Articles tagged with Economics Research
Scientists have discovered iron-oxidizing bacteria living near sulfur-rich black-smoker hydrothermal vents along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. These unique chemosynthetic communities utilize iron as an energy source and are highly evolved to thrive in environments with abundant iron.
A new study found that post-fire logging can reduce woody fuels for up to four decades following wildfire in dry coniferous forests. Harvesting fire-killed trees also helps forest managers manage fuels, with logged stands having lower fuels than unlogged stands over time.
A team of scientists successfully transferred a receptor gene from Arabidopsis to wheat, demonstrating that the signalling pathways are conserved between monocots and dicots. The resulting gene confers durable resistance to bacterial diseases, with potential applications in breeding wheat for improved disease resistance.
A new model by Anna Nagurney adds a way to examine the value of stolen data over time, helping policymakers plan against future cyber attacks. The model captures network economics of cybercrime activity and permits policy evaluation of interventions.
New research from the University of Manchester finds that people who lose their jobs experience a decade-long decrease in trust, even after finding new employment. This phenomenon is due to the traumatic effect of redundancy on an individual's outlook and can have significant implications for society as a whole.
Researchers at Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research have found that bioelectrochemical processes promise improved yields and can be economically competitive. The technology has the potential to save costs of up to 18% in EU and US markets, with estimated savings over a ten-year horizon reaching $50 million.
Transparency of network connections and reputation enhances cooperation, leading to a community of highly cooperative individuals. The study suggests that in a world with more accessible information, people may form insular communities, and belonging to such groups is beneficial.
A new study published in the Review of Financial Studies suggests that regulating CEO payments and performance bonuses can lead to more profitable companies in the long term. The research found that relying on bonuses can encourage CEOs to pursue short-term gains, leading to poor strategic decisions.
A new study reveals that patients' perceptions of GP safety are crucial to reaching successful diagnosis and treatment. The research found that trust issues, alienation, and impersonal processes can lead to problems in improving patient safety within GP services.
A new study by Battelle Technology Partnership Practice found that R&D programs at NIH, NSF, DOE, and NIST generated significant patents and drove downstream R&D activity. The NIH produced the most patents per dollar spent, with its NIBIB institute being a top producer.
The UK needs to invest in science and engineering research to sustain its knowledge economy and drive economic growth. The country's engineering-related sectors contribute £280 billion to GDP, creating jobs and exporting goods worth £239 billion.
A conference at Bielefeld University's Center for Interdisciplinary Research examines the barriers to active fatherhood and opportunities for fathers to achieve it. The event brings together researchers from 12 nations to discuss inequalities and capabilities in work organizations.
The study found that school is now the main source of information for both young men and women, but many feel they are not getting all the information they need. Young people also expressed a demand for greater involvement of parents and health professionals in supplying sexual information.
Obesity in seniors is associated with increased hospitalizations, emergency room admissions, and outpatient healthcare use. The most severely obese group had 3.4 times the odds of inpatient admission and 1.4 times the odds of ER visit compared to healthy-weight individuals.
A new study by University of Pittsburgh sociologists reveals that women who petition for restraining orders against abusers typically experience decreased earnings due to financial instability and hardship. The researchers found that the period of petitioning is accompanied by serious losses, which are not recouped later.
Researchers recommend supporting entrepreneurship, infrastructure development and diaspora engagement to help Somalia's economy grow. The US government is urged to provide venture capital, improve relations between returnees and locals, and invest in roads, health clinics, and water sanitation systems.
A recent study found that consumers tolerate interruptions less when close to completing a task or achieving a goal. This phenomenon is attributed to the psychological state of being 'close enough' to a task, making individuals impatient and more likely to decline opportunities for time-saving interventions.
Academics from the University of Bristol's Intelligent Systems Laboratory used big data to analyze mass media coverage of the 2012 US presidential election. The study found that the media focused more frequently on positive statements about the Democrats, while the Republicans were often portrayed in a negative light. Key issues covere...
Researchers found that employees do not disinvest in their company's stock even when the company is failing, resulting in average losses of nearly $30 million. Employees should diversify their retirement plans to avoid significant financial losses.
The study aims to establish a stable situation for nuclear power by collecting multidisciplinary data on how people define nuclear power and its role in society. The project will analyze the importance of nuclear power in each country's power production, economic impacts, and influence from different viewpoints.
The NHS savings plan resulted in reduced use of procedures considered low-value. However, the application of these reductions was inconsistent across commissioning groups, with some trusts increasing their rates.
A recent study by researchers at The Sainsbury Laboratory has shed new light on the evolution of plant diseases using a generalist parasite, Albugo candida. The parasite's ability to suppress host immunity allows it to adapt to different host species and expand its range.
A new study suggests that an excise tax on sugar-sweetened drinks can effectively reduce consumption rates, especially among heavy drinkers. The research found that adding a 20 cents per litre tax was more effective than a sales tax of similar levels in lowering consumption rates.
Suicide rates among US adults aged 40-64 have increased by 40% since 1999, with a sharp rise since 2007. Economic factors such as job loss, bankruptcy, and foreclosure are being identified as contributing to this trend.
A recent study found that financial incentives can encourage one in five pregnant women to quit smoking, with a significant number stopping at least for the duration of their pregnancy. The scheme, which provided vouchers worth up to £752, was successful in motivating many women to quit, with only a small number 'gaming' the system.
New research from the University of Surrey finds significant differences in employment and income levels among older people, depending on gender and health. The study reveals substantial income gaps, particularly for women who care for elderly parents, reducing their future pension income and financial well-being.
The study reveals that nature-based tourism in protected areas is a significant economic driver, with an estimated annual value of $600 billion. This far surpasses the current spending on safeguarding these sites, which amounts to less than $10 billion annually.
Research published in Occupational & Environmental Medicine reveals that the UK 'fit note' is associated with fewer people taking long-term sick leave of 12 weeks or more. However, the proportion of people off work with depression, anxiety, and stress has increased.
Majorities across political spectrums support assuring discovery and delivery of treatments in the first 100 days of Congress. 79% say investing in research is important for job creation and economic growth. 57% believe the U.S. should be a leader in medical and health research.
The NYU Langone-Technion partnership aims to accelerate breakthroughs in cancer research through joint efforts. Funded by a $9 million gift, the partnership will support six cancer-focused research projects and establish a state-of-the-art research facility in Israel.
A pioneering study analyzing 57,000 fish censuses reveals that sardines and other pelagic fish are highly vulnerable to changes in ocean temperature, driving them to migrate north. The research warns of significant socio-economic and ecological repercussions for coastal towns dependent on these fishery resources.
A UCLA-led study analyzing over 270,000 Chinese-language books found rising individualism in concert with growing urbanism, increasing wealth and higher education levels. Words like 'choose,' 'compete,' and 'innovation' demonstrated a growing prevalence of individualistic values.
Research by University of Southampton and Solent NHS Trust found no long-term effect of higher fees on mental health. Students paying lower fees showed greater symptoms of alcohol dependence, possibly due to higher disposable income.
Researchers developed a single-step synthesis method for nanographenes, overcoming limitations of existing methods. The new reaction enables precise control on the nanometer-scale, making it suitable for next-generation organic electronic devices.
A large-scale study by University of Southampton researchers has found that the agricultural development of a region in eastern China is ecologically unsustainable, with losses of ecosystem services and declining water quality. The study suggests that economic development has created a trade-off between gains in agricultural productivi...
A new study published in PNAS found that people who focus on the success of their peers are more likely to act selfishly in group decisions. This is because success-oriented individuals prioritize information about which behavior pays off best, leading to a greater likelihood of selfish actions.
Researchers unveil prototypes of telescopic contact lenses that magnify objects up to 2.8 times, addressing low vision and AMD concerns. Complementary smart glasses recognize winks and blinks, allowing seamless switching between normal and magnified vision.
Researchers at A*STAR's Genome Institute of Singapore have developed an expert system called OncoIMPACT that combines cancer omics data with machine learning models to predict treatment targets. The system has been applied to over a thousand cancers, including melanomas and ovarian cancers, and shows promise for personalized medicine.
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London analyzed over 4000 studies on online dating to provide dos and don'ts for a successful first date. They found that choosing an attractive profile name and using certain words in a headline message can increase interest, while avoiding complex language and being genuine is key.
A study published in Psychological Science found that when resources are scarce, people evaluate goods in a more stable and consistent way. High-income participants were willing to pay more for luxury items if it meant making trade-offs, whereas lower-income participants were less sensitive to price differences.
A study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that supermarket price promotions lead to greater sales boosts for less healthy foods, even though they are not promoted more frequently. The researchers suggest that stockpiling during promotion may contribute to this finding.
A Duke University study found that chimpanzees and bonobos prefer the glass half full when presented with a choice between two snacks. The apes were more likely to choose fruit over nuts when framed as a prize rather than a penalty, regardless of equal average payoffs.
A new study reveals that simplifying the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) grant application process did not reduce application time for Australian researchers. Despite the streamlined process, applicants still spent a collective 614 working years on their applications in 2014 compared to 574 years in 2012.
Research from the Universities of Exeter and Bristol found that plain tobacco packaging may reduce the likelihood of smokers seeking cigarettes, with a 10% decrease in 'cigarette-seeking' response compared to branded packs.
Cricket batsmen tend to bat more conservatively as they approach a half-century or century to maximize their chances of reaching it. This study found that adopting a conservative style at this stage reduces their chances of dismissal.
Researchers at the University of Luxembourg believe it is possible to teach complex psychological processes enabling people to solve problems, or 'intelligence'. The study highlights the need for cross-curricular skills that can be applied in various situations and domains.
A recent study published in JAMA Internal Medicine found that HPV vaccination does not promote risky sexual behaviors among adolescent females. The vaccine has had a low uptake due to concerns about its impact on sex, but the study suggests it is safe and effective.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota developed a financial feasibility metric to determine when solar-heated biomass gasification systems can be profitable. The study found that these systems could break even at natural gas prices between $4.04 and $10.90 per gigajoule.
A study of corporate scandals found that corrective measures led to improved operating performance, often outstripping rivals. Share prices plummeted short-term but recovered within three years.
Researchers have discovered a coding system, dubbed the 'Enigma machine,' that governs infections by single-stranded RNA viruses, including those causing the common cold and polio. The code, hidden in the viral genome's RNA sequence, can be jammed to disrupt virus assembly and prevent disease.
Researchers found that women, parents, and nature lovers are willing to pay more for environmental upgrades. The study used a psychological scale to understand why people choose between promoting environmental values or commercial uses.
The University of Houston has been awarded a contract from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to design and implement faster, more autonomous, and less expensive bio-threat detection systems. The goal is to create multi-tiered sensor systems that can detect biological and chemical threats in real-time.
A university partnership between Karolinska Institutet and Makerere University in Uganda has enabled students to tackle locally relevant health research questions while gaining international experience. The partnership has achieved zero brain drain, strengthening both institutions' global health initiatives.
A 30-year study found that suicides in Greece increased sharply after the government introduced austerity measures in June 2011, with a total of 11,505 deaths over the period. The introduction of austerity led to a significant rise in male suicides, while female suicides also surged during this time.
Researchers analyze ancient wooden bows found in La Draga, Spain, and conclude that bowhunting played a significant community and social role among early peasant societies. The discovery provides new evidence on the social role of hunting in the first farming societies.
A new study found a significant link between austerity measures and sharp increases in Greek suicides, particularly among men. The analysis, which covered the period from 1983 to 2012, showed that men experienced a sustained 13% increase in suicide beginning in October 2008.
A study in Albania found that traditional communities' understanding of local plants is crucial for their well-being. The researchers recorded 418 plant uses, highlighting the overlap between cultures and the importance of preserving this knowledge for science and community improvement.
A new study by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research suggests that supporting clean technologies like renewables and carbon capture can help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions even with weak CO2 pricing. The researchers used a state-of-the-art computer model to analyze different policy instruments and their interactions.
Researchers develop a novel, bacteria-repelling coating material that attracts healthy cells to medical implants, reducing the likelihood of rejection. The breakthrough could significantly improve the success rate of medical implants, particularly for hip replacements where failure rates remain high.
Research finds significant increases in urban heat waves and extreme hot days over the past four decades, with four of the five years having the largest number being recent on record. Most urban areas also experienced declines in cold waves and windy days.