Articles tagged with Economics Research
The Stanford researchers' five-phase stage-gate model describes a process applicable to various medical technologies and innovation settings. It outlines phases including initiation, formulation, design, final validation, and product launch, with decision gates at each phase.
Researchers at Kansas State University investigate the impact of heat expansion on integral bridges, which lack expansion joints and have a continuous deck. The study reveals that soil compaction and temperature change range affect bridge performance, with some stresses induced by daily fluctuations.
The National Science Foundation has awarded $399,939 to two research projects examining the impact of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act on employment in science and engineering fields. Researchers will collect data on ARRA funding of academic programs for two years.
Researchers used a demographic and economic model to evaluate the effect of immigration on the Spanish pensions system, finding that immigrant contributions will exceed native-born contributions by 2055. The study predicts a more pronounced increase in fertility rates among migrants, leading to a decline in pension loads.
The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston has received a two-year, $412,500 federal stimulus grant to support research on developing a therapeutic vaccine for Parkinson's disease. Researchers aim to target alpha-synuclein, a protein associated with the disease, and potentially slow its progression.
Researchers suggest two-tiered scanning-protocol to inspect all containers, reducing risk of bottlenecks and costs. The current inspection regime is deemed inadequate due to limited capacity and high logistical requirements.
Researchers discovered that anxious individuals struggle to avoid distractions and take longer to switch attention between tasks. Training techniques to enhance attentional control may help anxious students achieve their full potential.
A recent study found that bankruptcy rates vary widely across states due to differences in policy, including wage garnishment laws and Chapter 13 filings. Broad demographic factors such as age and income also influence filing rates.
A recent study found that one in five people fall below the poverty line following a partner's death, with women being more at risk. The research highlights the need for better awareness of financial issues and support systems to help bereaved individuals adjust to their new economic situation.
Researchers uncover evidence that chiles were independently domesticated multiple times from geographically distant wild progenitors, resulting in unique gene pools and important reservoirs of genetic diversity. Domesticated individuals exhibit reduced genetic diversity compared to semiwild populations.
Comparative effectiveness research can significantly improve health care quality and affordability if done correctly. Two key challenges are obtaining data earlier in the life cycle of new drugs and linking evidence to strategies that modify physician practice. The expert also highlights the need for a broader agenda, including lifesty...
A study by economists found that Russia's switch to a 13% flat tax decreased tax evasion, but the reform had little effect on taxpayers' real income. Taxpayers whose tax rates were cut saw their consumption increase by less than 4%.
A new study found that 69% of men and 42% of women in the Netherlands work overtime, with women working one-third fewer hours than men. The research suggests that this pressure harms employee well-being and may lead to demotions or firings for women.
A new IUPUI study finds that living near a fast food outlet has little impact on childhood weight, contrary to traditional assumptions. Residing near recreational facilities, however, is associated with lower body mass indexes.
Scientists have discovered a novel signaling pathway in dendritic cells that can be activated by bacterial fragments, leading to the activation of NFAT and triggering an immune response. This discovery has identified potential new therapeutic targets for diseases such as sepsis and chronic heart failure.
A new study in the Journal of Consumer Research reveals that emotions connected with asking for favors can drive individuals to seek simpler transactions in the marketplace. This phenomenon is linked to feelings of perpetual obligation and social indebtedness.
Darwin's work has withstood decades of analysis, confirming that animals' mating choices can drive evolutionary change. Molecular markers have also been developed to study paternity and the driving forces behind sexual selection.
Dr. Maya Saleh will investigate the regulation and molecular mechanisms of NLR-mediated innate immunity using a six-year grant from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund. The goal is to identify genes needed for defense against infections, shedding light on human host interactions with infectious agents.
Scientists from A*STAR's IMRE invented the world's smallest controllable molecule gear of 1.2nm size, revolutionizing molecular machines. The breakthrough was achieved through optimizing molecular design, manipulation and surface atomic chemistry.
Research by Carol Grayson highlights the risks of paid blood donors and the need for an open and safe blood policy to prevent patients from contracting blood-borne infections. The study found that successive UK governments failed to prioritize self-sufficiency in blood products, leading to the contamination of blood supplies.
Research at Spanish airports reveals poor efficiency levels, mainly caused by excessive decentralization of services, leading to missed opportunities for cost savings and increased production. The study suggests concentrating airport operations in a single site to achieve economies of scale.
A comprehensive census analysis has revealed a dramatic decline of 60% in caribou/reindeer numbers worldwide over the last three decades. Global warming and industrial development are identified as key drivers of this decline, affecting not only the animals but also human livelihoods in northern latitudes.
A study by Dr. Anat Bracha of Tel Aviv University found that participating in charitable events in public settings boosts donations due to positive recognition from the community. In contrast, monetary incentives are more effective in private settings, where social judgment is less present.
A study published in Significance found that private school pupils in Britain earn an average of 30% higher earnings than state school students, primarily due to higher qualifications. The study controlled for family background and other factors, suggesting that a private education offers additional benefits.
Researchers found clusters of smaller raindrops falling at speeds exceeding their terminal speed, especially during heavier rainfall. This discovery could improve weather measurement and prediction accuracy, benefiting industries like agriculture, construction, and aviation.
A recent study published in the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization found that life satisfaction decreased significantly in communist-bloc countries after the fall of the Iron Curtain. Despite economic growth, people experienced a decline in work-life balance, family life, and health, while their material circumstances improved.
A new study from UC Davis found that retirement-aged Americans in lower-status occupations tend to have higher rates of hypertension. The researchers analyzed data from over 22,000 Americans and found a strong correlation between occupation and hypertension, suggesting that job history may be an important factor in understanding the de...
A new study finds that low-income conflict-affected countries such as Afghanistan and Somalia receive significantly less aid for reproductive health compared to non-conflict-affected countries. The researchers found that an average of just $509.3m (2.4%) was allocated to reproductive health out of a total of $20.8 billion annually.
A recent study by Georgia State University researchers found that chimpanzees are cognitively able to understand trade but lack the ability to spontaneously barter without human enforcement. Humans, on the other hand, have a reputation system that fosters confidence in trade, which may be unique among primates.
A new study by North Carolina State University researchers found significant flaws in XBRL filings submitted voluntarily by top 500 companies. The study warns that if upcoming filings do not improve accuracy, the XBRL program's credibility will be undermined, affecting its effectiveness.
A study found that Chicago neighborhoods with high community vitality, economic potential, and social capital have lower asthma rates. The research suggests that factors such as poverty, overcrowding, and exposure to air pollution contribute to higher asthma rates in less stable communities.
A new report emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts and adaptive leadership skills in addressing complex social issues in Scotland's public sector. Experts recommend reevaluating leadership education to foster a culture of sharing ideas and learning from each other.
A new study suggests that a more intensive private foster care model, like the Casey Family Programs, can lead to significant cost savings of up to $6.3 billion over the long term. The program's focus on education, mentorship, and support leads to improved outcomes, including higher future earnings and lower medical care costs.
A study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health estimates that nearly 158 million people globally suffer from vision impairment due to uncorrected refractive error. This results in approximately $269 billion in productivity loss each year, with the Western Pacific region being the most affected.
A RAND Corporation study found that congestion pricing can benefit low-income drivers if revenues are used to support transportation projects in their communities. Policymakers should consider the distribution of residents and job opportunities when implementing congestion pricing to minimize regressive effects.
A new study from North Carolina State University shows that undercapitalized start-ups can still be successful by minimizing cash outflows and adapting management strategies. A great technology product, not a top-notch management team, is often more important in securing investment.
Researchers at NIST have created a flexible memristor that operates on less than 10 volts, maintains its memory when power is lost, and functions after being flexed over 4,000 times. The device bears similarities to a memristor, a component theorized in 1971 as a fourth fundamental circuit element.
New studies by sociologists reveal that African Americans are more likely to be sanctioned by the US welfare system than whites. The research found a 29% higher risk of sanction for black clients with a prior sanction, and a 14% higher risk for first-time sanctions. In contrast, Mexican immigrants were more likely to exit welfare withi...
Researchers found that mobile health clinics decrease both the incidence and economic burden of preventable diseases, saving $36 in combined emergency department costs for every $1 invested. The model also showed a net profit to the healthcare system due to reduced costs and increased value of life years saved.
A new UCL study reveals over half of £20 million compensation paid to British slave owners was used to fund modern Britain. The 'Legacies of British Slave Ownership' project creates the first online database of British slave owners, highlighting their economic, cultural, and social impact.
The paper suggests measures to manage ocean acidification's impact on commercial fisheries, including flexible fishery management plans and support for fishing communities. Ocean acidification is expected to damage corals, mollusks, and shellfish, altering food webs and intensifying competition among predators.
A new study suggests that including land use changes in greenhouse gas control strategies can lead to lower costs and preserved forests. The study found that valuing terrestrial carbon emissions can reduce the cost of reducing global emissions by half compared to only taxing industrial and fossil fuel emissions.
A previously unknown giant volcanic eruption in China led to global mass extinction 260 million years ago, according to a new study published in Science. The eruption unleashed around half a million cubic kilometres of lava, causing massive cloud formation and acid rain that cooled the planet.
A study found that high-quality teachers tend to leave schools with large minority populations, suggesting a direct relationship between student race and teacher quality. This relationship may be a substantial contributor to the black-white achievement gap in American schools.
The Alaska Region Research Vessel (ARRV) will support scientific research in high-latitude waters, collecting sediment samples and hosting remotely operated vehicles. The vessel will enable scientists to study global issues like sea-level rise and climate change affecting Alaska's fisheries and ecosystems.
Researchers analyzed 22 trials of web- and computer-based smoking cessation programs, finding a significant improvement in success rates compared to quitting alone. The studies involved nearly 30,000 participants and showed that these programs can be an effective, cost-effective way to help smokers overcome tobacco dependence.
The Canadian Institutes of Health Research is launching a large-scale study to understand common health problems affecting seniors. The two-decade long study will follow 50,000 Canadians and explore biological, medical, psychological, social, and economic factors that impact their health over time.
The University of Rhode Island has been awarded a five-year, $18 million grant by the National Institutes of Health to strengthen biomedical research capacity in Rhode Island. The grant will support at least 22 faculty research projects in molecular toxicology, cell biology, and behavioral science.
Researchers at Harvard University have discovered a group of individuals known as 'super-recognizers,' who possess an extraordinary ability to recognize faces, even after years of not seeing the person. This finding suggests that face recognition may be on a spectrum, with prosopagnosics at one end and super-recognizers at the other.
A new study estimates that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) costs the UK more than £27 billion a year, with £2.7 billion spent on children's support and £25 billion on adults. Researchers call for increased early intervention and policy review to address these significant economic impacts.
A study examining employment trends in Minnesota cities with different types of clean indoor air policies found no significant economic effect on bar and restaurant jobs. Despite this, the researchers conclude that comprehensive public health policies are still beneficial for protecting employees from secondhand smoke exposure.
A web-based system allowing general practitioners to confer with specialists about skin conditions has been shown to reduce referrals to dermatologists by approximately 20%. The study found that in-person consultations were preventable for 39% of patients who received teledermatologic consultations, compared to 18.3% in the control group.
Research by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health suggests that early childhood health interventions can significantly reduce future healthcare costs, estimated at $50,000 per child. Interventions targeting tobacco exposure, unintentional injury, obesity, and mental health can lead to cost savings of up to $65 billion.
Huygens, the Dutch national supercomputer, establishes a new world record in Go by winning a 19x19 competition with a 7-stones handicap. The victory is made possible by the French software MoGo TITAN, which runs on Huygens and utilizes the Monte-Carlo Tree Search algorithm.
The fellowships will investigate how individuals develop their ideas about security and insecurity, exploring the impact of language, images, and symbolism on risk perception. The programme aims to generate knowledge and develop understanding of global uncertainties, informing effective strategies for prevention and mitigation.
Research by Kansas State University psychologists found that 45% of workers reporting hostility had no definite plans to leave their current job, while 59% indicated they either liked or disliked it. This contradicts the common assumption that hostile work environments lead to employee turnover.
A study funded by the Economic and Social Research Council found that children whose mothers often talked about people's feelings, beliefs, wants, and intentions developed better social understanding than those who did not. By age 12, these children were as socially sophisticated as adults.
Researchers have found drastic changes in sediment cores from river deltas worldwide, revealing past changes in nitrogen application, flooding, and hurricane events. The study highlights the importance of deltaic sediments as a 'history book' for understanding environmental changes, particularly in relation to climate change.
A Commonwealth Fund study finds that seven of 10 working-age women in the US have no health insurance coverage or inadequate coverage, leading to medical bill and debt problems. Women are more likely to experience financial burdens from health care costs, with 52% reporting difficulties accessing needed care.
Two Boston College physicists will lead a multi-university project to develop solid-state materials that transfer solar energy to electricity, with funding from the US Department of Energy. The project aims to reduce the cost of solar electricity generation and increase energy efficiency.