Study found that non-verbal self-reporting is the preferred method among both patient and provider respondents, despite concerns about offending patients.
A new study reveals significant regional, demographic, and educational differences in how Americans share health information online. Young people discuss ADHD on drug review sites, while older users discuss physical disorders like diabetes and heart conditions.
A study by Dr Anu Molarius found that obesity rates increased from 13% to 17% among women and 12% to 17% among men between 2000 and 2012. The prevalence of obesity was highest among middle-aged individuals with a middle level education.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that a widely recommended cardiovascular risk calculator overestimates the actual five-year risk of heart attacks and ischemic strokes. The study suggests that individuals may be over-treated due to the inaccuracies.
A study published in Journal of Public Health Management and Practice found that veterans are more likely to report delays in seeking necessary healthcare compared to the US general population. The study suggests that access problems within the VA system may be creating disparities in care for this vulnerable population.
A study of 140,600 individuals from the Utah Population Database found that lowered birth rates contribute to women's longer lifespan compared to men. The research suggests that reduced reproduction costs in females benefit their lifespan.
A new study found that simultaneous cocaine and alcohol use is a red flag for suicide risk, with the risk being 2.4 times higher among those using both substances. The study also showed that substance misuse was less likely an indicator of suicide risk among whites and women, but more likely among older adults.
A recent study published in Population Health Management found that 30% of patients with high hospitalization rates are food insecure and struggle to shop for or prepare their own meals. The research highlights the impact of food insecurity on health outcomes, particularly for vulnerable populations with chronic diseases.
A Danish population study found patients with rosacea had a higher risk of new-onset Parkinson's disease compared to the general population. The study also suggests that tetracycline use may reduce PD risk, but further studies are needed for confirmation.
A study published in Nordic Psychology suggests that ageism can have a significant impact on lifespan, regardless of age. Negative attitudes towards aging are linked to a shorter lifespan, highlighting the need for awareness and debate about this complex issue.
A University of Leicester study finds that GPs and hypertension detection are associated with lower premature mortality in England. In less deprived practices, continuity of care was also linked to lower mortality rates.
Researchers at Rush University Medical Center found that moderate seafood consumption was associated with less Alzheimer's disease pathology, including lower amyloid plaques and tangles. Seafood intake was only linked to reduced harm when individuals had a specific genetic profile, highlighting the need for personalized nutrition advice.
Researchers found that mothers' appetites impact on offspring's appetites, stabilizing population sizes. This helps prevent extinction and counteracts the effect of large numbers being preyed upon.
A new study published in International Journal of Epidemiology found that high fitness levels do not offset the increased risk of death associated with obesity. Men with higher aerobic fitness had a lower risk of death compared to those who were obese, regardless of their fitness level.
The authors argue that study populations should mirror the global community to capture human biological variability. They also recommend enforcing racial and ethnic diversity among study participants, increasing financial support for NIH, and empowering agencies to improve diversity in clinical research.
A University of Oklahoma-led research team collaborated with Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes to study the microbiome of an American Indian community. The study revealed biological connections between certain bacterial families and metabolic pathways, which may be linked to socioeconomic challenges and resource availability.
A study of over 20,000 women with stage IV breast cancer found improved survival rates, especially among those who received initial breast surgery. The median survival increased from 20 to 26 months, and age, tumor size, hormone receptor status, and year of diagnosis were associated with prolonged survival.
A new study published in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine found that critically ill patients experience significant bone loss, increasing their risk of fragility fractures. The researchers suggest that anti-resorptive therapies may be necessary to prevent bone loss in these patients.
A study published in JAMA Network found that nearly 8% of the population has myocardial scars, indicating a 'silent' heart attack. The majority (78%) of these scars were undetected by electrocardiography or clinical evaluation, highlighting the need for improved detection methods.
A new study found that nearly half of camels in parts of Kenya have been infected with the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) virus. The research suggests camels may be a major reservoir host for the virus and a potential source of infection in humans.
A statewide study in Indiana found that fewer than a quarter of men and women with osteoporosis or fragility fracture received treatment between 2005 and 2012. The study also found disparities in treatment rates among different groups, including racial and ethnic minorities and individuals with multiple chronic conditions.
A new study reveals that patients with lumbar spinal stenosis prefer pain relief to improved mobility, defying medical community assumptions. Researchers surveyed 269 patients and found that 79% chose pain reduction over increased physical function.
A study by King's College London found that one in five older people who drink alcohol consume it at unsafe levels, with median consumption being just 6 units per week. The research also revealed that men are more likely to be unsafe drinkers than women and those from higher socioeconomic status.
A new study from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business finds that movie house owners can maximize ticket sales by understanding the preferences of their local audience. The research reveals that urban markets with highly educated consumers prefer wider screens, while other regions favor more showtimes.
A study of populations worldwide suggests that genetic diversity is linked to increased height and better cognitive skills, as well as higher levels of education. However, this diversity has no effect on factors like high blood pressure or cholesterol levels.
Research from the University of Copenhagen found that maintaining a good night's sleep helps maintain a healthy lifestyle. Smokers who slept normally were more likely to quit than those with disturbed sleep patterns. Improved sleep also reduced high-risk alcohol consumption and physical inactivity.
A study published in The Gerontologist found that consuming chamomile tea was associated with a 29% decreased risk of death from all causes among older Mexican-American women, compared to non-users. This effect was not observed in men.
The Canadian population aged 85 and over has grown to 702,000 by 2013, representing 2% of the total population. As the 'oldest old' category continues to evolve, it will impact public policy and require distinct services.
A genetic analysis of current smokers reveals that those consuming high amounts of tobacco are more likely to weigh less. The study found a 1.2kg lower body weight among double carriers of the CHRNA3 gene variant associated with higher tobacco consumption.
The new guidelines increase the proportion of AFib patients recommended for drug therapy by 19%, particularly affecting women and people over 65, who now have a lower age threshold for stroke risk assessment.
A study analyzed lung cancer incidence and screening trends, finding a decline in the proportion of patients meeting high-risk screening criteria. The decline indicates an increasing number of patients with lung cancer would not have been candidates for screening.
Researchers investigated 56,000 participants and found daily drinking significantly increases the risk of alcoholic cirrhosis. Recent alcohol consumption, not lifetime consumption, is the strongest predictor of this condition.
A York University study found a total of 88,688 pediatric concussions were treated in Ontario between 2003 and 2010. Falls, hockey, and skating injuries were the leading causes of concussion among children and youth.
A Taiwanese study found that ACE-inhibitors use was associated with a 57% reduced risk of developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in patients prescribed more than 449.5 cumulative defined daily doses. The research used data from over 14,500 individuals and suggested long-term exposure to ACEIs may be inversely linked to ALS risk.
A mathematical model developed by NIH grantees predicts that women need to take Truvada daily to prevent HIV infection via vaginal sex, while men can protect themselves with just two doses per week. The model helps explain why previous PrEP trials in women were unsuccessful due to poor adherence.
Researchers found no universal preference for high testosterone faces and nuanced effects of culture on mate choice. Across 12 populations, women preferred slightly less masculine faces, suggesting factors beyond infectious disease rates influence attractiveness.
A new study using high-resolution Y chromosome sequencing has found that female populations have been larger throughout human history and remain so in most populations. The research suggests that processes like polygyny and women's tendency to move with their husbands contribute to females making a greater genetic contribution.
A recent study found a 24% decline in first-time strokes and a 20% drop in deaths after strokes over the last 24 years. However, the risk of stroke was concentrated mainly in older adults, with little progress made in reducing the risk among younger people.
A new study found that orgasm rates for single women vary by sexual orientation, with lesbian women experiencing the highest rate. The study analyzed data from over 2,800 individuals and suggests that partner communication and biological factors may contribute to these variations.
A study found that 40% of patients with pacemakers and defibrillators have limited health literacy, posing serious risks. Patients may misunderstand device instructions or fail to manage co-existing conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure.
Research shows a more than threefold rise in male teen drinking alcohol in India, with those from urban areas and poorer households most affected. Early onset of drinking is associated with increased risk of lifetime dependence, injuries, and psychological distress.
Two papers provide a unified definition of lifelong and acquired premature ejaculation, reducing errors in diagnosis and classification. The definition aims to improve treatment options for affected men and their partners.
A new study of nearly 12,000 individuals found that those with dyspnea at baseline had a greater risk of dying, even after adjusting for other risk factors. Dyspnea was associated with a significant increased risk of death in rural Bangladesh, and identifying underlying causes may offer an opportunity to reduce mortality risk.
Caswell's work on matrix population models has had a significant impact on life history theory, conservation biology, climate studies, and the evolution of aging. He was recognized for his lifetime contributions to mathematical demographic analysis.
The study aims to understand why some young men exhibit risky behaviors as they emerge into adulthood, while others do not. The research team will consider factors such as social and sexual networks, homophobia, substance use, and mental health burdens.
A large population study found that current and recent use of painkillers/anti-inflammatories is linked to a heightened risk of atrial fibrillation among older adults. Over half of the study participants developed atrial fibrillation during the monitoring period, with those currently taking NSAIDs facing an 84% greater risk.
Researchers analyzed 1.1 million online reviews across 32,000 cities and found that weather plays a significant role in review quality. Evaluations written on rainy or snowy days are more negative than those written on nice days.
A midlife healthy diet was found to reduce dementia risk by almost 90% compared to the least healthy diet. Higher intake of saturated fats linked to poorer cognitive functions and increased risk of dementia.
A new study by IIASA researchers suggests that increasing labor force participation by as little as 1 or 2 percentage points could allow pension ages to be reduced by one year without increasing the burden on the working population. This approach is considered more palatable politically than raising retirement age, which has proven unp...
A new study from IIASA reveals that young adult failure to thrive is linked to three major economic factors: a globalized labor force, soaring education levels, and increasing women's participation in the workforce. This leads to increased competition for jobs, particularly among those with little practical experience.
A new CU-Boulder study analyzed over 1,000 scientific studies on North American mammal responses to human-caused climate change, finding that only 52% of species responded as expected. Large mammal body size and restricted times during a day were key traits tied to climate change responses.
A large population-based study published in Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases found that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) taken regularly after knee or hip replacement reduces the risk of repeat surgery by around 40%. The research also showed that taking HRT for 12 months or more after surgery further decreases the risk, with those rec...
A recent study found that men are more likely to experience memory problems than women, with 8 out of 9 questions showing higher rates of forgetting among men. This phenomenon holds true across all ages, from 30 to 60 years old, and is associated with higher education levels and a lower risk of dementia.
A new study from Karolinska Institutet found that the risk of relatives developing multiple sclerosis is lower than previously thought. The study analyzed data from over 28,000 individuals diagnosed with MS in Sweden, revealing a seven-fold increased risk for siblings and a five-fold increased risk for children of MS patients.
A recent study published in Neurology found that heavy drinking in middle age is associated with faster decline in all areas of cognitive function in men. Moderate drinking, on the other hand, may not harm memory and executive function.
A groundbreaking study by IIASA researchers Warren Sanderson and Sergei Scherbov provides a new framework for measuring aging based on multiple characteristics. The study offers a more realistic view of population aging by incorporating factors such as life expectancy, health, cognitive function, and disability rates.
A University of Iowa researcher found a 'Goldilocks' effect in snail populations, where certain boundaries restrict growth and reproduction. This discovery may one day aid in controlling the spread of invasive species.
High-priced cigarettes ($4.50+ per pack) and smoke-free homes are associated with lower smoking behaviors in low-income individuals, who tend to smoke more due to lower state cigarette prices. A smoke-free home is also crucial for successful quitting among these smokers.
A new study by American College of Surgeons found that appendectomy patients who undergo surgery on weekends do not experience more postoperative complications compared to weekday patients. However, they pay $419 more in hospital charges on average. The study analyzed nearly 826,000 appendectomies performed between 2006 and 2009.
A Finnish population-based study with over 4,000 participants found that eating five meals a day reduces the risk of obesity in adolescents. Skipping breakfast, on the other hand, is associated with greater BMI and waist circumference. Maternal weight gain during pregnancy also increases the risk of obesity in offspring.